Background
Methods
Setting
Patient selection
Data sources and data processing
Derived variables and definitions
Statistical analyses
Results
HEMS mission characteristics
Variable | Islands N = 1,023 | Mainland N = 4,753 | Total N = 5,776 |
---|---|---|---|
Missions, total | |||
Attended Transported | 100 (9.8) 923 (90.2) | 1,802 (37.9) 2,951 (62.1) | 1,902 (32.9) 3,874 (67.1) |
Mission duration in minutes, median (Q1,Q3) | 113 [94,138] | 98 [61,128] | – |
Season | |||
Autumn Winter Spring Summer | 228 (22.3) 138 (13.5) 255 (24.9) 402 (39.3) | 1,080 (22.7) 851 (17.9) 1,356 (28.5) 1,466 (30.8) | 1,308 (22.7) 989 (17.1) 1,611 (27.9) 1,868 (32.3) |
Time of day (shift) | |||
Daytime Evening Nighttime | 494 (48.3) 394 (38.5) 135 (13.2) | 2,665 (56.1) 1,617 (34.0) 471 (9.9) | 3,159 (54.7) 2,011 (34.8) 606 (10.5) |
NACA score as assessed by HEMS staff | |||
0 No injury or disease, missing 1 Minor disturbance—no intervention 2 Slight/moderate disturbance 3 Moderate/severe disturbance 4 Serious/potential life-threatening disorder 5 Acute life-threatening disorder 6 Acute life-threatening disorder incl manifest organ failure 7 Death | 5 (0.5) 20 (2.0) 120 (11.7) 523 (51.1) 264 (25.8) 42 (4.1) 26 (2.5) 23 (2.2) | 15 (0.3) 70 (1.5) 333 (7.0) 1,240 (26.1) 1,609 (33.9) 543 (11.4) 474 (10.0) 469 (9.9) | 20 (0.4) 90 (1.6) 453 (7.8) 1,763 (30.5) 1,873 (32.4) 585 (10.1) 500 (8.7) 492 (8.5) |
Naca score as assessed by HEMS staff, dichotomized | |||
NACA 0–3, non-critical emergency, total NACA 0–3, non-critical emergency, island tourists NACA 0–3, non-critical emergency, island inhabitants NACA 4–7, critical emergency, total NACA 4–7, critical emergency, island tourists NACA 4–7, critical emergency, island inhabitants | 668 (65.3) 199 (71.6) 426 (63.3) 355 (34.7) 79 (28.4) 244 (36.4) | 1658 (34.9) – – 3095 (65.1) – – | 2326 (40.3) – – 3450 (59.7) – – |
Disease category | |||
Cardiovascular Trauma Neurology Other Missing | 285 (27.9) 157 (15.4) 154 (15.1) 356 (34.8) 71 (6.9) | 2,030 (42.7) 1,212 (25.5) 766 (16.1) 591 (12.4) 154 (3.2) | 2,315 (40.1) 1,369 (23.7) 920 (15.9) 947 (16.4) 225 (3.9) |
Interventions performed during contact* | |||
Intubation Blood transfusion I.O access Ultrasound examination Mechanical chest compression Thoracotomy (too few to report) | 61 (6.0) 7 (0.7) 10 (1.0) 82 (8.0) 21 (2.1) | 1,051 (22.1) 141 (3.0) 321 (6.8) 1,125 (23.7) 379 (8.0) | 1,112 (19.3) 148 (2.6) 331 (5.7) 1,207 (20.9) 400 (6.9) |
Sociodemographic factors, comorbidity and use of healthcare services
Variable | Islands | Mainland | Total N = 5,365 | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Missions N = 948 | Background population January 2016 N = 59,361 | Missions N = 4,417 | Background population January 2016 N = 5,647,891 | Missions N = 5,365 | Background population January 2016 (total) N = 5,707,252 | ||
“Tourists” N = 278 | Inhabitants N = 670 | ||||||
Gender | |||||||
Female Male | 109 (39.2) 169 (60.8) | 274 (40.9) 396 (59.1) | 29,819 (50.2) 29,542 (49.8) | 1,426 (32.3) 2991 (67.7) | 2,839,545 (50,3) 2,808,346 (49,7) | 1,809 (33.7) 3,556 (66.3) | 2,869,364 (50.3) 2,837,888 (49.7) |
Agegroup | |||||||
0–15 16–30 31–65 66 + | 27 (9.7) 32 (11.5) 124 (44.6) 95 (34.2) | 27 (4.0) 24 (3.6) 242 (36.1) 377 (56.3) | 8,277 (13.9) 6,951 (11.7) 27,610 (46.5) 16,523 (27.8) | 359 (8.2) 457 (10.4) 1,979 (44.8) 1,622 (36.7) | 1,021,124 (18,1) 1,090,562 (19,3) 2,544,698 (45,1) 991,507 (17,6) | 413 (7.7) 513 (9.6) 2,345 (43.7) 1094 (39.0) | 1,029,401 (18.0) 1,097,513 (19.2) 2,572,308 (45.1) 1,008,030 (17.7) |
Cohabitation status | |||||||
Cohabiting Living alone | 192 (69.1) 86 (30.9) | 395 (59.0) 275 (41.0) | 38,569 (65.0) 20,792 (35,0) | 2,829 (64.0) 1,588 (36.0) | 3,759,970 (66.6) 1,887,921 (33,4) | 3,416 (63.7) 1,949 (36.3) | 3,798,539 (66.6) 1,908,713 (33.4) |
Employment* | |||||||
Employed Unemployed Student Retired Other | 102 (42.5) 30 (12.5) ** 99 (41.3) 9 (3.8) | 127 (20.0) 111 (17.5) ** 384 (60.4) 14 (2.2) | 22,657 (45,6) 6,855 (13,8) 1,460 (2,9) 17,664 (35,5) 1,063 (2,1) | 1,520 (38.0) 652 (16.3) ** 1,667 (41.7) 156 (3.9) | 2,417,643 (53.8) 583,963 (13.0) 328,923 (7.3) 1,027,813 (22.9) 131,751 (2.9) | 1,749 (35.9) 793 (16.3) ** 2,150 (44.1) 179 (3.7) | 2,440,300 (53.8) 590,818 (13.0) 330,383 (7.3) 1,045,477 (23.0) 132,814 (2.9) |
Education* | |||||||
Elementary Short Medium/long Missing | 57 (23.8) 102 (42.5) 75 (31.3) 6 (2.5) | 276 (43.4) 245 (38.5) 83 (13.1) 32 (5.0) | 18,147 (36,5) 22,671 (45,6) 8.881 (17,9) - | 1,663 (41.6) 1,707 (42.7) 480 (12.0) 145 (3.6) | 1,400,470 (31.2) 2,014,787 (44,9) 1,074,836 (23,9) - | 1,996 (41.0) 2,054 (42.2) 638 (13.1) 183 (3.8) | 1,418,617 (31.2) 2,037,458 (44.9) 1,083,717 (23.9) - |
Income quintiles* | |||||||
1, (lowest) 2 3 4 5 (highest) | 39 (16.3) 53 (22.1) 37 (15.4) 53 (22.1) 58 (24.2) | 210 (33.0) 197 (31.0) 102 (16.0) 83 (13.1) 44 (6.9) | 12,544 (25,2) 12,124 (24,4) 10,413 (21,0) 8,744 (17,6) 5,874 (11,8) | 1099 (27.5) 992 (24.8) 753 (18.8) 654 (16.4) 497 (12.4) | 895,419 (19.9) 895,831 (20.0) 897,546 (20.0) 899,214 (20.0) 902,083 (20.1) | 1,348 (27.7) 1,242 (25.5) 892 (18.3) 790 (16.2) 599 (12.3) | 907,963 (20.0) 907,955 (19.8) 907,959 (20.0) 907,958 (20.0) 907,957 (20.0) |
Comorbidity | |||||||
None Mild Severe | 180 (64.7) 50 (18.0) 48 (17.3) | 310 (46.3) 130 (19.4) 230 (34.3) | 47,243 (79,6) 6,114 (10,3) 6,004 (10,1) | 3,010 (68.1) 607 (13.7) 800 (18.1) | 4,806,843 (85.1) 446,932 (7.9) 394,116 (7.0) | 3,500 (65.2) 787 (14.7) 1078 (20.1) | 4,854,086 (85.1) 453,046 (7.9) 400,120 (7.0) |
GP contact the year before HEMS mission | |||||||
Yes No | 248 (89.2) 30 (10.8) | 619 (92.4) 51 (7.6) | 49,417 (83,2) 9,944 (16,8) | 3,872 (87.7) 545 (12.3) | 4,654,682 (82.4) 993,209 (17.6) | 4,739 (88.3) 626 (11.7) | 4,704,099 (82.4) 1,003,153 (17.6) |
Hospital contact the year before HEMS mission | |||||||
Yes No | 163 (58.6) 115 (41.4) | 437 (65.2) 233 (34.8) | 30,093 (50,7) 29,268 (49,3) | 2,494 (56.5) 1,923 (43.5) | 2,373,605 (42.0) 3,274,286 (58.0) | 3,094 (57.7) 2,271 (42.3) | 2,403,698 (42.1) 3,303,554 (57.9) |