Background
Methods
Subjects
Research methods
Demographic details | N (%)/M (range; IQR) † | Demographic details | N (%)/M (range; IQR) † | Demographic details | N (%)/M (range; IQR) † |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Patients | 502 | ≤14 | 88(17.5%) | Yes | 18 (3.6%) |
Sex | 14–25 | 101(20.1%) | Outerbridge grade | ||
Male | 149 (29.7%) | 25–45 | 202(40.2%) | No lesion | 358 (71.3%) |
Female | 353 (70.3%) | ≥45 | 111(22.1%) | Grade I | 29 (5.8%) |
BMI (kg/m2) | 22.0 (range, 13.8 ~ 44.4; 4.3) | Symptoms duration (months) | 10.0 (range, 0.05 ~ 246; 21.0) | Grade II | 52 (10.4%) |
< 18.5 | 54(10.8%) | ≤1 | 64(12.7%) | Grade III | 23 (4.6%) |
18.5–25 | 362(72.1%) | 1–6 | 149(29.7%) | Grade IV | 40 (8.0%) |
≥25 | 86(17.1%) | 6–24 | 184(36.7%) | K-L grade | |
Work intensity | >24 | 105(20.9%) | Grade 0 | 375 (74.7%) | |
Grade 0 | 27 (5.6%) | Watanabe type | Grade I | 56 (11.2%) | |
Grade 1 | 212 (42.2%) | Complete | 423 (84.3%) | Grade II | 44 (8.8%) |
Grade 2 | 240 (47.8%) | Incomplete | 79 (15.7%) | Grade III | 23 (4.6%) |
Grade 3 | 22 (4.4%) | O’Connor type | Grade IV | 4 (0.8%) | |
Grade 4 | 1 (0.2%) | No tear | 38 (7.6%) | Type of surgery | |
Trauma history | Longitudinal (/bucket handle) tear | 171 (34.1%) | Saucerization | 410 (81.7%) | |
No | 360 (71.7%) | Horizontal tear | 154 (30.7%) | Saucerization with repair | 16 (3.2%) |
Yes | 142 (28.3%) | Oblique tear | 10 (2.0%) | Ttotal meniscectomy | 76 (15.1%) |
Involved knee joint | Transverse (/radial) tear | 45 (9.0%) | Follow-up time (months) | 75.4 (range, 41.0 ~ 123.3; 33.7) | |
Left | 252 (50.2%) | Variant tear | 84 (16.7%) | ≤60 | 135(26.9%) |
Right | 250 (49.8%) | Medial meniscus tear | 60–96 | 254(50.6%) | |
Age of onset (years) | 32.0 (range, 3 ~ 80; 26.3) | No | 484 (96.4%) | >96 | 113(22.5%) |
Factors/IKDC classification | Valuation |
---|---|
Sex (X1) | male “0”; female “1” |
BMI (kg/m2) (X2) | X2 < 18.5 “1”; 18.5 ≤ X2 < 25 “2”; X2 ≥ 25 “3” |
Work intensity (X3) | grade 0 ~ 1 “1”; grade 2 “2”; grade 3 ~ 4 “3” |
History of trauma (X4) | no “0”; yes “1” |
Involved knee joint (X5) | left knee “0”; right knee “1” |
Age of onset (year) (X6) | X6 ≤ 14 “1”; 14 < X6< 25 “2”; 25 ≤ X6 < 45 “3”; X6 ≥ 45 “4” |
Symptom duration (month) (X7) | X7 ≤ 1 “1”; 1 < X7 ≤ 6 “2”; 6 < X7 ≤ 24 “3”; X7 > 24 “4” |
Watanabe type (X8) | type I (complete) “1”; type II (incomplete) “2” |
O’Connor type (X9) | no “0”; longitudinal (/bucket handle) tear “1”; horizontal tear “2”; oblique tear “3”; transverse (/radiation) tear “4”; variant tear (including flap, composite, degenerate meniscus tear) “5” |
Medial meniscus tear (X10) | no “0”; yes “1” |
Outerbridge grade (X11) | no “0”; grade I “1”; grade II “2”; grade III ~ IV “3” |
K-L grade (X12) | grade 0 “0”; grade I “1”; grade II “2”; grade III ~ IV “3” |
Type of surgery (X13) | Saucerization “1”; Saucerization with repair “2”; Total meniscectomy “3” |
Follow-up time (month)(X14) | X14 ≤ 60 “1”; 60 < X14 ≤ 96; X14 > 96 |
IKDC classification (Y) | < 70 (poor) ~ 70–79 (fair) “1”; 80–89 (good) “2”; ≥90 (excellent) “3” |
Statistical method
Results
General characteristics of the subjects
Preoperative M (IQR)/N (%) † | Postoperative M (IQR)/N (%) † | Z | p | |
---|---|---|---|---|
IKDC score | 57.6 (9.7) | 87.4 (14.6) | −19.420 | 0.000* |
< 70 (poor) | 502 (100.0%) | 55 (11.0%) | ||
70 ~ 79 (fair) | 0(0.0%) | 84 (16.7%) | ||
80 ~ 89 (good) | 0(0.0%) | 164 (32.7%) | ||
≥ 90 (excellent) | 0(0.0%) | 199 (39.6%) |
Univariate analysis of the correlation between the investigated factors and IKDC classification
Variable | IKDC grade | Z/kruskall-wallis χ2 | P | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Fair and poor N (%) † | Good N (%) † | Excellent N (%) † | |||
Sex | −4.362 | 0.000* | |||
Female | 114(32.3) | 119(33.7) | 120(34.0) | ||
male | 25(16.8) | 45(30.2) | 79(53.0) | ||
BMI (kg/m2) | 66.642 | 0.000* | |||
< 18.5 | 7(13.0) | 4(7.4) | 43(79.6) | ||
18.5 ~ 25 | 86(23.8) | 129(35.6) | 147(40.6) | ||
≥ 25 | 46(53.5) | 31(36.0) | 9(10.5) | ||
Work intensity | 74.092 | 0.000* | |||
Grade 0 ~ 1 | 39(16.3) | 56(23.4) | 144(60.3) | ||
Grade 2 | 90(37.5) | 98(40.8) | 52(21.7) | ||
Grade 3 ~ 4 | 10(43.5) | 10(43.5) | 3(13.0) | ||
History of trauma | −2.618 | 0.009* | |||
No | 113(31.4) | 113(31.4) | 134(37.2) | ||
Yes | 26(18.3) | 51(35.9) | 65(45.8) | ||
Involved knee joint | −0.843 | 0.399 | |||
Left | 65(25.8) | 84(33.3) | 103(40.9) | ||
Right | 74(29.6) | 80(32.0) | 96(38.4) | ||
Age of onset (year) | 188.575 | 0.000* | |||
≤ 14 | 2(2.3) | 11(12.5) | 75(85.2) | ||
14 ~ 25 | 9(8.9) | 22(21.8) | 70(69.3) | ||
25 ~ 45 | 62(30.7) | 94(46.5) | 46(22.8) | ||
≥ 45 | 66(59.5) | 37(33.3) | 8(7.2) | ||
Symptoms duration (month) | 26.939 | 0.000* | |||
≤ 1 | 13(20.3) | 21(32.8) | 30(46.9) | ||
1 ~ 6 | 34(22.8) | 52(34.9) | 63(42.3) | ||
6 ~ 24 | 43(23.4) | 58(31.5) | 83(45.1) | ||
>24 | 49(46.7) | 33(31.4) | 23(21.9) | ||
Watanabe type | −1.867 | 0.062 | |||
Complete | 111(26.2) | 138(32.6) | 174(41.1) | ||
Incomplete | 28(35.4) | 26(32.9) | 25(31.6) | ||
O’Connor tear type | 8.129 | 0.149 | |||
No tearing | 12(31.6) | 11(28.9) | 15(39.5) | ||
Longitudinal (/bucket handle) tear | 50(29.2) | 51(29.8) | 70(40.9) | ||
Horizontal tear | 31(20.1) | 53(34.4) | 70(45.5) | ||
Oblique tear | 3(30.0) | 4(40.0) | 3(30.0) | ||
Transverse (/radial) tear | 15(33.3) | 14(31.1) | 16(35.6) | ||
Variant tear | 28(33.3) | 31(36.9) | 25(29.8) | ||
Medial meniscus tear | −2.876 | 0.004* | |||
No | 127(26.2) | 162(33.5) | 195(40.3) | ||
Yes | 12(66.7) | 2(11.1) | 4(22.2) | ||
Outerbridge grade | 116.370 | 0.000* | |||
No injury | 51(14.2) | 129(36.0) | 178(49.7) | ||
Grade I | 11(37.9) | 6(20.7) | 12(41.4) | ||
Grade II | 29(55.8) | 18(34.6) | 5(9.6) | ||
Grade III ~ IV | 48(76.2) | 11(17.5) | 4(6.3) | ||
K-L grade | 116.570 | 0.000* | |||
Grade 0 | 57(15.2) | 133(35.5) | 185(49.3) | ||
Grade I | 26(46.4) | 19(33.9) | 11(19.6) | ||
Grade II | 34(77.3) | 9(20.5) | 1(2.3) | ||
Grade III ~ IV | 22(81.5) | 3(11.1) | 2(7.4) | ||
Follow-up time (month) | 5.542 | 0.063 | |||
≤ 60 | 47(34.8) | 44(32.6) | 44(32.6) | ||
60–96 | 65(25.6) | 81(31.9) | 108(42.5) | ||
>96 | 27(23.9) | 39(34.5) | 47(41.6) | ||
Type of surgery | 77.186 | 0.000* | |||
Saucerization | 80(19.5) | 142(34.6) | 188(45.9) | ||
Saucerization with repair | 5(31.3) | 5(31.3) | 6(37.5) | ||
Total meniscectomy | 54(71.1) | 17(22.4) | 5(6.6) |
Multivariate analysis of the correlation between the investigated factors and IKDC classification
Variable | B | S.E. | Wald | p | OR | 95% CI | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Lower | Upper | ||||||
Sex | |||||||
Male | 0.532 | 0.234 | 5.151 | 0.023* | 1.702 | 1.076 | 2.697 |
Female‡ | – | – | – | – | 1.000 | – | – |
BMI (kg/m2) | |||||||
< 18.5 | 1.104 | 0.497 | 4.926 | 0.026* | 3.016 | 1.138 | 7.996 |
18.5 ~ 25 | 0.531 | 0.285 | 3.467 | 0.063 | 1.701 | 0.972 | 2.974 |
≥ 25‡ | – | – | – | – | 1.000 | – | – |
Work intensity | |||||||
Grade 0 ~ 1 | 0.331 | 0.506 | 0.427 | 0.514 | 1.392 | 0.516 | 3.751 |
Grade 2 | −0.223 | 0.481 | 0.214 | 0.644 | 0.800 | 0.312 | 2.056 |
Grade 3 ~ 4‡ | – | – | – | – | 1.000 | – | – |
History of trauma | |||||||
No | −0.179 | 0.232 | 0.597 | 0.440 | 0.836 | 0.531 | 1.317 |
Yes‡ | – | – | – | – | 1.000 | – | – |
Age of onset (year) | |||||||
≤ 14 | 3.034 | 0.498 | 37.069 | 0.000* | 20.780 | 7.822 | 55.147 |
14 ~ 25 | 2.142 | 0.418 | 26.293 | 0.000* | 8.516 | 3.755 | 19.317 |
25 ~ 45 | 0.545 | 0.33 | 2.732 | 0.098 | 1.725 | 0.904 | 3.294 |
≥ 45‡ | – | – | – | – | 1.000 | – | – |
Symptoms duration (month) | |||||||
≤ 1 | 1.256 | 0.37 | 11.501 | 0.001* | 3.511 | 1.699 | 7.265 |
1 ~ 6 | 1.242 | 0.303 | 16.826 | 0.000* | 3.463 | 1.914 | 6.265 |
6 ~ 24 | 1.180 | 0.287 | 16.949 | 0.000* | 3.254 | 1.855 | 5.703 |
>24‡ | – | – | – | – | 1.000 | – | – |
Medial meniscus tear | |||||||
No | 0.089 | 0.624 | 0.021 | 0.886 | 1.093 | 0.322 | 3.717 |
Yes‡ | – | – | – | – | 1.000 | – | – |
Outerbridge grade | |||||||
No injury | 1.853 | 0.469 | 15.629 | 0.000* | 6.379 | 2.545 | 15.975 |
Grade I | 1.466 | 0.572 | 6.569 | 0.010* | 4.332 | 1.412 | 13.277 |
Grade II | 0.758 | 0.488 | 2.418 | 0.120 | 2.134 | 0.820 | 5.551 |
Grade III ~ IV‡ | – | – | – | – | 1.000 | – | – |
K-L grade | |||||||
Grade 0 | 0.184 | 0.690 | 0.071 | 0.790 | 1.202 | 0.311 | 4.646 |
Grade I | −0.112 | 0.685 | 0.027 | 0.870 | 0.894 | 0.233 | 3.425 |
Grade II | −0.563 | 0.707 | 0.634 | 0.426 | 0.569 | 0.142 | 2.277 |
Grade III ~ IV‡ | – | – | – | – | 1.000 | – | – |
Type of surgery | |||||||
Saucerization | 0.546 | 0.387 | 1.983 | 0.159 | 1.726 | 0.807 | 3.688 |
Saucerization with repair | −0.262 | 0.678 | 0.149 | 0.699 | 0.770 | 0.204 | 2.907 |
Total meniscectomy‡ | – | – | – | – | 1.000 | – | – |