Background
Methods
Research setting
Data collection
Measurements
Statistical analysis
Results
Characteristics | Caregivers | Patients |
---|---|---|
Gender (n, %) | ||
Male | 140 (45.3%) | 145 (46.9%) |
Female | 169 (54.7%) | 164 (53.1%) |
Age (years, mean±SD) | 41.1±10. 8 | 35.4±20.8 |
Ethnicity | ||
Han | 299 (96.8%) | 295 (95.5%) |
Other | 10 (3.2%) | 14 (4.5%) |
Types of leukemia (n, %) | ||
ALL | 96 (31.1%) | |
AML | 163 (52.8%) | |
CLL | 8 (2.6%) | |
CML | 42 (13.6%) | |
Duration since diagnosis (Month, Mean±SD) | 21.2±18.4 | |
Duration of caregiving (Month, Mean±SD) | 15.4±6.9 | |
Hours of caregiveing per day(Hour, Mean±SD) | 17.8±7.2 | |
Understand of disease (n, %) | ||
Incompletely | 7 (2.3%) | |
Partial | 192 (62.1%) | |
Completely | 110 (35.6%) | |
Medical insurance (n, %) | ||
Yes | 280 (90.6%) | |
No | 29 (9.4%) | |
Annual household income (Yuan) | ||
≤40,000 | 168 (54.4%) | |
40,001–79,999 | 131 (42.4%) | |
≥80,000 | 10 (3.2%) | |
Relationship to patient (n, %) | ||
Spouse | 114 (36.9%) | |
Parent | 136 (44.0%) | |
Child | 43 (13.9%) | |
Other | 16 (5.2%) | |
Level of education (n, %) | ||
No more than primary school | 39 (12.6%) | |
Middle or high school | 204 (66.0%) | |
University | 66 (21.4%) | |
Marital status (n, %) | ||
Married | 291 (94.2%) | |
Other | 18 (5.8%) | |
Employment (n, %) | ||
Employed | 238 (77.0%) | |
Retired | 22 (7.1%) | |
Unemployed | 49 (15.9%) | |
Religious belief (n, %) | ||
No | 263 (85.1%) | |
Yes | 46 (14.9%) | |
Anxiety (Mean±SD) | 10.8±2.3 | |
Normal(n, %) | 24(7.8%) | |
Mild(n, %) | 119(38.5%) | |
Moderate (n, %) | 149(48.2%) | |
Severe(n, %) | 17(5.5%) | |
Depression (Mean±SD) | 8.19±2.2 | |
Normal (n, %) | 112(36.2%) | |
Mild (n, %) | 132(42.7%) | |
Moderate (n, %) | 65(21.0%) | |
Severe (n, %) | 0(0%) | |
Social support (Mean±SD) | 37.0±8.0 | |
Low(n, %) | 10(3.2%) | |
Moderate(n, %) | 228(73.8%) | |
High(n, %) | 71(23.0%) | |
Family function (APGAR score) | 6.7±1.8 | |
Severely dysfunctional(n, %) | 8(2.6%) | |
Moderately dysfunctional(n, %) | 134(43.4%) | |
Highly functional(n, %) | 167(54.0%) |
Domain | Family Caregivers | General population | t |
P
|
---|---|---|---|---|
Physical | 12.7±2.8 | 15.1±2.30 | -15.09 | 0.000 |
Psychological | 12.2±2.5 | 13.9±1.89 | -11.70 | 0.000 |
Social | 13.2±2.9 | 13.9±2.06 | -4.60 | 0.000 |
Environment | 11.3±2.5 | 12.1±2.08 | -5.95 | 0.000 |
Characteristics | n | Physical | Psychological | Social | Environment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean±SD | Mean±SD | Mean±SD | Mean±SD | ||
Family caregivers | |||||
Gender | |||||
Male | 140 | 12.8±2.9 | 12.2±2.7 | 13.3±3.1 | 11.5±2.6 |
Female | 169 | 12.6±2.7 | 12.3±2.4 | 13.1±2.8 | 11.1±2.4 |
Age (years) | |||||
≤40 | 156 |
13.1±3.1
| 12.4±2.8 |
13.7±3.0
| 11.3±2.6 |
>40 | 153 |
12.2±2.4
| 12.0±2.2 |
12.6±2.7
| 11.2±2.4 |
Relationship to patient | |||||
Spouse | 114 |
12.5±2.5
|
11.8±2.2
|
12.5±2.6
|
11.1±2.2
|
Parent | 136 |
12.1±2.6
|
11.8±2.4
|
13.2±2.8
|
11.1±2.6
|
Child | 43 |
14.6±3.1
|
14.2±2.5
|
14.8±3.2
|
12.2±2.7
|
Other | 16 |
14.0±3.4
|
12.8±3.4
|
13.3±3.9
|
11.7±3.6
|
Level of education | |||||
No more than primary school | 39 |
10.9±3.2
| 11.4±2.4 | 12.2±3.4 | 10.5 ±2.5 |
Middle or high school | 204 |
12.9±2.7
| 12.3±2.4 | 13.3±2.8 | 11.3±2.5 |
University | 66 |
13.1±2.6
| 12.4±2.8 | 13.2±2.9 | 11.8±2.7 |
Ethnicity | |||||
Han | 299 | 12.7±2.8 | 12.2±2.5 | 13.2±2.9 | 11.3±2.6 |
Other | 10 | 12.1±2.6 | 11.7±2.3 | 12.9±2.4 | 10.8±1.6 |
Religious belief | |||||
No | 263 |
12.5±2.7
|
12.0±2.4
|
12.9±2.8
|
11.1±2.5
|
Yes | 46 |
13.7±3.2
|
13.5±2.6
|
14.7±2.9
|
12.1±2.5
|
Marital status | |||||
Married | 291 | 12.6±2.8 |
12.1±2.5
| 13.1±2.9 | 11.2±2.5 |
Other | 18 | 13.6±2.9 |
13.7±2.5
| 13.7±2.5 | 12.1±2.1 |
Duration of caregiving (Months) | |||||
≤6 | 112 | 12.5±3.0 |
12.1±2.6
| 13.2±3.2 | 11.3±2.7 |
6-12 | 69 | 12.8±2.8 |
12.6±2.4
| 13.4±2.8 | 11.5±2.2 |
13-24 | 70 | 12.6±3.1 |
11.6±2.4
| 12.6±2.9 | 10.8±2.5 |
>24 | 58 | 12.9±2.0 |
12.7±2.6
| 13.4±2.5 | 11.7±2.6 |
Time spent caregiving per day (Hours) | |||||
0-12 | 127 |
13.1±2.9
|
12.6±2.6
| 13.4±3.2 |
11.9±2.7
|
13-24 | 182 |
12.4±2.7
|
12.0±2.5
| 13.0±2.7 |
10.9±2.3
|
Understanding of disease | |||||
Lacking | 7 | 13.1±1.1 | 12.6±2.7 | 13.5±2.5 | 13.1±1.7 |
Partial | 192 | 12.6±2.8 | 12.2±2.3 | 13.0±2.9 | 11.2±2.4 |
Fully | 110 | 12.8±3.0 | 12.3±2.8 | 13.4±2.9 | 11.2±2.8 |
Annual household income (Yuan) | |||||
≤40,000 | 168 |
12.2±2.9
| 12.0±2.6 | 13.0±2.9 |
10.9±2.4
|
39,999-79,999 | 131 |
13.1±2.7
| 12.3±2.4 | 13.3±2.9 |
11.7±2.6
|
≥80,000 | 10 |
14.0±2.7
| 13.8±2.4 | 13.9±3.2 |
12.5±2.7
|
Employment | |||||
Employed | 238 | 12.8±2.8 | 12.3±2.6 | 13.3±3.0 | 11.4±2.6 |
Retired | 22 | 12.7±1.5 | 11.9±1.8 | 11.9±1.2 | 11.4±2.0 |
Unemployed | 49 | 12.3±3.2 | 12.1±2.5 | 13.0±2.9 | 10.9±2.5 |
Anxiety(HADS score) | |||||
Normal | 24 |
14.4±2.9
|
14.2±2.7
|
15.1±3.0
| 12.4±3.2 |
Mild | 119 |
13.0±2.7
|
12.6±2.4
|
13.7±2.8
| 11.4±2.5 |
Moderate | 149 |
12.2±2.7
|
11.7±2.3
|
12.6±2.7
| 11.1±2.4 |
Severe | 17 |
11.5±3.4
|
11.5±3.1
|
11.5±3.2
| 10.6±2.4 |
Depression (HADS score) | |||||
Normal | 112 |
13.2±2.3
|
12.7±2.4
|
13.7±2.8
|
12.6±2.5
|
Mild | 132 |
12.7±2.8
|
12.1±2.4
|
13.1±2.8
|
10.9±2.2
|
Moderate | 65 |
11.5±3.3
|
11.6±2.7
|
12.3±3.3
|
9.8±2.2
|
Social support(SSRSG score) | |||||
Low | 10 |
11.7±2.2
|
9.9±1.9
|
10.4±2.2
|
8.9±1.6
|
Moderate | 228 |
12.1±2.6
|
11.7±2.3
|
12.6±2.8
|
10.8±2.2
|
High | 71 |
14.8±2.4
|
14.3±2.2
|
15.3±2.2
|
13.2±2.4
|
Family function(APGAR score) | |||||
Severely dysfunctional | 8 | 12.3±1.9 |
10.7±1.5
|
11.2±2.8
|
9.8±2.3
|
Moderate dysfunctional | 134 | 12.3±2.9 |
11.7±2.5
|
12.9±3.1
|
11.0±2.6
|
Highly functional | 167 | 13.0±2.8 |
12.7±2.5
|
13.5±2.7
|
11.6±2.4
|
Patients | |||||
Gender | |||||
Male | 145 | 12.6±2.9 | 12.2±2.5 | 13.3±2.9 | 11.1±2.5 |
Female | 164 | 12.8±2.8 | 12.2±2.6 | 13.1±3.0 | 11.4±2.5 |
Age (years) | |||||
<15 | 75 |
11.8±2.7
|
11.4±2.5
| 13.4±2.6 |
10.2±2.2
|
≥15 | 234 |
12.9±2.8
|
12.5±2.5
| 13.1±3.0 |
11.6±2.5
|
Ethnicity | |||||
Han | 295 | 12.7±2.8 | 12.3±2.5 | 13.2±2.9 | 11.3±2.6 |
Other | 14 | 12.0±2.4 | 11.1±2.4 | 12.7±2.3 | 10.9±1.3 |
Types of leukemia | |||||
ALL | 96 |
12.2±2.7
|
11.4±2.6
| 13.1±3.0 |
10.6±2.7
|
AML | 163 |
12.7±3.0
|
12.4±2.5
| 13.1±2.9 |
11.5±2.4
|
CLL | 8 |
12.7±0.9
|
12.6±2.1
| 13.3±1.6 |
11.7±1.6
|
CML | 42 |
13.7±2.6
|
13.2±2.2
| 13.6±2.9 |
11.9±2.4
|
Duration since diagnosis (months) | |||||
0-6 | 38 | 12.8±3.1 | 12.2±2.7 | 13.3±3.5 | 11.0±2.7 |
7-12 | 82 | 12.9±3.2 | 12.5±2.7 | 13.5±3.0 | 11.5±2.5 |
12-24 | 91 | 12.8±2.7 | 11.9±2.3 | 12.8±2.7 | 11.0±2.1 |
24 | 98 | 12.3±2.6 | 12.3±2.5 | 13.2±2.8 | 11.4±2.8 |
Medical insurance | |||||
Yes | 280 |
12.8±2.9
|
12.3±2.6
| 13.3±2.9 | 11.3±2.6 |
No | 29 |
11.3±2.1
|
10.9±1.8
| 12.3±2.5 | 10.8±2.1 |
Physical | Psychological | Social | Environment | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Adjusted β | t |
p
| Adjusted β | t |
p
| Adjusted β | t |
p
| Adjusted β | t |
p
| |
Family Caregivers | ||||||||||||
Older age (vs. ≤ 40 years) | -0.18 | -3.19 | 0.002 | -0.06 | -1.22 | 0.225 | ||||||
Relationship to patient(vs.others) | ||||||||||||
Spouse | -0.19 | -1.80 | 0.073 | -0.10 | -1.02 | 0.310 | -0.04 | -0.35 | 0.724 | -0.08 | -0.84 | 0.403 |
Parent | -0.19 | -1.70 | 0.090 | -0.06 | -0.63 | 0.531 | 0.03 | 0.28 | 0.781 | 0.09 | 0.82 | 0.416 |
Child | 0.01 | 0.14 | 0.891 | 0.12 | 1.56 | 0.119 | 0.09 | 1.19 | 0.235 | 0.00 | -0.05 | 0.963 |
Level of education(vs. ≤ primary school) | ||||||||||||
Middle or high school | 0.19 | 2.67 | 0.008 | |||||||||
University | 0.15 | 1.91 | 0.057 | |||||||||
Religious belief(vs. no belief) | 0.13 | 2.68 | 0.008 | 0.16 | 3.59 | 0.000 | 0.13 | 3.02 | 0.003 | 0.09 | 2.03 | 0.043 |
Married (vs.others) | 0.07 | 1.64 | 0.101 | |||||||||
Duration of caregiving (months) | 0.07 | 1.65 | 0.100 | |||||||||
13-24 hours spent caregiving per day (vs.0-12 hours) | 0.03 | 0.63 | 0.528 | 0.03 | 0.64 | 0.522 | -0.05 | -0.99 | 0.323 | |||
Annual household income (vs. ≤40,000 Yuan) | ||||||||||||
39,999-79,999 | 0.05 | 0.91 | 0.364 | 0.07 | 1.51 | 0.131 | ||||||
≥80,000 | 0.09 | 1.77 | 0.077 | 0.03 | 0.71 | 0.481 | ||||||
Anxiety (vs.normal) | ||||||||||||
Mild | -0.19 | -2.13 | 0.034 | -0.16 | -1.93 | 0.055 | -0.12 | -1.35 | 0.178 | |||
Moderate | -0.26 | -2.78 | 0.006 | -0.27 | -3.13 | 0.002 | -0.22 | -2.54 | 0.012 | |||
Severe | -0.15 | -2.44 | 0.015 | -0.13 | -2.33 | 0.021 | -0.17 | -2.97 | 0.003 | |||
Depression(vs.normal) | ||||||||||||
Mild | -0.15 | -2.88 | 0.004 | -0.04 | -0.93 | 0.352 | -0.04 | -0.88 | 0.381 | -0.22 | -4.53 | 0.000 |
Moderate | -0.21 | -3.97 | 0.000 | 0.00 | -0.08 | 0.939 | -0.05 | -1.12 | 0.263 | -0.14 | -2.82 | 0.005 |
Family function (vs.highly functional) | ||||||||||||
Severely dysfunctional | -0.37 | -6.30 | 0.000 | -0.44 | -7.16 | 0.000 | -0.42 | -6.95 | 0.000 | |||
Moderate dysfunctional | -0.20 | -3.63 | 0.000 | -0.24 | -4.09 | 0.000 | -0.23 | -3.95 | 0.000 | |||
Social support(vs. low) | ||||||||||||
Moderate | 0.12 | 1.12 | 0.262 | 0.28 | 2.81 | 0.005 | 0.35 | 3.53 | 0.000 | 0.26 | 2.60 | 0.010 |
High | 0.41 | 3.74 | 0.000 | 0.52 | 5.17 | 0.000 | 0.58 | 5.60 | 0.000 | 0.51 | 4.96 | 0.000 |
Patients | ||||||||||||
Older patients(vs.<15) | 0.15 | 2.04 | 0.042 | 0.03 | 0.55 | 0.584 | 0.19 | 3.09 | 0.002 | |||
Types of leukemia(vs.ALL) | ||||||||||||
AML | -0.02 | -0.28 | 0.778 | 0.19 | 3.15 | 0.002 | 0.12 | 1.89 | 0.059 | |||
CLL | -0.02 | -0.40 | 0.686 | 0.03 | 0.58 | 0.563 | 0.00 | 0.04 | 0.966 | |||
CML | 0.07 | 1.18 | 0.239 | 0.14 | 2.53 | 0.012 | 0.03 | 0.56 | 0.573 | |||
Medical insurance(vs. no insurance) | 0.11 | 2.32 | 0.021 | 0.09 | 2.21 | 0.028 | ||||||
R2
| 0.40 | 0.50 | 0.46 | 0.46 | ||||||||
Adjusted R2
| 0.36 | 0.46 | 0.43 | 0.43 |