Background
Methods
Study design and clinical specimens
Fungal species identification
Antifungal susceptibility testing
Statistical analysis
Results
Cancer Type | Count | Candidiasis / Colonization | Species | Prophylaxis | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Anamorph | Teleomorph | |||||
Total (%) | Sex (M/F) | |||||
Basal Cell Carcinoma | 1 (0.6%) | 0/1 | 0/1 | C. albicans (1) | Unknown | 1 |
Breast Cancer | 10 (6.1%) | 0/10 | 3/7 | C. albicans (9) | - | 1 |
C. krusei (1) | Pichia kudriavzevii (1965) | |||||
Bronchial Adenoma | 1 (0.6%) | 1/0 | 0/1 | C. albicans (1) | – | – |
Congestive Heart Failure | 1 (0.6%) | 0/1 | 0/1 | C. albicans (1) | – | – |
Colorectal Cancer | 18 (11.1%) | 9/9 | 3/15 | C. albicans (7) | - | 1 |
C. glabrata (5) | Unknown | |||||
C. kefyr (3) | Kluyveromyces marxianus (1971) | |||||
C. dubliniensis (2) | Unknown | |||||
C. lusitaniae (1) |
Clavispora lusitaniae
| |||||
Nasopharyngeal Cancer | 1 (0.6%) | 1/0 | 1/0 | C. albicans (1) | – | – |
Esophagus Cancer | 6 (3.7%) | 2/4 | 0/6 | C. glabrata (3) | - | – |
C. albicans (2) | - | |||||
C. krusei (1) | Pichia kudriavzevii (1965) | |||||
Gastric Cancer | 13 (8.0%) | 8/5 | 2/11 | C. albicans (8) | - | 2 |
C. glabrata (2) | - | |||||
C. dubliniensis (1) | - | |||||
C. tropicalis (1) | Unknown | |||||
Saprochata capitata (1) | Unknown | |||||
Hepatocellular Carcinoma | 5 (3.1%) | 2/3 | 1/4 | C. albicans (3) | - | 1 |
C. glabrata (2) | - | |||||
Renal Cell Carcinoma | 1 (0.6%) | 1/0 | 0/1 | C. albicans (1) | – | – |
Lung Carcinoma | 13 (8.0%) | 10/3 | 3/10 | C. albicans (10) | - | – |
C. glabrata (3) | - | |||||
Lymphoma | 83 (51.2%) | 57/26 | 20/63 | C. albicans (32) | - | 16 |
C. glabrata (22) | - | |||||
C. krusei (14) | Pichia kudriavzevii (1965) | |||||
C. tropicalis (6) |
-
| |||||
C. dubliniensis (3) |
-
| |||||
C. kefyr (3) | Kluyveromyces marxianus (1971) | |||||
C. eremophila (1) |
Pichia kluyveri
| |||||
C. parapsilosis (1) | Unknown | |||||
C. robusta (1) |
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
| |||||
Nasopharyngeal Cancer | 2 (1.2%) | 2/0 | 0/2 | C. glabrata (2) | – | – |
Pancreatic Cancer | 1 (0.6%) | 1/0 | 0/1 | C. albicans (1) | – | – |
Prostate Cancer | 1 (0.6%) | 1/0 | 0/1 | C. albicans (1) | – | – |
Sarcoma | 1 (0.6%) | 1/0 | 0/1 | C. glabrata (1) | – | – |
Uterine Cancer | 4 (2.5%) | 0/4 | 0/4 | C. albicans (4) | – | – |
Total | 162 (≈100%) | 95/67 | 33/129 | C. albicans (82) | - | 22 |
C. glabrata (40) | - | |||||
C. krusei (16) | Pichia kudriavzevii (1965) | |||||
C. tropicalis (7) | - | |||||
C. dubliniensis (6) | - | |||||
C. kefyr (6) | Kluyveromyces marxianus (1971) |
Risk factors | P-value | Odds ratio | 95% CI |
---|---|---|---|
Xerostomia | 0.019 | 4.994 | 1.288–18.452 |
Poor oral hygiene | 0.014 | 2.734 | 1.207–6.261 |
Antifungal susceptibility profiles
(No. of strains) | Antifungal agent | MIC μg/ml | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
MIC range | MIC50 | MIC90 | GM | MODE | ||
All clinical strains (n = 157) | Fluconazole | 0.063–64 | 2 | 8 | 1.65 | 4 |
Amphotericin B | 0.016–16 | 1 | 4 | 0.50 | 1 | |
Caspofungin | 0.008–8 | 0.5 mg/ml | 2 μg/ml | 0.34 | 0.5 | |
Anidulafungin | 0.008–1 | 0.063 | 0.5 | 0.06 | 0.063 | |
C. albicans (n = 82) | Fluconazole | 0.063–64 | 0.5 | 8 | 0.80 | 0.5 |
Amphotericin B | 0.016–16 | 1 | 4 | 0.62 | 1 | |
Caspofungin | 0.008–8 | 0.25 | 1 | 0.22 | 0.5 | |
Anidulafungin | 0.008–0.25 | 0.031 | 0.125 | 0.03 | 0.016 | |
C. dubliniensis (n = 6) | Fluconazole | 0.063–0.125 | 0.125 | 0.125 | 0.11 | 0.125 |
Amphotericin B | 0.016–2 | 0.031 | 2 | 0.09 | 0.031 | |
Caspofungin | 0.25–2 | 0.5 | 2 | 0.5 | 0.5 | |
Anidulafungin | 0.008–0.125 | 0.125 | 0.25 | 0.07 | 0.016 | |
C. glabrata (n = 40) | Fluconazole | 0.25–64 | 8 | 64 | 7.08 | 4 |
Amphotericin B | 0.016–4 | 1 | 2 | 0.62 | 1 | |
Caspofungin | 0.008–2 | 0.5 | 2 | 0.40 | 1 | |
Anidulafungin | 0.016–1 | 0.063 | 1 | 0.12 | 1 | |
C. krusei (= Pichia kudriavzevii) (n = 16) | Fluconazole | 0.25–64 | 8 | 64 | 7.33 | 4 |
Amphotericin B | 0.063–2 | 0.5 | 1 | 0.59 | 1 | |
Caspofungin | 0.063–4 | 2 | 4 | 1.13 | 1 | |
Anidulafungin | 0.016–0.25 | 0.125 | 0.25 | 0.07 | 0.25 | |
C. tropicalis (n = 7) | Fluconazole | 0.063–8 | 4 | 8 | 0.63 | 0.063 |
Amphotericin B | 0.031–2 | 1 | 2 | 0.39 | 2 | |
Caspofungin | 0.031–8 | 0.5 | 8 | 0.39 | 0.25 | |
Anidulafungin | 0.008–0.063 | 0.063 | 0.063 | 0.063 | 0.063 | |
C. kefyr = (Kluyveromyces marxianus) (n = 6) | Fluconazole | 0.25–32 | 4 | 32 | 2.82 | 4 |
Amphotericin B | 0.016–1 | 0.5 | 1 | 0.15 | 0.5 | |
Caspofungin | 0.125–0.05 | 0.25 | 0.5 | 0.25 | 0.125 | |
Anidulafungin | 0.031–0.063 | 0.063 | 0.5 | 0.04 | 0.063 |
Strains | Antifungal agent | MIC (μg/ml) |
---|---|---|
C. parapsilosis
| Fluconazole | 0.25 |
Amphotericin B | 0.125 μg/ml | |
Caspofungin | 4 | |
Anidulafungin | 0.25 | |
Pichia kluyveri
(Candida eremophila) | Fluconazole | 0.5 |
Amphotericin B | 1 | |
Caspofungin | 4 | |
Anidulafungin | 0.25 | |
Clavispora lusitaniae
(Candida lusitaniae) | Fluconazole | 0.5 |
Amphotericin B | 0.016 | |
Caspofungin | 2 | |
Anidulafungin | 0.25 | |
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
| Fluconazole | 0.5 |
Amphotericin B | 0.016 | |
Caspofungin | 4 | |
Anidulafungin | 0.25 | |
Saprochaete capitata
| Fluconazole | 1 |
Amphotericin B | 4 | |
Caspofungin | 0.125 | |
Anidulafungin | 0.016 |