Background
Methods
Design
Study setting
Study participants
Study procedure
Data analysis
Ethical considerations
Results and discussion
Results
Characteristic | Patients with High HbF levels (≥10%) N = 80(%) | Patients with low HbF levels (<10%) N = 136 (%) | OR (95% CI) | p value |
---|---|---|---|---|
Demographic features
| ||||
Gender
| ||||
Female | 48(60%) | 67(49.3%) | 1.54 (0.88-2.71) | 0.128 |
Male | 32(40%) | 69(50.7%) | ||
Age
| ||||
<5 years | 28 (35%) | 20 (14.7%) | 3.12 (1.58 -6.17) |
0.0005
|
≥ 5 years | 52 (65%) | 116 (85.3%) | ||
HISTORY | ||||
Reason for clinic visit
| ||||
Sick visit | 63(77%) | 100 (73.5%) | 1.33 (0.69-2.57) | 0.390 |
Routine visit | 17 (23%) | 36 (26.5%) | ||
Duration of follow up in SCC
| ||||
< 5 years | 54 (67.5%) | 52 (38.2%) | 3.36 (1.83-6.16) |
<0.001
|
≥ 5 year | 26 (32.5%) | 84 (61.8%) | ||
Transfusions since birth
| ||||
<3 | 58 (72.5%) | 83 (61%) | 1.68 (0.91-3.08) | 0.080 |
≥ 3 | 22(27.5%) | 53 (39%) | ||
Hospitalisations since birth
| ||||
≤2 | 48 (60%) | 61(55%) | 1.82 (1.03- 3.21) |
0.036
|
>2 | 32 (40%) | 75 (45%) | ||
SIGNS | ||||
Jaundice
| ||||
present | 53(66.3%) | 85 (62.5%) | 1.18 (0.66-2.11) | 0.580 |
absent | 27 (33.7%) | 51 (37.5%) | ||
Palpable spleen
| ||||
Yes | 24 (30%) | 28 (20.6%) | 1.65 (0.87-3.13) | 0.119 |
No | 56 (60%) | 108 (79.4%) | ||
Hepatomegaly
| ||||
Present | 40 (50%) | 60 (44.1%) | 1.27 (0.73-2.21) | 0.404 |
absent | 40 (50%) | 76 (55.9%) | ||
Haematological parameters
| ||||
WBC count
| ||||
<15.0 | 35 (43.8%) | 65 (47.8%) | 1.18 (0.67-2.05) | 0.566 |
≥ 15.0 | 45 (56.2%) | 71 (52.2%) | ||
RBC count
| ||||
<3.0 | 48 (60%) | 80 (58.8%) | 1.05 (0.60-1.85) | 0.865 |
≥ 3.0 | 32 (40%) | 56 (41.2%) | ||
Hb level
| ||||
≥7 g/dl | 60 (75%) | 98 (72.1%) | 1.16 (0.62-2.19) | 0.638 |
<7 g/dl | 20 (25%) | 38 (27.9%) | ||
PLT level
| ||||
<400 | 40 (50%) | 66 (48.5% | 1.06 (0.61-1.85) | 0.835 |
≥400 | 40 (50%) | 70 (51.5%) |
Foetal haemoglobin levels
Clinical features | Patients with High HbF levels (≥10%) N = 80(%) | Patients with low HbF levels (<10%) N = 136 (%) | OR (95% CI) | p value |
---|---|---|---|---|
History of dactylitis
| ||||
Present | 53 (66.3%) | 106 (77.9%) | ||
Absent | 27 (33.7%) | 30 (22.1%) | 1.80 (0.97-3.53) | 0.060 |
Age at onset of dactylitis
| ||||
<1 year | 37 (69.8%) | 78 (73.6%) | ||
≥ 1 year | 16 (30.2%) | 28 (26.4%) | 1.20 (0.57-2.50) | 0.617 |
Age at diagnosis
| ||||
≤ 1 year | 31 (38.8%) | 54 (40%) | ||
> 1 year | 49 (61.2%) | 81 (60%) | 1.05 (0.59-1.86) | 0.857 |
Hospitalisations in past year
| ||||
No | 40 (50%) | 63 (46.3%) | 1.16 (0.67-2.02) | 0.602 |
yes | 40 (50%) | 73 (53.7%) | ||
Transfusions in past year
| ||||
No | 62 (77.5%) | 92 (67.7%) | 1.65 (0.87-3.13) | 0.123 |
Yes | 18 (22.5%) | 44 (32.3%) | ||
Painful episodes in past year
| ||||
No | 27 (33.7%) | 41 (30.1%) | 1.18 (0.65-2.13) | 0.583 |
Yes | 53 (66.3%) | 95 (69.9%) | ||
History of stroke
| ||||
No | 76 (95%) | 123 (90.4%) | 2.00 (0.63-6.43) | 0.231 |
Yes | 4 (5%) | 13 (9.6%) |
Variable
| HbF Levels |
p-value
| Adjusted for age | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Pearson Coefficient
|
Pearson Coefficient
|
p-value
| ||
Age |
−0.299
|
0.000
|
-
|
-
|
Age at diagnosis of SCA | 0.047 | 0.245 |
0.151
|
0.013
|
Age at onset of dactylitis | −0.038 | 0.291 | 0.109 | 0.086 |
Number of hospitalisations since diagnosis |
−0.173
|
0.006
|
−0.135
|
0.024
|
Number of transfusions since diagnosis |
−0.181
|
0.004
|
−0.144
|
0.018
|
Number of intra-muscular injections received in past year |
−0.140
|
0.020
| −0.099 | 0.075 |
Number of hospitalizations in the past year | −0.068 | 0.161 | −0.104 | 0.064 |
Number of blood transfusions in the past year | −0.038 | 0.291 | −0.071 | 0.149 |
WBC Count | 0.074 | 0.138 | −0.023 | 0.367 |
Hb levels | −0.003 | 0.480 | 0.024 | 0.364 |
PLT levels | −0.105 | 0.061 | −0.105 | 0.062 |