Background
Methods
Participants
Randomization
Variable | DIL group (n = 39) Values are mean (SD) or n (n%) within group | INJ group (n = 37) Values are mean (SD) or n (n%) within group |
---|---|---|
Age (years) | 52 (7) | 51 (6) |
Female
| 26 (67%) | 19 (51%) |
Duration (months) | 7 (4) | 7 (4) |
Left shoulder
| 16 (41%) | 20 (54%) |
Previous FS (other shoulder) | 8 (21%) | 9 (24%) |
Patients with other shoulder problems previously
| 12 (31%) | 21 (57%) |
Patients who are smokers
| 10 (26%) | 13 (35%) |
Patients undergoing physiotherapy
| 5 (13%) | 8 (22%) |
Patients taking analgesics (daily) | 11 (28%) | 9 (24%) |
Patients on sick leave
| 15 (39%) | 25 (68%) |
Interventions
INJ
DIL
Follow-up and assessment of outcome
Statistical analyses
Minimal clinical difference and sample size
Results
Patient flow
Treatment effects
Variable | Simple regression (variables analyzed separately) | Multiple regression (full model) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Coefficients | 95% CI | Coefficients | 95% CI | |
Treatment
(INJ coded 0, DIL coded 1) | 1 | (-9 to 11) | 3 | (-5 to 11) |
Gender
(female coded 0, male coded 1) | -1 | (-11 to 9) | 3 | (-5 to 11) |
Age
(years) |
0.9
|
(0.1 to 1.7)
| 0.4 | (-0.2 to 1.0) |
Baseline SPADI score
|
0.7
|
(0.5 to 0.9)
|
0.9
|
(0.7 to 1.1)
|
Baseline pain medication
(< 1 tablet/day coded 0, 1 tablet/day or more coded 1) | 3 | (-8 to 14) |
-14
|
(-23 to -4)
|
Sick leave at baseline
("No" coded 0, "Yes" coded 1) | -1 | (-11 to 9) | -5 | (-14 to 3) |
Previous shoulder problems
(other than capsulitis) ("No" coded 0, "Yes" coded 1) | -3 | (-13 to 7) | -4 | (-12 to 4) |
Duration of condition at baseline
(< 6 months coded 0, 6 months or more coded 1) | -8 | (-18 to 2) | 0 | (-8 to 7) |
Movement | Baseline Mean (SD) | Change Mean (SD) or Mean (95% CI) | Follow-up Mean (SD) or Mean (95% CI) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
DIL | INJ | DIL | INJ | Group diff. | DIL | INJ | Group diff. | |
SPADI
| 59 (20) | 63 (20) |
-39 (21)
|
-38 (22)
|
-1 (-11 to 9)
| 20 (17) | 26 (19) | -6 (-14 to 2) |
Passive abduction
| 31 (11) | 31 (11) |
14 (12)
|
14 (10)
|
-1 (-6 to 4)
| 44 (12) | 46 (13) | -2 (-8 to 4) |
Passive forward flexion
| 46 (17) | 48 (14) |
15 (18)
|
16 (13)
|
-1 (-8 to 6)
| 61 (13) | 65 (12) | -3 (-9 to 2) |
Passive ext. rotation
| 16 (14) | 19 (13) |
11 (14)
|
10 (11)
|
1 (-5 to 6)
| 27 (17) | 29 (16) | -2 (-10 to 5) |
Passive int. rotation
| 32 (13) | 34 (14) |
13 (10)
|
15 (12)
|
-2 (-7 to 3)
| 45 (12) | 48 (15) | -3 (-9 to 4) |
Active abduction
| 55 (20) | 57 (21) |
31 (30)
|
26 (33)
|
5 (-10 to 19)
| 86 (34) | 83 (37) | 4 (-13 to 20) |
Active forward flexion
| 89 (25) | 87 (24) |
28 (31)
|
29 (28)
|
-1 (-15 to 12)
| 117 (28) | 116 (30) | 1 (-12 to 15) |
Active ext. rotation
| 22 (16) | 23 (15) |
18 (16)
|
14 (12)
|
3 (-3 to 10)
| 39 (20) | 37 (17) | 3 (-6 to 11) |
Active int. rotation
| 45 (16) | 46 (15) |
22 (16)
|
21 (15)
|
2 (-5 to 9)
| 68 (17) | 66 (18) | 1 (-7 to 9) |