Introduction
Methods
Participants and procedure
HRQOL
SRH
Ethical consideration
Results
Participants
Sample | Swedena | ||
---|---|---|---|
n | Percent | Percent | |
Sex | |||
Female | 1266 | 48% | 49.7% |
Male | 1361 | 51.7% | 50.3% |
Age | |||
18–24 | 142 | 5.7% | 13.8%b |
25–34 | 451 | 16.2% | 17% |
35–44 | 388 | 13.9% | 15.2% |
45–54 | 512 | 18.3% | 16% |
55–64 | 489 | 17.5% | 13.8% |
65+ | 498 | 17.8% | 24.2% |
Income | |||
< 4000 SEK | 77 | 3% | |
4–12,999 SEK | 268 | 10.3% | |
13–18,999 SEK | 267 | 10.3% | |
19–25,999 SEK | 356 | 13.8% | |
26–36,999 SEK | 752 | 29% | |
37–54,999 SEK | 617 | 23.7% | |
> 55,000 SEK | 192 | 7.4% | |
Education | |||
Primary and secondary education | 97 | 3.7% | 17.14% |
Upper secondary | 773 | 29.4% | 42.9% |
Post-secondary less than 3 years | 1005 | 38.2% | 14.5% |
Post-secondary more than 3 years | 698 | 26.6% | 21.7% |
Post graduate/PhD | 56 | 2.1% | 1.1% |
Birthplace | |||
Sweden | 2510 | 95.3% | |
other country in Europe | 90 | 3.4% | |
outside of Europe | 35 | 1.3% | |
Living area | |||
Large cityc | 999 | 37.9% | |
Large town | 739 | 28.1% | |
Town | 548 | 20.8% | |
Village/countryside | 314 | 11.9% | |
Abroad | 34 | 1.3% |
HRQOL
PWB (0–28) | SWB (0–28) | EWB (0–24) | FWB (0–28) | FACT-GP (0–108) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total (N = 2791) | |||||
Mean | 22.9 | 17.5 | 18.8 | 18.5 | 77.7 |
Standard deviation | 4.9 | 6.6 | 5.0 | 6.4 | 18.5 |
Percentage at floor | 0.1 | 0.9 | 0.3 | 0.2 | 0.1 |
Percentage at ceiling | 13.7 | 3.9 | 21.3 | 5.3 | 0.2 |
Min score | 1.17 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 15.1 |
25th percentile | 21 | 14.0 | 16.5 | 14.0 | 66.0 |
50th percentile (median) | 24.5 | 18.2 | 19.5 | 19.8 | 81.0 |
75th percentile | 26.8 | 22.4 | 22.5 | 23.3 | 92.1 |
Max score | 28 | 28 | 24 | 28 | 108 |
Cronbach’s alpha | .82 | .81 | .77 | .88 | .92 |
Males (n = 1361) | |||||
Mean | 23.8 | 16.8 | 19.7 | 18.7 | 78.9 |
Standard deviation | 4.4 | 6.7 | 4.7 | 6.3 | 18.0 |
Percentage at floor | 0.2 | 1.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.1 |
Percentage at ceiling | 16.6 | 2.8 | 26.5 | 5.9 | 0.8 |
Min score | 2.3 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 15.1 |
25th percentile | 22.2 | 12.6 | 18.0 | 15.2 | 68.9 |
50th percentile (median) | 24.5 | 18.2 | 21.0 | 19.8 | 82.0 |
75th percentile | 26.8 | 22.4 | 24.0 | 23.3 | 92.4 |
Max score | 28.0 | 28.0 | 24.0 | 28.0 | 108.0 |
Females (n = 1266) | |||||
Mean | 22.0*** | 18.3*** | 18.0*** | 18.3 | 76.6** |
Standard deviation | 5.3 | 6.4 | 5.2 | 6.4 | 18.9 |
Percentage at floor | 0.1 | 0.6 | 0.4 | 0.2 | 0.1 |
Percentage at ceiling | 10.5 | 5.4 | 16.2 | 4.7 | 0.2 |
Min score | 1.2 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 17.1 |
25th percentile | 18.7 | 14.0 | 15.0 | 14.0 | 64.2 |
50th percentile (median) | 23.3 | 19.6 | 19.5 | 19.8 | 79.5 |
75th percentile | 25.7 | 22.8 | 22.5 | 23.3 | 91.7 |
Max score | 28.0 | 28.0 | 24.0 | 28.0 | 108.0 |
PWB | SWB | EWB | FWB | FACT-GP | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Raw score | T-score | Raw score | T-score | Raw score | T-score | Raw score | T-score | Raw score | T-score | Raw score | T-score |
n.a | 0 | 23.7 | 0 | 12.4 | 0 | 21.2 | 11 | 16.8 | 48 | 42.0 | |
1 | 6.1 | 1 | 25.9 | 1 | 15.4 | 1 | 23.0 | 12 | 17.4 | 49 | 42.7 |
2 | 8.5 | 2 | 28.1 | 2 | 18.4 | 2 | 24.9 | 13 | 18.1 | 50 | 43.4 |
3 | 10.9 | 3 | 30.2 | 3 | 21.4 | 3 | 26.7 | 14 | 18.8 | 51 | 44.1 |
4 | 13.2 | 4 | 32.4 | 4 | 24.4 | 4 | 28.5 | 15 | 19.5 | 52 | 44.7 |
5 | 15.6 | 5 | 34.6 | 5 | 27.4 | 5 | 30.3 | 16 | 20.2 | 53 | 45.4 |
6 | 17.9 | 6 | 36.7 | 6 | 30.4 | 6 | 32.2 | 17 | 20.8 | 54 | 46.1 |
7 | 20.3 | 7 | 38.9 | 7 | 33.4 | 7 | 34.0 | 18 | 21.5 | 55 | 46.8 |
8 | 22.7 | 8 | 41.1 | 8 | 36.4 | 8 | 35.8 | 19 | 22.2 | 56 | 47.5 |
9 | 25.0 | 9 | 43.2 | 9 | 39.4 | 9 | 37.6 | 20 | 22.9 | 57 | 48.2 |
10 | 27.4 | 10 | 45.4 | 10 | 42.4 | 10 | 39.5 | 21 | 23.6 | 58 | 48.8 |
11 | 29.8 | 11 | 47.6 | 11 | 45.4 | 11 | 41.3 | 22 | 24.3 | 59 | 49.5 |
12 | 32.1 | 12 | 49.7 | 12 | 48.4 | 12 | 43.1 | 23 | 24.9 | 60 | 50.2 |
13 | 34.5 | 13 | 51.9 | 13 | 51.4 | 13 | 44.9 | 24 | 25.6 | 61 | 50.9 |
14 | 36.9 | 14 | 54.0 | 14 | 54.4 | 14 | 46.8 | 25 | 26.3 | 62 | 51.6 |
15 | 39.2 | 15 | 56.2 | 15 | 57.4 | 15 | 48.6 | 26 | 27.0 | 63 | 52.2 |
16 | 41.6 | 16 | 58.4 | 16 | 60.4 | 16 | 50.4 | 27 | 27.7 | 64 | 52.9 |
17 | 43.9 | 17 | 60.5 | 17 | 52.2 | 28 | 28.4 | 65 | 53.6 | ||
18 | 46.3 | 18 | 62.7 | 18 | 54.1 | 29 | 29.0 | 66 | 54.3 | ||
19 | 48.7 | 19 | 64.9 | 19 | 55.9 | 30 | 29.7 | 67 | 55.0 | ||
20 | 51.0 | 20 | 67.0 | 20 | 57.7 | 31 | 30.4 | 68 | 55.7 | ||
21 | 53.4 | 21 | 59.5 | 32 | 31.1 | 69 | 56.3 | ||||
22 | 55.8 | 22 | 61.4 | 33 | 31.8 | 70 | 57.0 | ||||
23 | 58.1 | 23 | 63.2 | 34 | 32.5 | 71 | 57.7 | ||||
24 | 60.5 | 24 | 65.0 | 35 | 33.1 | 72 | 58.4 | ||||
36 | 33.8 | 73 | 59.1 | ||||||||
37 | 34.5 | 74 | 59.8 | ||||||||
38 | 35.2 | 75 | 60.4 | ||||||||
39 | 35.9 | 76 | 61.1 | ||||||||
40 | 36.5 | 77 | 61.8 | ||||||||
41 | 37.2 | 78 | 62.5 | ||||||||
42 | 37.9 | 79 | 63.2 | ||||||||
43 | 38.6 | 80 | 63.8 | ||||||||
44 | 39.3 | 81 | 64.5 | ||||||||
45 | 40.0 | 82 | 65.2 | ||||||||
46 | 40.6 | 83 | 65.9 | ||||||||
47 | 41.3 | 84 | 66.6 |
Sociodemographic factors
PWB | SWB | EWB | FWB | FACT-GP | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
M | SD | M | SD | M | SD | M | SD | M | SD | |
Sex | ||||||||||
Female | 22.0 | 5.2 | 18.3 | 6.4 | 18.0 | 5.2 | 18.3 | 5.2 | 76.6 | 18.9 |
Male | 23.8 | 4.4 | 16.8 | 6.7 | 19.7 | 4.7 | 18.7 | 6.3 | 78.9 | 18.0 |
Age | ||||||||||
18–24 | 23.2 | 3.9 | 18.1 | 6.6 | 17.4 | 4.9 | 18.5 | 5.7 | 77.1 | 16.6 |
25–34 | 21.9 | 5.0 | 16.4 | 6.8 | 17.0 | 5.3 | 16.9 | 6.4 | 72.1 | 18.3 |
35–44 | 22.3 | 5.0 | 16.3 | 6.6 | 18.4 | 4.8 | 17.3 | 5.9 | 74.4 | 17.5 |
45–54 | 22.5 | 5.5 | 17.3 | 6.7 | 19.0 | 5.0 | 18.3 | 6.5 | 77.1 | 19.4 |
55–64 | 23.0 | 5.0 | 18.2 | 6.5 | 19.6 | 5.0 | 19.4 | 6.7 | 80.1 | 19.3 |
65+ | 24.3 | 3.9 | 18.7 | 6.1 | 20.2 | 4.3 | 20.0 | 5.8 | 83.3 | 16.4 |
Income | ||||||||||
< 4000 SEK | 20.9 | 5.7 | 15.5 | 7.5 | 16.0 | 5.1 | 14.6 | 7.4 | 67.1 | 20.4 |
4–12,999 SEK | 20.8 | 5.5 | 16.1 | 7.2 | 16.0 | 5.5 | 15.7 | 6.8 | 68.7 | 20.0 |
13–18,999 SEK | 21.2 | 5.6 | 16.4 | 7.0 | 17.3 | 5.7 | 15.8 | 6.7 | 70.6 | 20.2 |
19–25,999 SEK | 22.8 | 4.7 | 17.1 | 6.4 | 18.9 | 4.8 | 18.3 | 6.0 | 77.0 | 17.2 |
26–36,999 SEK | 22.8 | 4.8 | 17.6 | 6.5 | 19.3 | 4.7 | 18.7 | 6.1 | 78.4 | 18.8 |
37–54,999 SEK | 24.2 | 3.8 | 18.2 | 6.2 | 19.8 | 4.4 | 20.1 | 5.5 | 82.4 | 16.0 |
> 55,000 SEK | 25.1 | 3.6 | 19.3 | 5.5 | 20.9 | 3.7 | 22.1 | 4.9 | 87.3 | 14.1 |
Education | ||||||||||
Elementary | 21.4 | 5.3 | 16.1 | 6.9 | 17.4 | 5.8 | 16.3 | 7.2 | 71.1 | 20.6 |
High school | 22.8 | 5.1 | 17.1 | 6.9 | 18.8 | 5.2 | 18.2 | 6.6 | 76.9 | 19.4 |
Vocational/associate/other | 23.1 | 4.6 | 17.4 | 6.6 | 19.4 | 4.7 | 18.8 | 6.0 | 78.8 | 17.6 |
College < 3 years | 22.8 | 5.0 | 17.3 | 6.7 | 18.9 | 5.1 | 18.2 | 6.5 | 77.3 | 19.2 |
College > 3 years | 23.0 | 4.8 | 18.2 | 6.1 | 18.6 | 4.8 | 19.0 | 6.0 | 78.8 | 17.3 |
Graduate/PhD | 24.2 | 3.6 | 18.0 | 5.2 | 19.2 | 4.5 | 19.9 | 5.3 | 81.2 | 12.8 |
Birthplace | ||||||||||
Sweden | 22.9 | 4.9 | 17.5 | 6.5 | 18.9 | 5.0 | 18.5 | 6.3 | 77.7 | 18.4 |
other country in Europe | 22.6 | 5.2 | 16.7 | 7.3 | 18.6 | 5.4 | 18.1 | 6.9 | 75.9 | 21.2 |
outside of Europe | 23.9 | 3.9 | 19.0 | 6.2 | 18.9 | 4.1 | 19.5 | 5.0 | 81.4 | 15.2 |
Living area | ||||||||||
Large citya | 23.1 | 4.8 | 17.9 | 6.4 | 18.8 | 5.0 | 18.8 | 6.2 | 78.6 | 18.1 |
Large town | 22.9 | 4.8 | 17.3 | 6.7 | 18.6 | 5.2 | 18.2 | 6.4 | 77.0 | 18.9 |
Town | 22.6 | 5.1 | 17.0 | 6.7 | 18.9 | 4.8 | 18.1 | 6.5 | 76.5 | 18.9 |
Village/countryside | 22.7 | 5.0 | 17.4 | 6.7 | 19.5 | 4.7 | 18.5 | 6.3 | 78.1 | 18.1 |
Abroad | 24.1 | 4.1 | 17.6 | 5.7 | 18.9 | 5.1 | 20.7 | 6.0 | 81.3 | 16.4 |
SRH
(1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | (5) | (6) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1. PWB | ||||||
2. SWB | .34*** | |||||
3. EWB | .64*** | .37*** | ||||
4. FWB | .69*** | .58*** | .64*** | |||
5. FACT-GP | .79*** | .75*** | .79*** | .91*** | ||
6. SRH | .68*** | .43*** | .59*** | .71*** | .73*** |