Background
Methods
Participants & procedures
Measures
Occupational sitting time and television (TV) viewing time
Socio-demographic attributes
Health-related attributes
Statistical analyses
Results
Participant characteristics
Total sample (n = 1,235) | Women (n = 466) | Men (n = 769) |
p
| |
---|---|---|---|---|
Socio-demographic attributes | ||||
Age (years) | 53.3 (7.2) | 52.9 (6.8) | 53.6 (7.4) | 0.076 |
Education | p < 0.001 | |||
High school or less | 24.4 | 30.5 | 20.7 | |
Technical/vocational | 43.1 | 34.6 | 48.2 | |
Bachelor’s degree or higher | 32.6 | 35.0 | 31.1 | |
Marital status | p < 0.001 | |||
De facto/married | 81.9 | 72.5 | 87.7 | |
Separated/divorced/widowed | 11.9 | 20.2 | 6.9 | |
Single | 6.2 | 7.3 | 5.5 | |
Child(ren) in the household | ||||
Yes, % | 48.1 | 45.3 | 49.8 | 0.123 |
Occupation | p < 0.001 | |||
Professional/managerial | 56.6 | 53.7 | 58.4 | |
White collar/administrative | 21.9 | 40.1 | 10.9 | |
Blue collar | 21.5 | 6.2 | 30.7 | |
Annual gross household income | p < 0.001 | |||
Less than $60,000 | 16.0 | 21.2 | 12.9 | |
$60,000-$125,000 | 40.4 | 37.8 | 42.0 | |
$125,000+ | 39.9 | 36.3 | 42.1 | |
Don’t know/Preferred not to say | 3.6 | 4.7 | 3.0 | |
Average weekday hours worked | 8.0 (8.0, 10.0) | 8.0 (7.6, 9.0) | 8.4 (8.0, 10.0) | p < 0.001 |
Health-related factors | ||||
Leisure-time physical activity (min/week) - median (IQR) | 240 (90, 500) | 210 (60, 420) | 270 (95, 540) | 0.004 |
Physical activity guidelines | 0.068 | |||
Sufficiently active, % | 64.8 | 61.6 | 66.7 | |
Insufficiently active, % | 35.2 | 38.4 | 33.3 | |
Smoking status | 0.055 | |||
Current smoker, % | 6.2 | 4.3 | 7.3 | |
Ex-smoker, % | 32.4 | 31.1 | 33.2 | |
Non-smoker, % | 61.5 | 64.6 | 59.6 | |
BMI (kg/m2) | 27.9 (5.0) | 27.5 (5.7) | 28.2 (4.4) | 0.034 |
Normal, % | 29.4 | 39.1 | 23.5 | p < 0.001 |
Overweight, % | 43.6 | 32.4 | 50.3 | |
Obese, % | 27.0 | 28.5 | 26.1 | |
Energy intake (kJ/day) | 7036.5 (5367.8, 9091.6) | 5661.3 (4552.1, 7014.3) | 8083.1 (6370.9, 9989.7) | p < 0.001 |
Alcohol consumption (g/day) | 9.7 (2.1, 23.6) | 5.3 (1.2, 15.1) | 13.7 (3.2, 30.0) | p < 0.001 |
≤10 | 50.9 | 64.8 | 42.4 | |
>10- ≤ 20 | 18.0 | 16.7 | 18.7 | |
>20 | 31.2 | 18.5 | 38.9 | |
Sitting time | ||||
Weekday work sitting time (hours/day) | 6.0 (3.0, 7.6) | 6.0 (2.8, 7.5) | 6.0 (3.0, 7.6) | 0.924 |
TV viewing time (hours/day) | 1.4 (0.7, 2.1) | 1.3 (0.7, 2.0) | 1.6 (0.9, 2.3) | p < 0.001 |
Correlates of high occupational sitting time
Women | Men | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Correlates | Unadjusted odds ratio (95 % CI) |
p
| Fully adjusted odds ratio (95 % CI)ab |
p
| Unadjusted odds ratio (95 % CI) |
p
| Fully adjusted odds ratio (95 % CI)ab |
p
|
Socio-demographic attributes | ||||||||
Age (years) | 0.96 (0.93, 0.99)** | 0.003 | 0.96 (0.94, 0.99)* | 0.021 | 0.98 (0.96, 1.00) | 0.096 | 0.99 (0.97, 1.02) | 0.578 |
Educational attainment | ||||||||
High school or less | 1.00 | - | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
Technical/vocational | 0.96 (0.60, 1.52) | 0.858 | - | 0.54 (0.36, 0.79)** | 0.002 | 0.58 (0.38, 0.88)* | 0.011 | |
Bachelor’s degree or higher | 1.51 (0.96, 2.38) | 0.076 | - | 1.77 (1.18, 2.65)** | 0.006 | 1.10 (0.68, 1.78) | 0.711 | |
Marital status | ||||||||
De facto/married | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | - | ||||
Separated/divorced/ widowed | 1.19 (0.75, 1.89) | 0.453 | 1.99 (1.15, 3.46)* | 0.014 | 0.55 (0.29, 1.01) | 0.054 | - | |
Single | 1.79 (0.88, 3.65) | 0.108 | 2.01 (0.92, 4.43) | 0.082 | 0.55 (0.28, 1.10) | 0.091 | - | |
Child(ren) in the household | 0.98 (0.68, 1.42) | 0.931 | - | 1.67 (1.25, 2.23)** | 0.001 | 1.31 (0.93, 1.83) | 0.124 | |
Occupation | ||||||||
Professional/ managerial | 1.00 | - | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
White collar/ administrative | 0.99 (0.68, 1.45) | 0.976 | - | 0.74 (0.46, 1.18) | 0.201 | 1.12 (0.66, 1.90) | 0.683 | |
Blue collar |
c
| - | 0.20 (0.13, 0.29)*** | p < 0.001 | 0.28 (0.18, 0.45)*** | p < 0.001 | ||
Annual gross household income | ||||||||
Less than $60,000 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
$60,000-$125,000 | 2.30 (1.37, 3.87)** | 0.002 | 2.71 (1.53, 4.79)** | 0.001 | 2.49 (1.44, 4.31)** | 0.001 | 1.62 (0.89, 2.93) | 0.113 |
$125,000+ | 2.02 (1.19, 3.41) ** | 0.009 | 2.61 (1.38, 4.95)** | 0.003 | 4.37 (2.53, 7.54)*** | p < 0.001 | 1.86 (1.00, 3.45)*f | 0.049 |
Don’t know/ Preferred not to say | 0.68 (0.23, 2.00) | 0.480 | 1.04 (0.33, 3.31) | 0.944 | 1.49 (0.52, 4.27) | 0.462 | 0.77 (0.25, 2.41) | 0.656 |
Average weekday hours worked | 1.10 (0.97, 1.25) | 0.130 | 1.11 (0.98, 1.27) | 0.107 | 1.28 (1.17, 1.40)*** | p < 0.001 | 1.26 (1.14, 1.39)*** | p < 0.001 |
Health-related factors | ||||||||
Leisure-time physical activity (mins/week)d | 0.99 (0.98, 1.01) | 0.442 | 0.99 (0.97, 1.01) | 0.269 | 0.99 (0.98, 1.00) | 0.123 | 0.98 (0.97, 1.00)*f | 0.014 |
Smoking status | ||||||||
Current smoker | 1.00 | - | 1.00 | - | ||||
Ex-smoker | 1.03 (0.40, 2.67) | 0.953 | - | 2.07 (1.07, 3.98)* | 0.030 | - | ||
Non-smoker | 1.22 (0.48, 3.07) | 0.673 | - | 2.17 (1.15, 4.08)* | 0.017 | - | ||
BMI (kg/m2) | 1.01 (0.98, 1.04) | 0.586 | - | 1.02 (0.99, 1.05) | 0.208 | - | ||
Energy intake (kJ/day)e | 1.00 (0.99, 1.01) | 0.414 | - | 0.99 (0.99, 1.00)* f | 0.028 | - | ||
Alcohol consumption (g/day) | ||||||||
≤10 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | - | ||||
>10- ≤ 20 | 1.63 (0.99, 2.70) | 0.054 | 1.53 (0.91, 2.57) | 0.108 | 0.86 (0.58, 1.29) | 0.474 | - | |
>20 | 1.22 (0.76, 1.98) | 0.411 | 1.11 (0.67, 1.83) | 0.693 | 0.92 (0.67, 1.27) | 0.626 | - | |
Sitting time | ||||||||
TV viewing time (average hours/day) | 0.99 (0.82, 1.20) | 0.937 | 1.06 (0.86, 1.29) | 0.601 | 0.87 (0.76, 1.00) | 0.052 | 1.00 (0.86, 1.17) | 0.958 |
Correlates of high occupational sitting and high TV viewing time
Low occupational sitting/High TV viewing time (n = 111) | High occupational sitting/Low TV viewing time (n = 127) | High occupational sitting/High TV viewing time (n = 75) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Correlates | RRR (95 % CI) |
p
| RRR (95 % CI) |
p
| RRR (95 % CI) |
p
|
Socio-demographic | ||||||
Age | 1.07 (1.03, 1.12)** | 0.001 | 0.97 (0.94, 1.01) | 0.190 | 1.02 (0.97, 1.07) | 0.430 |
Marital status | ||||||
De-facto/married | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||
Separated/divorced/ widowed | 0.47 (0.22, 0.99)* | 0.048 | 1.35 (0.68, 2.70) | 0.393 | 1.58 (0.72, 3.47) | 0.252 |
Single | 1.87 (0.59, 5.95) | 0.288 | 1.92 (0.63, 5.85) | 0.253 | 3.89 (1.23, 12.26)* | 0.021 |
Annual gross household income | ||||||
Less than $60,000 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||
$60,000-$125,000 | 0.85 (0.42, 1.70) | 0.648 | 2.52 (1.19, 5.33)* | 0.015 | 2.85 (1.26, 6.49)* | 0.012 |
$125,000+ | 1.04 (0.48, 2.22) | 0.924 | 2.83 (1.24, 6.49)* | 0.014 | 2.51 (0.96, 6.56) | 0.062 |
Don’t know/ Preferred not to say | 0.83 (0.26, 2.68) | 0.759 | 0.86 (0.19, 3.87) | 0.842 | 1.22 (0.21, 6.99) | 0.821 |
Average weekday hours worked | 0.91 (0.76, 1.10) | 0.346 | 1.15 (0.99, 1.35) | 0.075 | 0.91 (0.72, 1.14) | 0.416 |
Health-related | ||||||
BMI | 1.03 (0.99, 1.08) | 0.141 | 1.00 (0.96, 1.05) | 0.965 | 1.04 (0.99, 1.09) | 0.107 |
Leisure-time physical activity (mins/week)a | 0.98 (0.96, 1.00) | 0.073 | 0.99 (0.97, 1.01) | 0.297 | 0.97 (0.94, 1.00)*c | 0.040 |
Energy consumption (kJ/day)b | 1.01 (1.00, 1.02) | 0.108 | 1.00 (0.99, 1.02) | 0.696 | 1.02 (1.00, 1.03)*c | 0.024 |
Low occupational sitting/ High TV viewing time (n = 256) | High occupational sitting/ Low TV viewing time (n = 162) | High occupational sitting/ High TV viewing time (n = 148) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Correlates | RRR (95 % CI) |
p
| RRR (95 % CI) |
p
| RRR (95 % CI) |
p
|
Socio-demographic | ||||||
Age | 1.04 (1.01, 1.07)** | 0.004 | 1.02 (0.99, 1.05) | 0.262 | 1.01 (0.98, 1.04) | 0.472 |
Educational attainment | ||||||
High school or less | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||
Technical/vocational | 1.06 (0.64, 1.77) | 0.812 | 0.68 (0.36, 1.26) | 0.218 | 0.55 (0.30, 0.99)* | 0.045 |
Bachelor’s degree or higher | 0.58 (0.30, 1.12) | 0.103 | 1.06 (0.54, 2.09) | 0.869 | 0.72 (0.37, 1.41) | 0.341 |
Child at home | 1.41 (0.92, 2.16) | 0.110 | 2.20 (1.36, 3.55)** | 0.001 | 1.17 (0.73, 1.89) | 0.519 |
Occupation | ||||||
Professional/managerial | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||
White collar/ administrative | 2.69 (1.29, 5.60)** | 0.008 | 1.74 (0.75, 4.06) | 0.198 | 2.31 (1.05, 5.07)* | 0.037 |
Blue collar | 1.76 (1.08, 2.86)* | 0.022 | 0.36 (0.18, 0.69)** | 0.002 | 0.42 (0.23, 0.80)** | 0.008 |
Annual gross household income | ||||||
Less than $60,000 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||
$60,000-$125,000 | 1.12 (0.63, 1.98) | 0.694 | 3.30 (1.17, 9.32)* | 0.024 | 1.21 (0.57, 2.57) | 0.618 |
$125,000+ | 1.57 (0.83, 2.98) | 0.162 | 3.76 (1.30, 10.88)* | 0.015 | 1.90 (0.86, 4.19) | 0.114 |
Don’t know/Preferred not to say | 2.57 (0.76, 8.66) | 0.127 | 2.29 (0.39, 13.58) | 0.363 | 1.09 (0.22, 5.46) | 0.916 |
Average weekday hours worked | 0.82 (0.72, 0.94)** | 0.005 | 1.27 (1.12, 1.45)*** | p < 0.001 | 1.00 (0.87, 1.15) | 0.991 |
Health-related | ||||||
BMI | 1.05 (1.01, 1.10)* | 0.024 | 1.03 (0.98, 1.09) | 0.252 | 1.05 (1.00, 1.11)*c | 0.045 |
Leisure-time physical activity (mins/week)a | 0.98 (0.97, 1.00)*c | 0.022 | 0.98 (0.96, 1.00)* c | 0.014 | 0.97 (0.96, 0.99)** | 0.003 |
Energy consumption (kJ/day)b | 1.01 (1.00, 1.01) | 0.106 | 0.99 (0.99, 1.00) | 0.220 | 1.01 (1.00, 1.01) | 0.209 |