Background
Methods
Criteria for inclusion and exclusion
Types of studies
Types of participants
Types of outcome measures
Search methods
Methods of review
Study selection
Risk of bias assessment
Data extraction
Data analysis and statistics
Results
Description of studies
Risk of Bias (RoB) assessment
Cross sectional studies | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Participation | Attrition | Prognostic Factor | Outcome | Risk of bias: + = high +/− = moderate - = low | |
Piperno 1997 [16] | Moderate | Moderate | Low | Moderate | +/− |
Brisby [17] | High | Low | Low | Moderate | +/− |
Sugimori [18] | High | Low | Moderate | Low | +/− |
Cheng [19] | Moderate | Low | Low | Moderate | +/− |
Xue [20] | Moderate | Low | Low | Moderate | +/− |
Peng [21] | Moderate | Low | Moderate | Low | – |
Palada [22] | Low | Low | Low | Low | – |
Longitudinal studies | |||||
Schistadt [15] | Low | Moderate | Low | Low | – |
Stürmer [23] | Low | Moderate | Low | Low | – |
Andrade [24] | High | Low | Low | Moderate | +/− |
Andrade [25] | High | Low | Low | Moderate | +/− |
Pedersen [26] | Low | High | Low | Moderate | +/− |
Wang [27] | Low | Low | Low | Moderate | – |
Moen [28] | Low | Moderate | Low | Low | – |
Zu [29] | Low | Moderate | Low | Low | – |
Chen [30] | Moderate | Moderate | Low | Moderate | +/− |
Biomarkers
Clinical features in relationship to biomarkers
Study | Age (yr) | Duration (months) | Source | Technique | Marker | Clin O | Ass |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Piperno [16] | 40 + − 13 | 20 + −26 | serum | Degradation | PhosA2 | VAS | no |
Brisby [17] | N | 92 (5–390)a | serum CSF | ELISA | Il-8 | VAS | r = −0,48 |
Sugimor [18] | 26.4 (16–39) | N | serum | Latex agl | hsCRP | JOA | r = −0,583 |
Cheng [19] | 44 (30–72) | N | serum | ELISA | Il-17 | VAS | r = 0,458 |
Xue [20] | 52 (21–70) | N | serum NP Biopsy | mRNA qPCR | Il-21 | VAS | r = 0,809 |
Peng [21] | 34.2 (+ − 5.8)b | 4.5 (1–22) | serum | Western blot | CX3CL1 | VAS | r = 0, 393 |
serum | Western blot | CX3CL1 | JOA | r = − 0,342 | |||
serum | Western blot | CCL2 | VAS | r = 0, 360 | |||
serum | Western blot | CCL2 | JOA | r = −0,375 | |||
Palada [22] | 41.13 (15–65) | > 1 month | serum | mRNA qPCR | Il-6 | VAS | r = 0,380 |
CSF | mRNA qPCR | Il-8 | VAS | r = 0,395 | |||
serum | mRNA qPCR | MCP1 | VAS | r = 0,515 |
Study | Age (yr) | Duration (weeks) | Source | Technique | Substance | Clin O | Ass |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Schistad [15] | 41.3 (10) | 20.3 (19.9) | serum | ELISA | Il-6 | VAS | B = 0,64a |
Sturmer [23] | 44.8 (12.4) | acuteb | serum | latex agl | hsCRP | VAS > 4 | aOR = 3,4c |
Andrade [24] | 49 | N | NP Biopsy | mRNA qPCR | TNFa | VAS | r = 0,65 |
AF Biopsy | mRNA qPCR | TNFa | VAS | r = 0,06 | |||
LF Biopsy | mRNA qPCR | TNFa | VAS | r = 0,29 | |||
Andrade [25] | 41 | 13–26 | NP Biopsy | mRNA qPCR | IL-6 | VAS | r = 0,23 |
NP Biopsy | mRNA qPCR | IL-1b | VAS | r = 0,05 | |||
NP Biopsy | mRNA qPCR | IL-6 | VAS | r = −0,11 | |||
NP Biopsy | mRNA qPCR | IL-1b | VAS | r = 0,03 | |||
Pedersen [26] | 39.3 (18–58) | 32.3 + − 4.5 | serum | ELISA | IL-6 | VAS | F(1.0, 118) = 9,7 |
serum | ELISA | IL-8 | VAS | F(1.0, 118,0) = 6,9 | |||
Wang [27] | 37 + −13.3)d | 48 (+ − 29) | serum | ELISA | IL-6 | ODI | r = 0,394 |
serum | ELISA | TNFa | ODI | r = 0,629 | |||
serum | ELISA | IL-10 | ODI | r = 0,415 | |||
serum | ELISA | IL-8 | ODI | r = −0,133 | |||
Moen [28] | 40 (9) | > 8 | serum | PEA | inflammation score | VAS | positive Linear discriminant analysis |
Zu [29] | 34.0 + −12.3e | 48 (+ − 29)c | serum | ELISA | TNFa | ODI + VAS > 3 | r = 0,2 |
serum | ELISA | TNFa | ODI + VAS < 3 | r = 0,37 | |||
serum | ELISA | IL-4 | ODI + VAS > 3 | r = 0,09 | |||
serum | ELISA | IL-4 | ODI + VAS < 3 | r = 0,08 | |||
Chen [30] | 51.3 + −24.4 | N | NP biopsy | Western blot | IL-21 | VAS | r = 0.834 |