Background
The study was based on the following hypotheses
Methods
Study design and population
Sampling
Inclusion criterion
Dependent variable
Independent variables: demographic and health related variable
Variable | Group | N (%) | Mean (in months) | SD | Value of t- statistic/F- statistic | p-value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Demographic and health related variable | ||||||
Antenatal care visits | Yes | 2768 (78.2) | 18.63 | 7.99 | 3.89 | 0.001 |
No | 773 (21.8) | 19.89 | 8.00 | |||
Sex of child | Male | 1807 (51) | 18.79 | 8.06 | −0.90 | 0.366 |
Female | 1734 (49) | 19.03 | 7.89 | |||
Mode of delivery | Caesarean | 831 (23.5) | 18.27 | 7.98 | 2.64 | 0.008 |
Vaginal | 2710 (76.5) | 19.10 | 7.97 | |||
Place of delivery | Home | 2163 (61.08) | 19.18 | 7.98 | 2.54 | 0.011 |
Hospital/Clinic | 1378 (38.92) | 18.48 | ||||
Socio-economic variable | ||||||
Mothers’ educational level | Uneducated | 471 (13.3) | 19.80 | 7.96 | 3.61 | 0.013 |
Primary | 975 (27.5) | 19.15 | 8.13 | |||
Secondary | 1705 (48.20) | 18.66 | 7.90 | |||
Higher | 390 (11.00) | 18.27 | 7.85 | |||
Fathers’ educational level | Uneducated | 828 (23.4) | 19.99 | 8.02 | 7.10 | 0.001 |
Primary | 1059 (29.9) | 18.78 | 7.95 | |||
Secondary | 1109 (31.3) | 18.40 | 7.89 | |||
Higher | 545 (15.4) | 18.52 | 7.98 | |||
Mothers’ occupation | Working outside of house | 862 (24.30) | 20.14 | 8.01 | 5.22 | 0.001 |
Housewife | 2679 (75.70) | 18.51 | 7.92 | |||
Division | Barisal | 415 (11.7) | 19.17 | 8.11 | 3.78 | 0.001 |
Chittagong | 674 (19.0) | 18.33 | 7.31 | |||
Dhaka | 626 (17.7) | 17.99 | 8.01 | |||
Khulna | 422 (11.9) | 19.38 | 8.37 | |||
Rajshahi | 436 (12.3) | 18.97 | 8.31 | |||
Rangpur | 446 (12.6) | 20.00 | 8.27 | |||
Sylhet | 522 (14.7) | 19.16 | 7.66 | |||
Religion | Muslim | 3250 (91.8) | 18.82 | 7.88 | −1.88 | 0.041 |
Non-Muslim | 291 (8.2) | 20.10 | 9.11 | |||
Place of residence | Urban | 1143 (32.3) | 18.71 | 8.11 | −1.00 | 0.061 |
Rural | 2398 (67.7) | 19.00 | 7.92 | |||
Wealth Index | Poor | 1410 (39.8) | 19.29 | 8.04 | 3.62 | 0.027 |
Middle | 677 (19.1) | 18.98 | 7.95 | |||
Rich | 1454 (41.1) | 18.50 | 7.90 | |||
Anthropometric variable | ||||||
BMI | Underweight (BMI < 18.5 kg/m2) | 957(27.0) | 18.59 | 7.77 | 1.029 | 0.357 |
Normal weight (18.5 ≤ BMI < 25 kg/m2) | 2021 (57.1) | 19.02 | 7.97 | |||
Overweight or obese (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2) | 563(15.9) | 19.03 | 8.34 |
Variable | Duration of breastfeeding | p-value |
---|---|---|
Pearson’s correlation coefficients | ||
Mothers’ age | 0.154 | 0.001 |
Mothers’ BMI | 0.041 | 0.014 |
Total children ever born | −0.073 | 0.001 |
Mothers’ age at first birth | −0.042 | 0.013 |
Statistical analysis
Results
Predictors | B | SE | p-value | 95% CI for B | VIF | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Lower | Upper | |||||
Demographic and health related variable | ||||||
Antenatal care visit, No Vs YesR | 1.307 | 0.348 | 0.001 | 0.625 | 1.989 | 1.240 |
Mode of delivery, Vaginal Vs CaesarianR | 0.260 | 0.433 | 0.548 | −0.589 | 1.110 | 2.025 |
Place of delivery, Home Vs Hospital/Clinic | 0.318 | 0.386 | 0.410 | −0.439 | 1.076 | 2.133 |
Mothers’ age at first birth | −0.637 | 0.061 | 0.001 | −0.757 | −0.516 | 2.301 |
Total children ever born | −1.962 | 0.186 | 0.001 | −2.328 | −1.597 | 4.226 |
Mothers’ age | 0.660 | 0.047 | 0.001 | 0.568 | 0.752 | 4.355 |
Socio-economic variable | ||||||
Mothers’ educational level | 0.331 | 0.207 | 0.109 | −0.073 | 0.736 | 1.874 |
Fathers’ educational level | −0.268 | 0.174 | 0.123 | −0.610 | 0.073 | 1.844 |
Mothers’ occupation, Working outside of house Vs HousewifeR | 1.240 | 0.310 | 0.001 | 0.632 | 1.848 | 1.064 |
Division | ||||||
Barisal Vs DhakaR | 0.972 | 0.496 | 0.049 | −0.001 | 1.945 | 1.530 |
Chittagong Vs DhakaR | 0.647 | 0.433 | 0.136 | −0.203 | 1.496 | 1.736 |
Khulna Vs DhakaR | 1.305 | 0.494 | 0.008 | 0.337 | 2.273 | 1.538 |
Rajshahi Vs DhakaR | 0.579 | 0.486 | 0.233 | −0.374 | 1.533 | 1.533 |
Rangpur Vs DhakaR | 1.823 | 0.488 | 0.001 | 0.865 | 2.781 | 1.578 |
Sylhet Vs DhakaR | 1.951 | 0.476 | 0.001 | 1.018 | 2.883 | 1.708 |
Religion, Muslim Vs Non-MuslimR | 0.707 | 0.477 | 0.139 | −0.229 | 1.642 | 1.031 |
Wealth Index | −0.050 | 0.183 | 0.786 | −0.409 | 0.309 | 1.630 |
Anthropometric variable | ||||||
Mothers’ body mass index | 0.060 | 0.036 | 0.094 | −0.010 | 0.130 | 1.223 |
R2-value = 0.779 |