Background
Methods
EPID image acquisition
Fluence-map calculation
3D dose reconstruction using a GPU
3D dose-calculation algorithm
Algorithm heterogeneity evaluation
3D dosimetric verifications for example clinical treatment plans
Treatment planning
Dosimetric verifications
Results
Evaluations of EPID-based fluence maps
Evaluations of dose algorithm heterogeneity
3D dosimetric verifications
Plan structure
|
Head & neck (6 MV)
|
Lung (6 MV)
|
Lung (10 MV)
|
Prostate (10 MV)
| |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
P
w
(%)
|
P
m
(%)
|
P
w
(%)
|
P
m
(%)
|
P
w
(%)
|
P
m
(%)
|
P
w
(%)
|
P
m
(%)
| ||
Body | 2%/2 mm | 74.7 | 73.2 | 90.4 | 83.5 | 88.9 | 90.3 | 94.8 | 94.1 |
3%/3 mm | 93.7 | 93.1 | 99.8 | 99.4 | 99.0 | 99.1 | 99.4 | 99.6 | |
GTV | 2%/2 mm | 97.5 | 82.2 | 94.9 | 77.4 | 98.7 | 76.8 | 87.8 | 80.1 |
3%/3 mm | 100.0 | 97.5 | 100.0 | 96.1 | 100.0 | 96.2 | 97.6 | 93.0 | |
CTV | 2%/2 mm | 79.0 | 71.4 | 97.3 | 80.8 | 99.2 | 84.8 | 87.8 | 83.0 |
3%/3 mm | 97.8 | 93.4 | 100.0 | 97.2 | 100.0 | 97.6 | 97.6 | 95.6 | |
PTV | 2%/2 mm | 73.6 | 70.1 | 92.8 | 79.9 | 95.5 | 87.0 | 92.3 | 83.9 |
3%/3 mm | 96.6 | 92.9 | 99.7 | 97.3 | 99.9 | 98.5 | 99.6 | 98.6 |
Head & neck (6 MV)
|
Lung (6 MV)
|
Lung (10 MV)
|
Prostate (10 MV)
| |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Diff
mean dose
(%)
|
Diff
max dose
(%)
|
Diff
mean dose
(%)
|
Diff
max dose
(%)
|
Diff
mean dose
(%)
|
Diff
max dose
(%)
|
Diff
mean dose
(%)
|
Diff
max dose
(%)
| |
GTV | 0.03 | 1.97 | 1.16 | 0.56 | 0.53 | 0.56 | 0.64 | 0.56 |
CTV | -0.28 | 1.98 | 0.34 | -1.49 | -0.2 | -0.82 | 0.65 | 0.66 |
PTV | -0.52 | 0.82 | -0.27 | -1.49 | -0.55 | -0.82 | -0.19 | 1.41 |
Brain stem | -0.61 | -2.30 | ||||||
Parotid | 2.08 | 3.09 | ||||||
Spinal cord | -0.67 | -0.72 | -1.13 | -1.68 | -1.89 | -1.18 | ||
Both lungs | -0.86 | 0.03 | -1.13 | 0.14 | ||||
Heart | -1.36 | -0.52 | -1.46 | -0.73 | ||||
Bladder | 0.64 | 2.48 | ||||||
Rectum | 2.61 | 2.75 | ||||||
Colon | -0.34 | 0.86 |
Head & neck (6 MV)
|
Lung (6 MV)
|
Lung (10 MV)
|
Prostate (10 MV)
| |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Diff
mean dose
(%)
|
Diff
max dose
(%)
|
Diff
mean dose
(%)
|
Diff
max dose
(%)
|
Diff
mean dose
(%)
|
Diff
max dose
(%)
|
Diff
mean dose
(%)
|
Diff
max dose
(%)
| |
GTV | 0.55 | 0.64 | 1.13 | 1.56 | 1.15 | 1.53 | 1.75 | 2.48 |
CTV | 0.01 | 1.08 | 0.62 | 0.95 | 0.65 | 1.29 | 1.52 | 2.20 |
PTV | -0.38 | 1.08 | -0.50 | 0.24 | -0.24 | 0.78 | 0.62 | 2.20 |
Brain stem | -4.54 | -3.95 | ||||||
Parotid | 1.74 | 2.95 | ||||||
Spinal cord | -1.50 | -3.15 | -2.51 | -0.27 | -3.07 | -0.83 | ||
Both lungs | -0.93 | 2.03 | -1.27 | 2.18 | ||||
Heart | -1.33 | -1.13 | -1.26 | -0.45 | ||||
Bladder | 1.11 | 3.45 | ||||||
Rectum | 2.94 | 2.74 | ||||||
Colon | 0.95 | 1.39 |
Computation times for dosimetric verifications
Volume (cm
3
)
|
Initialization (s)
|
Fluence map (s)
|
CCCS(s)
|
Gamma evaluation (s)
| |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
TERMA
|
CS
|
Resampling
|
Gamma calculation
| ||||
Head & Neck | 48 × 30 × 21.6 | 0.225 | 0.264 | 0.030 | 6.822 | 0.762 | 0.821 |
Lung | 54 × 15 × 22.8 | 0.236 | 0.263 | 0.028 | 5.965 | 0.522 | 0.709 |
Prostate | 40.8 × 36 × 31.8 | 0.231 | 0.266 | 0.054 | 7.324 | 0.804 | 0.847 |