Background
Methods
Study population
Toxicology
Variables studied
Study area and definition of rurality
Statistical analysis
Ethics
Results
Urban n = 396 | Rural n = 288 |
P
| |
---|---|---|---|
Age | 47.5 (36–57) | 52 (44–59) | <0.001 |
Gender (m/f) | 292 / 104 | 226 / 62 | 0.090 |
Suicidal intention | 82 (20.7) | 40 (13.9) | 0.022 |
Found dead on scene | 313 (79.0) | 213 (74.0) | 0.254 |
Death before ambulance arrival (signs of life may have been observed before ambulance arrival) | 46 (11.6) | 42 (14.6) | |
Death after ambulance arrival (Signs of life upon arrival of ambulance crew) | 13 (3.3) | 8 (2.8) | |
Death during transport | 1 (0.3) | 4 (1.4) | |
Death during hospital stay | 23 (5.8) | 21 (7.3) | |
Location of poisoning | 0.087 | ||
Home or acquaintance | 349 (88.1) | 267 (92.7) | |
Settlement or city area | 16 (4.0) | 6 (2.1) | |
Outdoors | 15 (3.8) | 11 (3.8) | |
Health facility | 7 (1.8) | 3 (1.0) | |
Prison | 9 (2.3) | 1 (0.3) |
Causes of the fatal poisonings
Total n = 684 | Urban n = 396 | Rural n = 288 |
P-Value | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Ethanol | 384 (55.7) | 188 (47.5) | 196 (68.1) | <0.001 |
Methanol | 22 (3.2) | 13 (3.3) | 9 (3.1) | >0.9 |
Ethylene glycol | 9 (1.3) | 1 (0.3) | 8 (2.8) | 0.005* |
Psychoactives | 106 (15.4) | 74 (18.7) | 32 (11.1) | 0.007 |
Neuroleptics | 32 | 19 | 13 | |
Benzodiazepine | 26 | 20 | 6 | |
Antidepressant | 48 | 35 | 13 | |
Antiepileptics | 20 (2.9) | 14 (3.5) | 6 (2.1) | 0.27 |
Opioids | 89 (12.9) | 69 (17.4) | 20 (6.9) | <0.001 |
Weak | 58 | 43 | 15 | |
Medium | 12 | 11 | 1 | |
Strong | 19 | 15 | 4 | |
Paracetamol | 10 (1.5) | 9 (2.3) | 1 (0.3) | 0.03* |
Insulin | 9 (1.3) | 6 (1.5) | 3 (1.0) | 0.43* |
Cardiovascular | 15 (2.2) | 10 (2.5) | 5 (1.7) | 0.49 |
Beta blockers | 8 | 6 | 2 | |
Ca2+ channel blockers | 3 | 3 | 0 | |
Other cardiovascular drugs | 4 | 1 | 3 | |
Other | 20 (2.9) | 12 (3.0) | 8 (2.8) | 0.84 |