Introduction
Methods
Study design and participants
Instruments
EORTC-QLQ-C30
EORTC-QLQ- CX24
EQ-5D
Data collection procedures
Statistical analysis
Results
Sociodemographic and clinical characteristics
Variables | Number of patients (%) |
---|---|
Age category | |
25–54 | 230 (56.9) |
55–64 | 120 (29.70) |
> 65 | 54 (13.3) |
Marital status | |
Single | 5 (1.2) |
Married | 210 (52) |
Divorced | 69 (19.1) |
Widowed | 11 (29.0) |
Religion | |
Orthodox | 264 (65.3) |
Protestant | 78 (19.3) |
Muslim | 54 (13.4) |
Others | 2 (0.5) |
Educational status | |
Unable to read and write | 281 (69.6) |
Informal education | 28 (6.9) |
Primary education | 42 (10.4) |
Secondary education | 37 (9.2) |
Higher education | 16 (4) |
Occupation status | |
Government | 23 (5.7) |
Private | 10 (2.5) |
Merchant | 41 (10.1) |
Retired | 9 (2.2) |
Farmer | 144 (35.6) |
Housewife | 164 (40.6) |
Othersa | 13 (3.2) |
Average monthly household income (Ethiopian Birr) | |
< 600 | 177 (43.8) |
> 600 | 217 (53.7) |
FIGO Stage | |
Unknown | 11 (2.70) |
Stage I | 10 (2.5) |
Stage II | 132 (31.90) |
Stage III | 108 (26.70) |
Stage IV | 144 (35.60) |
Duration of diagnosis | |
< 12 months | 261 (64.6) |
1–5 years | 130 (32.2) |
> 5 years | 12 (3.0) |
Comorbid conditions | |
None | 345 (85.4) |
Hypertension | 20 (5.0) |
HIV/AIDS | 28 (6.9) |
Othersb | 10 (2.4) |
Treatment taken | |
None | 133 (32) |
Surgery | 15 (3.7) |
Chemotherapy | 16 (4.0) |
Radiotherapy | 171 (42.3) |
Surgery and Chemotherapy | 10 (2.5) |
Chemotherapy and Radiotherapy | 38 (9.4) |
Surgery, Chemotherapy and Radiotherapy | 21 (5.2) |
Health-related quality of life
EORTC QLQ- C30 | Item Numbers | Mean + SD | |
---|---|---|---|
EORTC QLQ-C30 | Global health status/QoL | 29, 30 | 48.3 ± 23.77 |
Functional domains | |||
Physical functioning | 1–5 | 53.0 ± 26.05 | |
Role functioning | 6,7 | 47.15 ± 34.05 | |
Emotional functioning | 21–24 | 57.13 ± 34.50 | |
Cognitive functioning | 20,25 | 79.8 ± 26.12 | |
Social functioning | 26,27 | 40.38 ± 30.93 | |
Symptom domains | |||
Fatigue | 10,12,18 | 57.2 ± 28.1 | |
Nausea and vomiting | 14,15 | 21.7 ± 30.12 | |
Pain | 9,19 | 59 ± 30.07 | |
Dyspnea | 8 | 30.8 ± 32.10 | |
Insomnia | 11 | 46.69 ± 39.25 | |
Loss of appetite | 13 | 54.45 ± 39.28 | |
Constipation | 16 | 53.96 ± 40.78 | |
Diarrhea | 17 | 7.43 ± 21.73 | |
Financial difficulty | 28 | 68.89 ± 35.42 | |
EORTC QLQ-CX24 | Functional domains | ||
Body image | 45–47 | 50.27 ± 38.76 | |
Sexual activity | 49 | 6.12 ± 19.70 | |
Sexual enjoyment | 54 | 44.7 ± 30.37 | |
Sexual/Vaginal functioning | 50–53 | 64.56 ± 29.75 | |
Symptom domains | |||
Symptom experience | 31–37,38,41–43 | 42.59 ± 22.5 | |
Lymphedema | 38 | 12.76 ± 27.7 | |
Peripheral neuropathy | 40 | 42.39 ± 39.27 | |
Menopausal symptom | 44 | 55.77 ± 35.64 | |
Sexual worry | 48 | 55.77 ± 35.64 |
Mean score differences of EORTC QLQ-C30 and QLQ-CX24 scales with demographic and clinical characteristics
Predictors of health-related quality of life
Variables | Global health status/QoL, n (%) | Odds Ratio (95% CI) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Affected | Unaffected | COR | AOR | |
Stage of cancer | ||||
Stage I | 7 (2.1) | 3 (4.8) | 1.33 (0.21–8.28) | |
Stage II | 100 (29.5) | 29 (46.0) | 1.97 (0.53–7.20) | |
Stage III | 91 (26.8) | 17 (27.0) | 3.05 (0.80–11.60) | |
Stage IV | 134 (39.5) | 10 (15.9) | 7.65 (1.91–30.63) | |
Unknown | 7 (2.1) | 4 (6.3) | 1.00 | |
Treatment | ||||
None | 119 (35) | 14 (21.9) | 3.09 (0.867–11.02) | |
Chemotherapy | 15 (4.4) | 1 (1.6) | 5.45 (0.53–55.80) | |
Radiotherapy | 143 (42.1) | 28 (43.8) | 1.85 (0.55–6.25) | |
Surgery and Chemotherapy | 5 (1.5) | 5 (7.8) | 0.36 (0.67–1.19) | |
Chemotherapy and Radiotherapy | 31 (9.1) | 7 (10.9) | 1.61 (3.94–6.58) | |
Surgery, Chemotherapy and Radiotherapy | 16 (4.7) | 5 (7.8) | 1.16 (0.25–5.33) | |
Surgery | 11 (3.2) | 4 (6.3) | 1.00 | |
Time since diagnosis | ||||
Less than 12 Month | 227 (67) | 1 (1.0) | 5.45 (0.53–55.80) | |
1–5 years | 108 (31.9) | 22 (34.4) | 9.81 (2.71–35.48) | |
Above 5 years | 4 (1.2) | 8 (12.5) | 1 | |
Physical functioning | 297 (87.4) | 25 (39.1) | 10.77 (5.94–19.54) | 4.98 (2.16–11.49) |
43 (12.6) | 39 (60.9) | 1.00 | 1.00 | |
Role functioning | 290 (85.3) | 21 (32.8) | 11.8 (6.50–21.68) | |
50 (14.7) | 43 (67.2) | 1.00 | ||
Emotional functioning | 227 (66.8) | 15 (23.4) | 6.52 (3.52–12.20) | 5.25 (2.26–12.17) |
113 (33.2) | 49 (76.6) | 1.00 | 1.00 | |
Cognitive functioning | 134 (39.4) | 10 (15.6) | 3.51 (1.72–7.13) | |
206 (60.6) | 54 (84.4) | 1.00 | ||
Social functioning | 316 (92.9) | 30 (46.9) | 14.92 (7.84–28.38) | |
24 (7.1) | 34 (53.1) | 1.00 | ||
Fatigue | 313 (92.1) | 27 (42.2) | 15.88 (8.43–29.91) | |
27 (7.9) | 37 (57.8) | 1.00 | ||
Nausea and vomiting | 132 (38.8) | 6 (9.4) | 6.13 (2.57–14.61) | |
208 (61.2) | 58 (90.6) | 1.00 | ||
Pain | 318 (93.5) | 25 (39.1) | 22.54 (11.62–43.73) | 5.79 (2.30–14.57) |
22 (6.5) | 39 (60.9) | 1.00 | 1.00 | |
Dyspnea | 212 (62.4) | 14 (21.9) | 5.91 (3.14–11.12) | |
128 (37.6) | 50 (78.1) | 1.00 | ||
Insomnia | 250 (73.5) | 25 (39.1) | 4.33 (2.48–7.5) | |
90 (26.5) | 39 (60.9) | 1.00 | ||
Loss of appetite | 273 (80.3) | 26 (40.6) | 5.95 (3.38–10.48) | |
67 (19.7) | 38 (59.4) | 1.00 | ||
Constipation | 256 (75.3) | 25 (39.1) | 4.75 (2.71–8.31) | |
84 (24.7) | 39 (60.9) | 1.00 | ||
Diarrhea | 47 (13.8) | 2 (3.1) | 4.97 (1.17–21.01) | |
293 (86.2) | 62 (96.9) | 1 | ||
Financial difficulty | 306 (90) | 41 (64.1) | 5.04 (2.71–9.39) | |
34 (10.0) | 23 (35.9) | 1.00 | ||
Body image | 242 (71.2) | 22 (34.4) | 4.71 (2.67–8.30) | |
98 (28.8) | 42 (65.6) | 1.00 | ||
Sexual activity | 334 (98.5) | 61 (95.3) | 3.28 (0.76–14.10) | |
5 (1.5) | 3 (4.7) | 1.00 | ||
Sexual functioning | 16 (57.1) | 4 (30.8) | 3.00 (0.74–12.11) | |
12 (42.) | 9 (69.2%) | 1.00 | ||
Symptom experience | 279 (85.8) | 16 (27.6) | 15.92 (8.27–30.64) | 4.58 (1.95–10.79) |
46 (14.2) | 42 (72.4) | 1.00 | 1.00 | |
Peripheral neuropathy | 222 (65.3) | 25 (39.1) | 2.93 (1.69–5.08) | |
118 (34.7) | 39 (60.9) | 1.00 | ||
Menopausal symptoms | 285 (83.8) | 34 (53.1) | 4.57 (2.58–8.08) | |
55 (16.2) | 30 (46.9) | 1.00 |