Background
Patient experience and expectations
Confirmatory factor analysis
Rasch analysis
Study aim
Methods
Participants
Measure
Data analysis
Statistic
|
Recommended value
|
22-item PPM-O
|
13-item PPM-O
|
---|---|---|---|
χ2 | NA | 357.23 | 130.46 |
χ2 p-value | <0.05 | >0.0001 | >0.0001 |
df | NA | 194 | 64 |
χ2/df | < or = 2 | 1.84 | 2.04 |
Goodness of fit index (GFI) | > or = 0.9 | 0.828 | 0.879 |
Comparative fit index (CFI) | > or = 0.9 | 0.841 | 0.855 |
Normed fit index (NFI) | > or = 0.9 | 0.717 | 0.757 |
Tucker-Lewis index (TLI) | > or = 0.9 | 0.811 | 0.824 |
Root mean square residual (RMR) | As close to 0 as possible | 0.048 | 0.054 |
Root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) | < or = 0.08 | 0.075 (CI 0.062-0.087) | 0.083 (CI 0.062-0.103) |
Results
Item
|
Response options
|
Min
|
Max
|
Mean
|
Std. Dev.
|
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1. The way that my osteopath explains my osteopathic treatment is | Poor, fair, good, very good, excellent | 3 | 5 | 4.52 | 0.57 |
2. The way my osteopath answers all of my questions is | Poor, fair, good, very good, excellent | 3 | 5 | 4.59 | 0.54 |
3. My osteopath treats me with respect | Never, rarely, sometimes, mostly, always | 3 | 5 | 4.97 | 0.21 |
4. The instructions my osteopath gives me regarding my home exercise program are | Poor, fair, good, very good, excellent | 1 | 5 | 4.30 | 0.71 |
5. Osteopathic treatment has helped my condition | Never, rarely, sometimes, mostly, always | 3 | 5 | 4.40 | 0.60 |
6. The way my management plan was explained to me was | Poor, fair, good, very good, excellent | 2 | 5 | 4.26 | 0.71 |
7. The osteopathic treatment I have received has improved my quality of life | Never, rarely, sometimes, mostly, always | 2 | 5 | 4.34 | 0.65 |
8. As a result of osteopathic treatment, my general health is | Poor, fair, good, very good, excellent | 2 | 5 | 3.89 | 0.72 |
9. During my treatment, the questions my osteopath asked were | Poor, fair, good, very good, excellent | 3 | 5 | 4.34 | 0.63 |
10. After my osteopathic treatment I felt like my whole body was treated rather than just one area | Never, rarely, sometimes, mostly, always | 2 | 5 | 4.25 | 0.79 |
11. Osteopaths at this clinic talk about the body’s ability to heal itself | Never, rarely, sometimes, mostly, always | 1 | 5 | 3.80 | 0.94 |
12. Osteopathic treatment makes me feel vague
| Never, rarely, sometimes, mostly, always | 1 | 12 | 2.15 | 1.24 |
13. I cannot focus on tasks after my osteopathic treatment
| Never, rarely, sometimes, mostly, always | 1 | 5 | 1.86 | 0.92 |
14. I feel calmer after my osteopathic treatment | Never, rarely, sometimes, mostly, always | 1 | 5 | 4.28 | 0.72 |
15. Osteopathic treatment makes no difference to my frame of mind | Never, rarely, sometimes, mostly, always | 1 | 5 | 2.14 | 1.11 |
16. How helpful is osteopathic treatment in managing your condition | Poor, fair, good, very good, excellent | 2 | 5 | 4.22 | 0.69 |
17. I feel sad after osteopathic treatment
| Never, rarely, sometimes, mostly, always | 1 | 5 | 1.22 | 0.58 |
18. I feel tired after osteopathic treatment
| Never, rarely, sometimes, mostly, always | 1 | 5 | 2.48 | 1.04 |
19. I am anxious after osteopathic treatment
| Never, rarely, sometimes, mostly, always | 1 | 3 | 1.16 | 0.38 |
20. I feel alone after osteopathic treatment
| Never, rarely, sometimes, mostly, always | 1 | 4 | 1.11 | 0.37 |
21. I feel less pain after osteopathic treatment | Never, rarely, sometimes, mostly, always | 1 | 5 | 4.05 | 0.81 |
22. I find it hard to concentrate after my osteopathic treatment
| Never, rarely, sometimes, mostly, always | 1 | 4 | 1.82 | 0.88 |
Confirmatory factor analysis 1
Rasch analysis 1
PPM-O Modification
Confirmatory factor analysis
Rasch analysis
Rasch analysis of the education & effectiveness factor
Response options
|
Location
|
Fit residual
|
Chi-square
|
Probability
| |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Education & effectiveness
| |||||
1. The way my osteopath answers all of my questions is | Poor, fair, good, very good, excellent | −1.307 | −1.157 | 9.672 | 0.007 |
2. The instructions my osteopath gives me regarding my home exercise program are | Poor, fair, good, very good, excellent | 0.581 | 0.776 | 3.696 | 0.157 |
3. Osteopathic treatment has helped my condition | Never, rarely, sometimes, mostly, always | −1.050 | −0.071 | 3.230 | 0.198 |
4. As a result of osteopathic treatment, my general health is | Poor, fair, good, very good, excellent | −0.136 | −0.091 | 0.300 | 0.860 |
5. During my treatment, the questions my osteopath asked were | Poor, fair, good, very good, excellent | −1.024 | −0.608 | 7.443 | 0.024 |
6. After my osteopathic treatment I felt like my whole body was treated rather than just one area | Never, rarely, sometimes, mostly, always | 0.495 | 1.029 | 4.701 | 0.095 |
7. Osteopaths at this clinic talk about the body’s ability to heal itself | Never, rarely, sometimes, mostly, always | 1.828 | 0.863 | 0.485 | 0.784 |
8. I feel calmer after my osteopathic treatment | Never, rarely, sometimes, mostly, always | 0.917 | 0.853 | 4.371 | 0.112 |
9. How helpful is osteopathic treatment in managing your condition | Poor, fair, good, very good, excellent | −0.303 | −0.269 | 2.031 | 0.362 |
Cognition & Fatigue
| |||||
10. Osteopathic treatment makes me feel vague
| Never, rarely, sometimes, mostly, always | −0.146 | 0.913 | 3.192 | 0.202 |
11. I cannot focus on tasks after my osteopathic treatment
| Never, rarely, sometimes, mostly, always | −0.355 | −1.429 | 2.966 | 0.226 |
12. I feel tired after osteopathic treatment
| Never, rarely, sometimes, mostly, always | −0.872 | 1.225 | 3.126 | 0.209 |
13. I find it hard to concentrate after my osteopathic treatment
| Never, rarely, sometimes, mostly, always | 1.373 | −0.745 | 2.536 | 0.281 |