Introduction
Methods
Study design and data collection
Ventricular tachycardia
Serum glucose levels
Study population
Data analysis
Results
Baseline patient characteristics
Characteristics | < 140 mg/dl (n = 1949) | ≥ 140 mg/dl (n = 2191) | p-value |
---|---|---|---|
Age (median [IQR], years) | 69 [57–81] | 74 [63–82] |
< 0.001
|
Age (%) |
< 0.001
| ||
< 55 | 20.7 | 11.9 | |
55–64 | 20.4 | 16.3 | |
65–74 | 20.2 | 23.9 | |
≥ 75 | 38.8 | 48.0 | |
Men (%) | 62.0 | 54.4 |
< 0.001
|
White (%) | 93.0 | 92.5 | 0.58 |
Medical history (%) | |||
Coronary artery disease | 32.6 | 42.9 |
< 0.001
|
Chronic lung disease | 15.6 | 19.2 |
0.002
|
Chronic kidney disease | 16.5 | 24.3 |
< 0.001
|
Diabetes | 16.3 | 53.7 |
< 0.001
|
Heart failure | 17.1 | 28.1 |
< 0.001
|
Hypertension | 70.3 | 79.6 |
< 0.001
|
Hypercholesterolemia | 61.8 | 62.6 | 0.59 |
Stable angina | 13.9 | 15.3 | 0.23 |
Stroke/transient ischemic attack | 12.2 | 16.0 |
< 0.001
|
Findings at admission | |||
Pulse (median [IQR], beat/min) | 78 [67–92] | 88 [74–104] |
< 0.001
|
Systolic blood pressure (median [IQR], mmHg) | 141 [122–161] | 140 [119–161] | 0.18 |
Troponin I (median [IQR], ng/ml) | 0.51 [0.10–3.50] | 0.50 [0.10–3.70] | 0.72 |
Potassium (median [IQR], mmol/l) | 4.1 [3.8–4.5] | 4.2 [3.9–4.7] |
< 0.001
|
Calcium (median [IQR], mg/dl) | 9.1 [8.7–9.5] | 9.0 [8.7–9.4] |
0.002
|
WBCC (median [IQR], 109 cell/l) | 8.9 [7.2–11.2] | 10.4 [7.9–13.4] |
< 0.001
|
ST segment elevation | 29.8 | 31.8 | 0.16 |
In hospital complications (%) | |||
Acute kidney injury | 10.4 | 19.3 |
< 0.001
|
Atrial fibrillation | 16.7 | 22.1 |
< 0.001
|
Cardiogenic shock | 2.4 | 6.5 |
< 0.001
|
Heart failure | 25.9 | 45.5 |
< 0.001
|
Treatment during hospitalization (%) | |||
Aspirin | 94.4 | 91.6 |
< 0.001
|
ACE-I/ARBs | 67.7 | 73.3 |
< 0.001
|
Antiarrhythmic agents | 14.6 | 18.9 |
< 0.001
|
Beta blockers | 92.3 | 90.9 | 0.10 |
Lipid lowering agents | 77.2 | 74.1 |
0.018
|
Thrombolytic therapy | 2.3 | 2.4 | 0.74 |
Percutaneous coronary intervention | 51.6 | 42.0 |
< 0.001
|
CABG | 7.1 | 6.9 | 0.80 |
Length of stay (median [IQR], days) | 4 [2–6] | 4 [3–7] |
< 0.001
|
Serum glucose levels and incidence of ventricular tachycardia
Type of VT | VT (IR) | Odd ratio (95% confidence interval) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Unadjusted | Multivariable adjusted | ||||
< 140 mg/dl | ≥ 140 mg/dl | < 140 mg/dl | ≥ 140 mg/dl | ||
All episodes of VT | 652 (15.7%) | Reference |
1.28 (1.08–1.51)
| Reference |
1.48
a
(1.23–1.78)
|
Early onset VT | 434 (10.5%) | Reference | 1.21 (0.99–1.48) | Reference |
1.39
b
(1.11–1.73)
|
Late onset VT | 218 (5.32%) | Reference |
1.42 (1.07–1.87)
| Reference | 1.19c (0.89–1.59) |
Population | VT/n | Odd ratio (95% Confidence interval) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Unadjusted | Multivariable adjusted| | ||||
< 140 mg/dl | ≥ 140 mg/dl | < 140 mg/dl | ≥ 140 mg/dl | ||
Diabetes status | |||||
Diabetic | 216/1494 | Reference |
1.66 (1.11–2.47)
| Reference |
1.72 (1.15–2.57)
|
Nondiabetic | 436/2646 | Reference |
1.36 (1.10–1.67)
| Reference |
1.41 (1.14–1.74)
|
AMI type | |||||
STEMI | 281/1277 | Reference | 1.17 (0.90–1.53) | Reference |
1.32 (1.00–1.73)
|
NSTEMI | 371/2863 | Reference |
1.33 (1.07–1.66)
| Reference |
1.30 (1.04–1.63)
|
Serum glucose levels (mg/dl) | Diabetes previously diagnosed (+) % developing | Diabetes not previously diagnosed (−) % developing | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n | All episodes of VT | Early onset VT | Late onset VT | n | All episodes of VT | Early onset VT | Late onset VT | |
< 120 | 185 | 9.7 | 6.5 | 3.2 | 996 | 13.7 | 9.8 | 3.8 |
120–139 | 132 | 10.6 | 6.1 | 4.6 | 636 | 16.7 | 11.0 | 5.7 |
140–159 | 129 | 20.9 | 14.0 | 7.0 | 382 | 17.5 | 12.6 | 5.0 |
160–179 | 136 | 22.8 | 14.7 | 8.1 | 235 | 20.9 | 13.2 | 7.7 |
> 180 | 912 | 13.8 | 8.2 | 5.6 | 397 | 19.7 | 13.6 | 6.1 |