Background
Methods
Screening setting
Data sources
Survey participation
Attendance definitions
Statistics
Results
Frequency (%) among non- participants (N = 5,628) | Frequency (%) among participants (N = 12,058) | |
---|---|---|
Age group (years)
| ||
25-29 | 25.3 | 23.4 |
30-34 | 22.7 | 24.7 |
35-39 | 24.1 | 25.3 |
40-45 | 27.9 | 26.7 |
Residential region in Norway
| ||
Oslo (capital) | 18.1 | 15.4 |
Eastern (minus Oslo) | 36.9 | 38.5 |
Western | 29.2 | 28.7 |
Northern | 15.8 | 17.4 |
Median income in residential municipality (NOK)
1
| ||
240,000-290,000 | 20.2 | 17.8 |
290,001-310,000 | 18.4 | 17.7 |
310,001-320,000 | 17.3 | 17.1 |
320,001-360,000 | 22.1 | 23.0 |
360,001-450,000 | 22.0 | 24.3 |
Age | Nonattendees | Spontaneous attendees | Reminded attendees | Total | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Study sample | Total population 2004 | Study sample | Total population 2004 | Study sample | Total population 2004 | Study sample | Total population 2004 | |
25 - 29 | 502 (17.8) | 44,885 (28.2) | 1,406 (49.9) | 63,830 (40.1) | 912 (32.3) | 50,592 (31.7) | 2,820 (100) | 159,307 (100) |
30 - 34 | 347 (11.7) | 36,407 (20.4) | 1,401 (47.0) | 74,559 (41.8) | 1,230 (41.3) | 67,270 (37.8) | 2,978 (100) | 178,236 (100) |
35 - 39 | 375 (12.3) | 35,684 (20.1) | 1,275 (41.9) | 68,215 (38.4) | 1,395 (45.8) | 73,792 (41.5) | 3,045 (100) | 177,691 (100) |
40 - 45 | 390 (12.1) | 36,900 (20.7) | 1,293 (40.2) | 63,710 (35.8) | 1,532 (47.7) | 77,554 (43.5) | 3,215 (100) | 178,164 (100) |
Total | 1,614 (13.4) | 153,876 (22.2) | 5,375 (44.6) | 270,314 (39.0) | 5,069 (42.0) | 269,208 (38.8) | 12,058 (100) | 693,398 (100) |
Non-attendance versus attendance
N | Non-attendance (%) | Age-adjusted OR (95% CI) for non-attendance | MultivariateaOR (95% CI) for non-attendance | |
---|---|---|---|---|
SOCIODEMOGRAPHICS
| ||||
Age
| ||||
25-29 | 2820 | 17.80 | 1 | 1 |
30-34 | 2978 | 11.65 | 0.61 (0.53, 0.71) | 0.92 (0.76, 1.12) |
35-39 | 3045 | 12.32 | 0.65 (0.56, 0.75) | 1.14 (0.93, 1.40) |
40+ | 3215 | 12.13 | 0.64 (0.55, 0.74) | 1.00 (0.80, 1.25) |
P-value
|
P < 0.0001
|
P = 0.21
| ||
Education (years)
| ||||
< 9 | 258 | 20.54 | 1.79 (1.29, 2.43) | 0.94 (0.57, 1.48) |
9-12 | 3226 | 15.22 | 1.26 (1.11, 1.43) | 1.04 (0.88, 1.23) |
13-16 | 5235 | 12.91 | 1 | 1 |
>16 | 3238 | 11.83 | 0.91 (0.79, 1.04) | 0.81 (0.69, 0.96) |
P-value
|
P < 0.0001
|
P = 0.06
| ||
Marital status
| ||||
Married/cohabiting | 9201 | 11.27 | 1 | 1 |
Divorced/widow | 784 | 14.54 | 1.40 (1.13, 1.73) | 1.15 (0.87, 1.52) |
Single | 1975 | 22.78 | 2.18 (1.92, 2.47) | 1.38 (1.16, 1.65) |
P-value
|
P < 0.0001
|
P = 0.002
| ||
HEALTH AND HEALTH RISKS
| ||||
Self-rated health
| ||||
Poor | 852 | 19.01 | 1.84 (1.51, 2.22) | 1.26 (0.97, 1.63) |
Good | 3645 | 14.32 | 1.28 (1.13, 1.45) | 1.16 (0.99, 1.35) |
Very good | 5494 | 11.65 | 1 | 1 |
Excellent | 1809 | 14.26 | 1.27 (1.09, 1.49) | 1.38 (1.14, 1.66) |
P-value
|
P < 0.0001
|
P = 0.005
| ||
Smoking
| ||||
Never | 5435 | 13.21 | 1 | 1 |
Former | 2684 | 9.84 | 0.73 (0.63, 0.85) | 0.94 (0.78, 1.13) |
Current | 3899 | 16.03 | 1.26 (1.12, 1.42) | 1.41 (1.20, 1.66) |
P-value
|
P < 0.0001
|
P < 0.0001
| ||
Beer drinking
| ||||
Never | 2626 | 11.00 | 0.96 (0.82, 1.12) | |
<once per month | 3336 | 13.01 | 1.08 (0.93, 1.24) | |
1-3 times per month | 3788 | 12.46 | 1 | |
>=once per week | 944 | 13.45 | 1.08 (0.87, 1.33) | |
P-value
|
P = 0.46
| |||
Wine drinking
| ||||
Never | 966 | 17.39 | 1.55 (1.28, 1.87) | 1.34 (1.06, 1.68) |
<once per month | 2884 | 14.08 | 1.22 (1.06, 1.40) | 1.13 (0.96, 1.33) |
1-3 times per month | 4947 | 11.91 | 1 | 1 |
>=once per week | 2187 | 9.83 | 0.84 (0.71, 0.99) | 0.93 (0.77, 1.12) |
P-value
|
P < 0.0001
|
P = 0.03
| ||
Liquor drinking
| ||||
Never | 3597 | 12.29 | 1.02 (0.89, 1.17) | |
<once per month | 4716 | 12.30 | 1 | |
>=once per month | 1827 | 12.97 | 1.03 (0.87, 1.21) | |
P-value
|
P = 0.92
| |||
SEXUAL HISTORY
| ||||
Number of lifetime coital partners
| ||||
0-3b
| 3992 | 15.98 | 1 | 1 |
4-9 | 4265 | 12.64 | 0.76 (0.67, 0.86) | 1.02 (0.87, 1.21) |
10 + | 3423 | 11.01 | 0.65 (0.57, 0.74) | 0.85 (0.69, 1.04) |
P-value
|
P < 0.0001
|
P = 0.09
| ||
Number of new coital partners during last six months
| ||||
0 | 9696 | 13.26 | 1 | |
1 | 1691 | 14.02 | 1.03 (0.89, 1.20) | |
2+ | 572 | 12.94 | 0.90 (0.69, 1.16) | |
P-value
|
P = 0.65
| |||
Age at first coitus
| ||||
<17 | 4997 | 11.43 | 1 | 1 |
17-18 | 4023 | 13.05 | 1.18 (1.04, 1.34) | 1.07 (0.92, 1.26) |
19 + | 2673 | 14.18 | 1.28 (1.12, 1.47) | 0.99 (0.81, 1.20) |
P-value
|
P = 0.001
|
P = 0.54
| ||
Ever had any STI
c
| ||||
No | 8061 | 15.15 | 1 | 1 |
Yes | 3627 | 9.15 | 0.57 (0.50, 0.64) | 0.66 (0.56, 0.78) |
P-value
|
P < 0.0001
|
P < 0.0001
| ||
PREGNANCY AND CONTRACEPTIVES
| ||||
Ever pregnant
| ||||
No | 2300 | 23.57 | 2.44 (2.14, 2.76) | 1.21 (0.94, 1.56) |
Yes | 9720 | 10.92 | 1 | 1 |
P-value
|
P < 0.0001
|
P = 0.13
| ||
Number of births
| ||||
0 | 3133 | 21.54 | 1 | 1 |
1 | 2307 | 11.10 | 0.46 (0.39, 0.54) | 0.62 (0.48, 0.82) |
2 | 4013 | 9.54 | 0.38 (0.33, 0.44) | 0.57 (0.44, 0.74) |
3+ | 2419 | 10.87 | 0.44 (0.37, 0.52) | 0.59 (0.44, 0.78) |
P-value
|
P < 0.0001
|
P = 0.0006
| ||
Ever used hormonal contraceptives
| ||||
No | 1305 | 31.72 | 3.84 (3.36, 4.38) | 2.12 (1.75, 2.58) |
Yes | 10670 | 11.12 | 1 | 1 |
P-value
|
P < 0.0001
|
P < 0.0001
| ||
Used hormonal contraceptive during last month
| ||||
No | 7825 | 15.49 | 1 | 1 |
Yes | 4097 | 9.37 | 0.53 (0.47, 0.60) | 0.69 (0.60, 0.81) |
P-value
|
P < 0.0001
|
P < 0.0001
| ||
Ever used condoms
| ||||
No | 1873 | 21.41 | 2.13 (1.87, 2.42) | 1.38 (1.15, 1.65) |
Yes | 10079 | 11.81 | 1 | 1 |
P-value
|
P < 0.0001
|
P = 0.0007
| ||
AWARENESS
| ||||
"Did you know that a gynecological smear may detect changes that could lead to cervical cancer?"
| ||||
No | 1224 | 23.37 | 2.04 (1.76, 2.35) | 1.20 (0.96, 1.50) |
Yes | 10769 | 12.20 | 1 | 1 |
P-value
|
P < 0.0001
|
P = 0.11
| ||
"Did you know that the recommended screening interval is every third year?"
| ||||
No | 1179 | 25.36 | 2.31 (1.99, 2.67) | 1.39 (1.12, 1.72) |
Yes | 10835 | 12.04 | 1 | 1 |
P-value
|
P < 0.0001
|
P = 0.003
| ||
"Do you believe a gynecological smear every third year is necessary for you?"
| ||||
No | 8733 | 9.58 | 0.50 (0.44, 0.56) | 0.52 (0.45, 0.61) |
Yes | 2382 | 17.72 | 1 | 1 |
Don't know | 883 | 38.05 | 2.75 (2.32, 3.27) | 2.19 (1.75, 2.74) |
P-value
|
P < 0.0001
|
P < 0.0001
| ||
"Have you ever heard of HPV?"
| ||||
No | 7664 | 14.08 | 1.22 (1.09, 1.36) | 0.98 (0.85, 1.13) |
Yes | 4290 | 11.91 | 1 | 1 |
P-value
|
P = 0.0006
|
P = 0.73
|
Reminded attendance versus opportunistic attendance
N | Reminded attendance (%) | Age-adjusted OR (95% CI) for reminded attendance | Multivariatea OR (95% CI) for reminded attendance | |
---|---|---|---|---|
SOCIODEMOGRAPHICS
| ||||
Age
| ||||
25-29 | 2318 | 39.34 | 1 | 1 |
30-34 | 2631 | 46.75 | 1.35 (1.21, 1.52) | 1.24 (1.09, 1.41) |
35-39 | 2670 | 52.25 | 1.69 (1.51, 1.89) | 1.58 (1.39, 1.80) |
40+ | 2825 | 54.23 | 1.83 (1.63, 2.04) | 1.66 (1.45, 1.90) |
P-value
|
P < 0.0001
|
P < 0.0001
| ||
Education (years)
| ||||
< 9 | 205 | 49.76 | 1.06 (0.80, 1.40) | |
9-12 | 2735 | 50.16 | 1.02 (0.92, 1.12) | |
13-16 | 4559 | 48.41 | 1 | |
>16 | 2885 | 47.25 | 1.02 (0.88, 1.06) | |
P-value
|
P = 0.77
| |||
Marital status
| ||||
Married/cohabiting | 8164 | 49.47 | 1 | 1 |
Divorced/widow | 670 | 47.31 | 0.82 (0.70, 0.96) | 0.88 (0.73, 1.06) |
Single | 1525 | 44.59 | 0.90 (0.81, 1.01) | 0.95 (0.83, 1.08) |
P-value
|
P = 0.01
|
P = 0.33
| ||
HEALTH AND HEALTH RISKS
| ||||
Self-rated health
| ||||
Poor | 690 | 46.23 | 0.86 (0.73, 1.00) | |
Good | 3123 | 47.26 | 0.93 (0.85, 1.01) | |
Very good | 4854 | 49.01 | 1 | |
Excellent | 1551 | 49.39 | 1.00 (0.89, 1.12) | |
P-value
|
P = 0.12
| |||
Smoking
| ||||
Never | 4717 | 50.03 | 1 | 1 |
Former | 2420 | 47.07 | 0.86 (0.78, 0.95) | 0.97 (0.87, 1.09) |
Current | 3274 | 47.37 | 0.88 (0.81, 0.97) | 1.03 (0.92, 1.15) |
P-value
|
P = 0.003
|
P = 0.66
| ||
Beer drinking
| ||||
Never | 2311 | 49.94 | 1.16 (1.04, 1.29) | 1.05 (0.93, 1.18) |
<once per month | 2902 | 49.93 | 1.13 (1.02, 1.25) | 1.05 (0.94, 1.17) |
1-3 times per month | 3316 | 46.47 | 1 | 1 |
>=once per week | 817 | 45.53 | 0.96 (0.82, 1.12) | 1.03 (0.87, 1.22) |
P-value
|
P = 0.008
|
P = 0.84
| ||
Wine drinking
| ||||
Never | 798 | 50.88 | 1.19 (1.02, 1.38) | 1.17 (0.98, 1.39) |
<once per month | 2478 | 50.12 | 1.13 (1.02, 1.24) | 1.08 (0.96, 1.21) |
1-3 times per month | 4358 | 47.22 | 1 | 1 |
>=once per week | 1972 | 47.36 | 0.92 (0.83, 1.03) | 0.96 (0.85, 1.08) |
P-value
|
P = 0.002
|
P = 0.13
| ||
Liquor drinking
| ||||
Never | 3155 | 49.57 | 1.01 (0.92, 1.11) | |
<once per month | 4136 | 48.77 | 1 | |
>=once per month | 1590 | 46.04 | 0.92 (0.82, 1.03) | |
P-value
|
P = 0.26
| |||
SEXUAL HISTORY
| ||||
Number of lifetime coital partners
| ||||
0-3b
| 3354 | 54.03 | 1 | 1 |
4-9 | 3726 | 47.07 | 0.76 (0.70, 0.84) | 0.88 (0.79, 0.99) |
10 + | 3046 | 44.42 | 0.69 (0.62, 0.76) | 0.87 (0.76, 0.99) |
P-value
|
P < 0.0001
|
P = 0.05
| ||
Number of new coital partners during last six months
| ||||
0 | 8410 | 49.27 | 1 | |
1 | 1454 | 46.77 | 0.94 (0.84, 1.05) | |
2+ | 498 | 42.77 | 0.84 (0.70, 1.01) | |
P-value
|
P = 0.11
| |||
Age at first coitus
| ||||
<17 | 4426 | 46.07 | 1 | 1 |
17-18 | 3498 | 48.66 | 1.10 (1.01 1.20) | 1.07 (0.97, 1.19) |
19 + | 2294 | 52.14 | 1.26 (1.14, 1.40) | 1.07 (0.94, 1.22) |
P-value
|
P < 0.0001
|
P = 0.36
| ||
Ever had any STI
c
| ||||
No | 6840 | 51.40 | 1 | 1 |
Yes | 3295 | 42.12 | 0.68 (0.63, 0.74) | 0.76 (0.68, 0.83) |
P-value
|
P < 0.0001
|
P < 0.0001
| ||
PREGNANCY AND CONTRACEPTIVES
| ||||
Ever pregnant
| ||||
No | 1758 | 45.68 | 1.08 (0.97, 1.21) | |
Yes | 8659 | 49.16 | 1 | |
P-value
|
P = 0.17
| |||
Number of births
| ||||
0 | 2458 | 45.04 | 1 | |
1 | 2051 | 46.03 | 0.92 (0.82, 1.04) | |
2 | 3630 | 49.89 | 0.96 (0.86, 1.08) | |
3+ | 2156 | 52.97 | 1.03 (0.90, 1.17) | |
P-value
|
P = 0.35
| |||
Ever used hormonal contraceptives
| ||||
No | 891 | 57.35 | 1.39 (1.21, 1.60) | 1.21 (1.01, 1.46) |
Yes | 9483 | 47.63 | 1 | 1 |
P-value
|
P < 0.0001
|
P = 0.03
| ||
Used hormonal contraceptive during last month
| ||||
No | 6613 | 50.20 | 1 | 1 |
Yes | 3713 | 45.33 | 0.87 (0.80, 0.95) | 0.88 (0.80, 0.96) |
P-value
|
P = 0.001
|
P = 0.006
| ||
Ever used condoms
| ||||
No | 1472 | 54.28 | 1.23 (1.10, 1.38) | 1.07 (0.94, 1.23) |
Yes | 8889 | 47.54 | 1 | 1 |
P-value
|
P = 0.0003
|
P = 0.31
| ||
AWARENESS
| ||||
"Did you know that a gynecological smear may detect changes that could lead to cervical cancer?"
| ||||
No | 938 | 40.94 | 0.78 (0.68, 0.90) | 0.78 (0.65, 0.94) |
Yes | 9455 | 49.25 | 1 | 1 |
P-value
|
P = 0.0006
|
P = 0.007
| ||
"Did you know that the recommended screening interval is every third year?"
| ||||
No | 880 | 33.18 | 0.54 (0.47, 0.63) | 0.49 (0.41, 0.59) |
Yes | 9531 | 49.96 | 1 | 1 |
P-value
|
P < 0.0001
|
P < 0.0001
| ||
"Do you believe a gynecological smear every third year is necessary for you?"
| ||||
No | 7896 | 49.23 | 1.14 (1.03, 1.26) | 1.06 (0.93, 1.20) |
Yes | 1960 | 45.66 | 1 | 1 |
Don't know | 547 | 49.73 | 1.25 (1.04, 1.52) | 1.13 (0.89, 1.43) |
P-value
|
P = 0.02
|
P = 0.54
| ||
"Have you ever heard of HPV?"
| ||||
No | 6585 | 49.70 | 1.14 (1.05, 1.24) | 1.19 (1.08, 1.30) |
Yes | 3779 | 46.44 | 1 | 1 |
P-value
|
P = 0.001
|
P = 0.0003
|