Background
Methods
Protocol
Eligibility criteria for additional search
Outcome measures
Additional analysis and information sources
-
Disease:“periodontics” OR “periodontal disease”
-
Intervention:“non-surgical therapy” OR “surgical therapy” OR “dental scaling” OR “root planing” OR “dental-prophylaxis” OR “initial therapy” OR “debridement” OR “nonsurgical” OR “non-surgical” OR “periodo*” OR “gingivectomy” OR “periodontal pocket surgery” OR “surgical flaps” OR “modified Widman flap” OR “access” OR “Kirkland” OR “osseous surgery” OR “apically repositioned” OR “coronally”
-
Study design:“longitudinal studies” OR “comparative study” OR “clinical trial”
Influence of maintenance on therapy
Quality assessment
Summary of measures
Evaluation of the maintenance programs
Results
Study selection
Postoperative controls | Antiseptics Application | A: 1 + 2 weeks B: 3 + 4 weeks C: 5+ weeks | Maintenance protocol in the first 2 months | 1: ≤ 2x 2: ≥ 3x | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Study | Antiseptic | Galenic formulation | Application frequency | Duration | Category | Supragingival cleaning | Intervals (weeks) | Category |
Pihlstrom & Ortiz 1981 | n.r. | yes | Recall frequency varied, 3–4x/yr | 1 | ||||
Lindhe & Westfeldt 1982 | CHX | 0.2 % | 2x/d | 2 weeks | A | yes | 6 month every 2nd week, then 3 month rec for 18 month | 2 |
Pihlstrom & McHugh 1983 | n.r. | yes | Recall 3–4x/yr | 1 | ||||
Lindhe & Westfeldt 1984 | yes | 6 month every 2nd week, then 3 month rec for 18 month | 2 | |||||
Pihlstrom & Oliphant 1984 | n.r. | yes | Recall frequency varied, 3–4x/yr | 1 | ||||
Isidor & Karring 1984 | CHX | 0.2 % | 2x/d | 2 weeks | A | yes | 2 year 1, professional prophylaxis 3-monthly year 2, 6-monthly years 3, 4 & 5 – subgingival debridement | 2 |
Lindhe & Nyman 1985 | CHX | 0.2 % | 2x/d | 2 weeks | A | yes | every 2nd week for 12 weeks, 3 month recall | 2 |
Kaldahl & Kalkwarf 1996 | n.r. | yes | 3 month intervals | 1 | ||||
Isidor & Karring 1986 | CHX | 0.2 % | 2x/d | 2 weeks | A | yes | 2 year 1, professional prophylaxis 3-monthly year 2, 6-monthly years 3, 4 & 5 – subgingival debridement | 2 |
Ramfjord & Caffesse 1987 | n.r. | yes | 1,2,3,4, then every 3 months | 2 | ||||
Kaldahl et al. 1988 | n.r. | yes | 2,4,7 (subgingival plaque removal) | 2 | ||||
Kalkwarf et al1988 | n.r. | yes | 1,2,4,7, then 3 month recall | 2 | ||||
Kalkwarf et al. 1989 | n.r. | yes | 1,2,4,7, then 3 month recall | 2 | ||||
Serino et al. 2001 | CHX | 0.2 % | 2x/d | 2 months | C | yes | 3–4x/year, re-examinations after 1, 3, 5, 13 years | 1 |
Description of study maintenance protocol
Postoperative controls | Antiseptics Application | A: 1 + 2 weeks B: 3 + 4 weeks C: 5+ weeks | Maintenance protocol in the first 2 months | 1: ≤ 2x 2: ≥ 3x | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Study | Antiseptic | Galenic formulation | Application frequency | Duration | Category | Supragingival cleaning | Intervals (weeks) | Category |
Van Winkelhoff et al. 1992 | n.r. | n.r. | clinical measurements at 3 to 9 months (4.9 ± 2 months) | |||||
Winkel et al. 1998 | n.r. | hygiene instructions | week 21 | 1 | ||||
Müller et al. 1998 | CHX | 0.10 % | n. r. | 2 weeks | A | n.r. | clinical measurements at 3 months | |
Flemmig et al. 1998 | CHX | 0.06 % | 1x/d | 8 days | A | yes | 10 days, 3, 6, 9 and 12 months | 1 |
Berglundh et al. 1998 | n.r. | n.r. | clinical parameters at 2 and 12 months | |||||
Winkel et al. 2001 | n.r. | yes | week 6 | 1 | ||||
Ehmke et al. 2003 | CHX | 0.06 % | 1x/d | 8 days | A | yes | 3, 6, 9, 12, 18, 24 months | 1 |
Guerrero et al. 2005 | CHX | 0.2 % | 2x/d | 2 weeks | A | yes | 2 and 6 months | 1 |
Mombelli et al. 2005 | n.r. | yes | 10 days, 2, 6 and 12 months | 1 | ||||
Ehmke et al. 2005 | CHX | 0.06 % | 1x/d | 8 days | A | yes | 3, 6, 9, 12, 18, 24 months | 1 |
Xajigeorgiou et al. 2006 | n.r. | yes | week 6 | 1 | ||||
Giannopoulou et al. 2006 | n.r. | n.r. | clinical parameters at 10 days, 2, 6 and 12 months | |||||
Moeintaghavi et al. 2007 | n.r. | n.r. | ||||||
Kaner et al. 2007 | CHX | 0.2 % | 2x/d | 2 weeks | A | yes | 3 and 6 months | 1 |
Moreira et al. 2007 | CHX | 0.12 % | 2x/d | 2 months | C | yes | 3 month | 1 |
Guerrero et al. 2007 | CHX | 0.12 % | 2x/d | 2 weeks | A | yes | 2 months | 1 |
Machtei et al. 2008 | n.r. | oral hygiene motivation | every 2nd week for 3 months | 2 | ||||
Johnson et al. 2008 | CHX | 0.12 % | 2x/d | 30 days | C | n.r. | clinical parameters at 3 and 6 months | |
Akincibay et al. 2008 | n.r. | n.r. | clinical measurements at 30, 60, 90 days | |||||
Valenza et al. 2009 | n.r. | yes | 2, 6 and 12 months | 1 | ||||
Del Peloso et al. 2009 | n.r. | yes | every month for 6 months | 1 | ||||
Cionca et al. 2009 | CHX | 0.2 % | 2x/d | 10 days | A | yes | 1 week, 3 and 6 months | 1 |
Yek et al. 2010 | n.r. | yes | monthly up to 6 months | 1 | ||||
Cionca et al. 2010 | CHX | 0.2 % | 2x/d | 10 days | A | yes | 1 week, 3 and 6 months | 1 |
Mestnik et al. 2010 | CHX | 0.12 % | 2x/d | 60 days | C | n.r. | clinical measurements at 3 months | |
Heller et al. 2011 | CHX | 0.12 % | 2x/d | 45 days | C | yes | 3 months | 1 |
Rodrigues et al. 2011 | n.r. | yes | 1, 3 and 6 months | 1 | ||||
Silva et al. 2011 | n.r. | n.r. | clinical measurements at 3 months | |||||
Varela et al. 2011 | CHX | 0.12 % | 2x/d | 45 days | C | yes | 3 months | 1 |
Baltacioglu et al. 2011 | n.r. | n.r. | clinical measurements at 2 months | |||||
Aimetti et al. 2012 | CHX | 0.2 % | 2x/d | 2 months | C | yes | every 2nd week for 6 weeks, then every 2 months up to 6 months | 2 |
Casarin et al. 2012 | n.r. | n.r. | clinical measurements at 3 and 6 months | |||||
Goodson et al. 2012 | CHX | 0.12 % | 2x/d | 2 weeks | A | yes | 3, 6, 12, 18, 24 months | 2 |
Oliveira et al. 2012 | CHX | 0.12 % | 2x/d | 60 days | C | n.r. | clinical measurements at 6 months |
Postoperative controls | Antiseptics Application | A: 1 + 2 weeks B: 3 + 4 weeks C: 5+ weeks | Maintenance protocol in the first two months | 1: ≤ 2x 2: ≥ 3x | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Study | Antiseptic | Galenic formulation | Application frequency | Duration | Category | Supragingival cleaning | Intervals (weeks) | Category |
Yukna et al. 1985 | n.r. | n.r. | n.r. | n.r. | yes | at 10, 20 and 30 days and 3, 6, 9 and 12 months | 2 | |
Cortellini et al. 1995a | CHX | 0.2 % | 2x/d | 3 weeks | B | yes | 1,2,3,4,5,6 (and after membran removal 1,2,3,4) | 2 |
Mora & Ouhayoun 1995 | CHX | 0.2 % | n.r. | 10 days | A | yes | every 10 days for the 1st month, 2x a month for months 2 and 3 and then every 3 months for 9 months | 2 |
Cortellini et al. 1996 | CHX | 0.2 % | 2x/d | 3 weeks in the MWF group 2 months bioresorbable gr 6 weeks in the ePTFE gr | yes | 1,2,3,4,5,6, then every month for 12 months | 2 | |
Tonetti et al. 1996 | CHX | 0.2 % | 2x/d | 3 weeks | B | yes | weekly for 6 weeks. After membran removal weekly for 4 weeks, then monthly up to 12 months | 2 |
Mora et al. 1996 | CHX | 0.2 % | 2x/d | 4 weeks | B | yes | weekly 4 weeks, professional maintenance regimen after membran removal until 12 month | 2 |
Zamet et al. 1997 | CHX | 0.2 % | 2x/d | 4 weeks | B | yes | 1,2,3,4, then every 4 weeks up to 3 months and then every 3 months up to 1 yr | 2 |
Heijl et al. 1997 | CHX | 0.2 % | n.r. | 4–6 weeks | C | n.r. | n.r. | |
Mayfield et al. 1998 | CHX | 0.2 % | 2x/d | 6 weeks (test) 3 w (controlgr.) | B | yes | weekly for 4 weeks, then monthly until 6 month, then every 4–6 weeks up to 1 yr | 2 |
Okuda et al. 2000 | CHX | 0.12 % | 3x/day | 6 weeks | C | yes | weekly for 6 weeks, then monthly up to 12 months | 2 |
Zybutz et al. 2000 | CHX | 0.12 % | 2x/d | 8 weeks | C | yes | 2,4,6,8,12 weeks | 2 |
Ratka-Kruger et al. 2000 | CHX | 0.2 % | 3x/day | 6 weeks | C | yes | at 3, 6 and 12 months | 1 |
Sculean et al. 2001 | CHX | 0.2 % | 2x/d | 6 weeks | C | yes | every 2nd week for 2 months, then monthly up to 12 months | 2 |
Zucchelli et al. 2002 | CHX | 0.12 % | 2x/d | 11 weeks | C | yes | Weekly for 11 weeks, then monthly up to 1 yr | 2 |
Tonetti et al. 2002 | CHX | 0.12 % | 2x/d | 4 weeks | B | yes | at weeks 1, 2, 3, 4, 6. Then 3,6,9 month recall | 2 |
Wachtel et al. 2003 | CHX | 0.2 % | 2x/d | 4 weeks | B | n.r. | n.r. | |
Sculean et al. 2003 | CHX | 0.2 % | 2x/d | 4 weeks | B | yes | every 2nd week for 2 months,then monthly up to 12 months | 2 |
Sculean et al. 2004 | CHX | 0.2 % | 2x/d | 6 weeks | C | yes | every 2nd week for 2 months,then monthly for the 1st yr, after 1st yr for 5 yrs every 3 months | 2 |
Tonetti et al. 2004 | CHX | 0.12 % | 2x/d | 4 weeks | B | yes | at weeks 1, 2, 3, 4, 6 and 8. Then at 3, 6 and 9 months | 2 |
Vouros et al. 2004 | CHX | 0.12 % | 2x/d | 4 weeks | B | yes | monthly up to 12 months | 1 |
Francetti et al. 2004 | CHX | 0.12 % | 2x/d | 6 weeks | C | yes | recall monthly during 1 yr, then at 18 and 24 month | 1 |
Francetti et al. 2005 | CHX | 0.12 % | 2x/d | 6 weeks | C | n.r. | n.r. | |
Aimetti et al. 2005 | CHX | 0.2 % | 2x/d | 3 weeks | B | yes | 1,2,3,4, then every month for 12 months | 2 |
Sculean et al. 2005 | CHX | 0.2 % | 2x/d | 4 weeks | B | yes | every 2nd week for 2 months,then monthly up to 12 months | 2 |
Sculean et al. 2007 | CHX | 0.2 % | 2x/d | 4 weeks | B | yes | every 2nd week for 2 months,then monthly up to 12 months after 1st yr for 5 yrs every 3 months | 2 |
Sculean et al. 2008 | CHX | 0.2 % | 2x/d | 6 weeks | C | yes | every 2nd week for 2 months,then once per month for 1 yr, then every 3 months for 10 yrs | 2 |
Kasaj et al. 2008 | CHX | 0.2 % | 2x/d | 4 weeks | B | yes | every 2 week for 2 months, after every 4 weeks | 2 |
Fickl et al. 2009 | n.r. | n.r. | ||||||
Stein et al. 2009 | CHX | 0.2 % | 2x/d | 4 weeks | B | yes | every 2nd week for 2 months,then monthly up to 12 months | 2 |
Cortellini et al. 2011 | CHX | 0.12 % | 2x/d | 4 weeks | C | yes | 1,2,3,4,5,6, then 3 month recall for 1 yr | 2 |
Duration of the use of antiseptics CHX | Number of recalls within the first 2 months Protocol | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
First 2 weeks (A) | Up to 4 weeks (B) | Up to 8 weeks (C) | ≤2 visits (1) | ≥3 visits (2) | |
Non-surgical only (n = 14) | 4 | - | 1 | 5 | 9 |
non-surgical plus systemic antibiotics (n = 34) | 10 | - | 7 | 20 | 2 |
Regenerative surgical procedures (n = 30) | 1 | 15 | 11 | 3 | 23 |