Background
Methods
Literature and geoportal search
Concept 1: geoinformation | Concept 2: public health | Concept 3: spatial focus |
---|---|---|
“remote sens*” | *nutrition OR wasting OR stunting OR undernourish* | *Africa* |
GIS OR “geographic* information system*” | “food access” OR “food supply” OR “food production” OR “food *security” | |
spatial OR “space-time” OR geospatial geostat* |
Data screening
Data extraction and synthesis
Results
Authors (year) | Study objectives | Spatial analysis method(s) | Geodata | Scale of geodata/level of analysis | Retro- or prospective (time span for analysis) | Geographic region |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Balk et al.[23] |
Capture the effects of geographic and environmental variables on child hunger. Looking for causal relationships using micro-level data on a continental scale.
| - Spatial Statistics: Simple ordinary least squares (OLS) regression analysis
| - Agriculture | Local and regional data/Micro- and meso-level analysis | Retrospective (1995–2004) | African, Asian and Latin American countries |
- Climate | ||||||
- Health (+DHS*) | ||||||
- Infrastructure | ||||||
- Physiography | ||||||
- Politics | ||||||
- Population | ||||||
Grace et al.[19] |
Evaluate the relationship between climate variables and child malnutrition using a food security framework
| - Spatial Statistics: Multi-level linear regression model
| - Climate | Household and local data/Micro-level analysis | Retrospective and Prospective (1990–2039) | Kenya |
- DHS* | ||||||
- Livelihood | ||||||
- Zones | ||||||
- Population | ||||||
- Spatial Interpolation: Geostatistical interpolation using a moving window regression
| ||||||
Jankowska et al.[20] |
Examine and project climate and health trends in the African Sahel through the spatial coupling of climate data and health data in Mali.
| - Spatial Statistics: Multivariate linear regression analysis
| - Climate | Local and regional data/Meso-level analysis | Prospective (1960–2039) | Mali |
- DHS* | ||||||
- Livelihood | ||||||
- Zones | ||||||
- Physiography | ||||||
- Population | ||||||
- Spatial Interpolation: Geostatistical interpolation using a moving window regression
| ||||||
Kandala et al.[25] |
Investigate the geographical and socioeconomic determinants of childhood undernutrition. Explore regional patterns of undernutrition.
| - Spatial Statistics: Bayesian geo-additive regression model based on Markov priors
| - DHS* | Local data/Meso-level analysis | Retrospective (1992) | Malawi, Tanzania and Zambia |
- Socioeconomics | ||||||
Liu et al.[21] |
Spatially explicit assessment of current and future hotspots of food insecurity in SSA. Analyzing the impact of climate change on crop production.
| - Spatial Modeling: Simulate dynamics of agricultural production
| - Climate | Local and regional data/Meso-level analysis | Prospective (1990–2030) | Sub-Saharan Africa |
- DHS* | ||||||
- Economic | ||||||
- Population | ||||||
- Spatial Analysis: Hotspot analysis
| ||||||
Margai[22] |
Discuss the multi-dimensional causes of food insecurity conditions, analyze the relation- ships between food insufficiency and nutritional health outcomes among children, and identify the demographic, socio-economic and environmental correlates of these conditions.
| - Spatial Analysis: Road network distance analysis
| - Agriculture | Household and regional data/Meso-level analysis | Retrospective (1999) | Burkina Faso |
- Spatial Interpolation: Kriging algorithm
| - DHS* | |||||
- Spatial Statistics/Statistical Methods: Chi-square test, Logistic regression analysis
| - Infrastructure | |||||
Pawloski et al.[26] |
Examine geographic relationships of nutritional status, including underweight, overweight and obesity among Kenyan mothers and children.
| - Spatial Statistics: Getis–Ord General G Statistics, Gi* Statistic
| - DHS* | Local data/Meso-level analysis | Retrospective (2003/2006) | Kenya |
Rowhani et al.[18] |
Present the influence of the climate-induced changes of ecosystem resources on malnutrition and armed conflict.
| - Spatial Statistics: Logistic regression models
| - Agriculture | Local and regional data/Micro- and meso-level analysis | Retrospective (1946–2006) | Sudan, Ethiopia and Somalia |
- Economics | ||||||
- Health | ||||||
- Infrastructure | ||||||
- Politics | ||||||
Sherbinin[24] |
Determine if, when controlling for income and the health conditions, biophysical and geographical variables help to explain variation in the rates of child malnutrition.
| - Spatial Statistics: OLS Regression, Spatial Autocorrelation, Spatial Error (SE) model
| - Agriculture | Regional data/Meso-level analysis | Retrospective | Africa |
- Climate | ||||||
- Economics | ||||||
- Health (+DHS*) | ||||||
- Infrastructure | ||||||
- Physiography | ||||||
- Population |
Spatial dimension of malnutrition analyses
Method(s) for geographic information analysis of malnutrition in SSA
Spatial scales of malnutrition analyses
Relevant input geodata for malnutrition analyses
Thematic categories | Number of studies |
---|---|
Health
| 9 |
Climate
| 5 |
Population
| 5 |
Agriculture
| 4 |
Infrastructure
| 4 |
(Socio)-Economics
| 4 |
Topography
| 3 |
Livelihood Zones
| 2 |
Politics
| 1 |
Health
Climate
Population
Agriculture
Infrastructure
Livelihood zones
Web-based geoportals to explore malnutrition
Name | Organi-zation | Type of malnutrition data | Data format | Spatial scale of data |
---|---|---|---|---|
Complex Emergency Database (CE-DAT),[28] | CRED | Adult and child malnutrition indicators | - Web map | Regional and national |
- Downloadable ready-to-use map | ||||
- Downloadable GIS data product | ||||
Food Insecurity, Poverty and Environment Global GIS Database (FGGD),[32] | FAO | Malnutrition indicators | - Web map | National |
Global Database on Body Mass Index,[33] | WHO | BMI adults | - Web map | National |
Global database on the Implementation of Nutrition Action (GINA),[34] | WHO | Malnutrition indicators | - Web map | National |
Socioeconomic Data and Applications Center (SEDAC),[37] | CIESIN | Child malnutrition | - Web map | Regional and national |
- Downloadable ready-to-use map | ||||
The DHS Program: Spatial Data Repository,[36] | USAID | Maternal and child malnutrition indicators | - Downloadable GIS data product | Regional and national |
The DHS Program STATcompiler,[38] | USAID | Maternal and child malnutrition indicators | - Web map | Regional and national |
The Regional Strategic Analysis and Knowledge Support System (ReSAKSS),[35] | IFPRI | Adult and child malnutrition indicators | - Web map | National |