Background
Methods
Study setting
Study population
Data collection
Study outcomes
Baseline QFT positivity
QFT conversion
Statistical analysis
Baseline QFT positivity
Conversion analysis
Results
Study population
Definition 1 (≥0.2) | Definition 2a (≥0.35) | Definition 3 (≥0.7) | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Definition 1 (≥0.2 IU/ml) | Zambia n (%) | South Africa n (%) | Definition 2 (≥0.35 IU/ml)a | Zambia n (%) | South Africa n (%) | Definition 3 (≥0.7 IU/ml) | Zambia n (%) | South Africa n (%) | |
Positive | 735 (54) | 626 (76) | 669 (49) | 574 (70) | 599 (44) | 504 (61) | |||
Nil | ≤8.0 | ≤8.0 | ≤8.0 | ||||||
TBAgNil | ≥0.2 & (≥25% of Nil value) | ≥0.35 & (≥25% of Nil value) | ≥0.7 & (≥25% of Nil value) | ||||||
Negative | 445 (33) | 182 (22) | 495 (36) | 230 (28) | 551 (40) | 297 (36) | |||
Nil | ≤8.0 | ≤8.0 | ≤8.0 | ||||||
TBAgNil | < 0.2 or < 25% Nil | < 0.35 or < 25% Nil | < 0.7 or < 25% Nil | ||||||
MitogenNil | ≥0.5 | ≥0.5 | ≥0.5 | ||||||
Indeterminateb | all other values | 185 (14) | 14 (2) | all other values | 201 (15) | 18 (2) | all other values | 215 (16) | 21 (3) |
Determining QFT test cut-offs
Conversion definition 1a (< 0.35, ≥0.35) | Conversion definition 2 (< 0.2, ≥0.7) | Conversion definition 3 (< 0.2, ≥1.05) | Conversion definition 4 (< 0.2, ≥1.4) | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Eligible for analysis if negative at visit 1 | ||||
Nil | ≤8.0 | ≤8.0 | ≤8.0 | ≤8.0 |
TBAgNil | < 0.35 or < 25% Nil | < 0.2 or < 25% Nil | < 0.2 or < 25% Nil | < 0.2 or < 25% Nil |
MitogenNil | ≥0.5 | ≥0.5 | ≥0.5 | ≥0.5 |
Positive at visit 2 and/or visit 3 | ||||
Nil | ≤8.0 | ≤8.0 | ≤8.0 | ≤8.0 |
TBAgNil | ≥0.35 & ≥ 25% of Nil & absolute increase of ≥0.35 IU/mlover baseline value | ≥0.7 & ≥ 25% of Nil | ≥1.05 & ≥ 25% of Nil | ≥1.4 & ≥ 25% of Nil |
Negative at visit 2 and/or visit 3 | ||||
Nil | ≤8.0 | ≤8.0 | ≤8.0 | ≤8.0 |
TBAgNil | < 0.35 or < 25% Nil | < 0.7 or < 25% Nil | < 1.05 or < 25% Nil | < 1.4 or < 25% Nil |
MitogenNil | ≥0.5 | ≥0.5 | ≥0.5 | ≥0.5 |
or | ||||
Nil | ≤8.0 | |||
TBAgNil | ≥0.35 & ≥ 25% of Nil & absolute increase of < 0.35 IU/ml over baseline value | |||
MitogenNil | ≥0.5 | |||
Indeterminate | all other values | all other values | all other values | all other values |
Baseline results
Definition 1 | Definition 2a | Definition 3 | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(≥0.2 IU/ml) | (≥0.35 IU/ml) | (≥0.7 IU/ml) | |||||||
QFT positive (n) | total (n) | Adjusted OR (95%CI)b | QFT positive (n) | total (n) | Adjusted OR (95%CI)b | QFT positive (n) | total (n) | Adjusted OR (95%CI)b | |
Both countries | |||||||||
Total | 1361 (68) | 1988 | 1243 (63) | 1968 | 1103 (57) | 1951 | |||
HIV status | |||||||||
HIV negative | 1026 (72) | 1417 | 1 | 942 (67) | 1402 | 1 | 839 (60) | 1390 | 1 |
HIV positive, no ARV | 288 (58) | 496 | 0.5 (0.4–0.6) | 258 (53) | 491 | 0.5 (0.4–0.6) | 229 (47) | 489 | 0.5 (0.4–0.6) |
HIV positive & ARV | 30 (55) | 55 | 0.4 (0.2–0.8) | 28 (51) | 55 | 0.4 (0.3–0.8) | 21 (40) | 53 | 0.4 (0.2–0.8) |
Unknown | 17 (85) | 20 | 15 (75) | 20 | 14 (74) | 19 | |||
Zambia | |||||||||
Total | 735 (62) | 1180 | 669 (57) | 1164 | 599 (52) | 1150 | |||
HIV status | |||||||||
HIV negative | 529 (65) | 808 | 1 | 484 (61) | 797 | 1 | 435 (55) | 788 | 1 |
HIV positive, no ARV | 176 (55) | 321 | 0.5 (0.4–0.7) | 158 (50) | 316 | 0.5 (0.4–0.7) | 142 (45) | 314 | 0.5 (0.4–0.7) |
HIV positive & ARV | 18 (49) | 37 | 0.4 (0.2–0.8) | 16 (43) | 37 | 0.4 (0.2–0.8) | 12 (34) | 35 | 0.3 (0.2–0.7) |
Unknown | 12 (86) | 14 | 11 (79) | 14 | 10 (77) | 13 | |||
Region by TST prevalence | |||||||||
Lusaka, high TST | 249 (68) | 369 | 1 | 234 (64) | 363 | 1 | 217 (60) | 359 | 1 |
Urban, high TST | 207 (63) | 331 | 0.6 (0.4–0.9) | 186 (57) | 326 | 0.6 (0.4–0.9) | 158 (49) | 322 | 0.6 (0.4–0.9) |
Urban, low TST | 205 (57) | 357 | 0.5 (0.4–0.8) | 181 (52) | 350 | 0.5 (0.4–0.7) | 164 (48) | 345 | 0.5 (0.4–0.7) |
Rural, low TST | 74 (58) | 127 | 0.5 (0.3–0.9) | 68 (54) | 125 | 0.6 (0.3–0.9) | 60 (48) | 124 | 0.6 (0.3–0.9) |
South Africa | |||||||||
Total | 626 (77) | 808 | 574 (71) | 804 | 504 (63) | 801 | |||
HIV status | |||||||||
HIV negative | 497 (82) | 609 | 1 | 458 (76) | 605 | 1 | 404 (67) | 602 | 1 |
HIV positive, no ARV | 112 (64) | 175 | 0.4 (0.3–0.6) | 100 (57) | 175 | 0.4 (0.3–0.6) | 87 (50) | 175 | 0.4 (0.3–0.6) |
HIV positive & ARV | 12 (67) | 18 | 0.7 (0.2–2.0) | 12 (67) | 18 | 0.7 (0.2–2.0) | 9 (50) | 18 | 0.7 (0.2–2.1) |
Unknown | 5 (83) | 6 | 4 (67) | 6 | 4 (67) | 6 | |||
TST prevalence | |||||||||
High | 366 (80) | 460 | 1 | 338 (74) | 457 | 1 | 298 (65) | 455 | 1 |
Low | 260 (75) | 348 | 0.7 (0.5–1.0) | 236 (68) | 347 | 0.7 (0.5–1.0) | 206 (60) | 346 | 0.7 (0.5–1.0) |
Conversion results
Definition 1 (< 0.35, increase 0.35) n = 439 negative at V1 | Definition 2 (< 0.2, ≥0.7) n = 374 negative at V1 | Definition 3 (< 0.2, ≥1.05) n = 374 negative at V1 | Definition 4 (< 0.2, ≥1.4) n = 374 negative at V1 | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Incident events | Person years | Incident Rate (95%CI) | Incident events | Person years | Incident Rate (95%CI) | Incident events | Person years | Incident Rate (95%CI) | Incident events | Person years | Incident Rate (95%CI) | |
Both countries | ||||||||||||
Total | 175 | 7.5 | 23.2 (20.0–26.9) | 114 | 6.8 | 16.7 (13.9–20.0) | 93 | 7.0 | 13.1 (10.7–16.1) | 79 | 7.2 | 10.9 (8.7–13.6) |
End follow-up V1-V2 | 113 | 4.9 | 23.3 (19.3–27.9) | 72 | 4.2 | 17.0 (13.5–21.5) | 56 | 4.3 | 12.9 (9.9–16.8) | 46 | 4.4 | 10.4 (7.8–13.9) |
End follow-up V2-V3 | 62 | 2.7 | 23.1 (18.0–29.6) | 42 | 2.6 | 16.1 (11.9–21.8) | 37 | 2.7 | 13.5 (9.8–18.6) | 33 | 2.8 | 11.6 (8.2–16.3) |
HIV status contact* | ||||||||||||
HIV negative | 125 | 4.6 | 27.4 (22.9–32.6) | 78 | 4.1 | 19.0 (15.2–23.7) | 63 | 4.3 | 14.7 (11.5–18.8) | 53 | 4.4 | 12.0 (9.2–15.7) |
HIV positive, no ARV | 42 | 2.7 | 15.8 (11.7–21.4) | 30 | 2.4 | 12.3 (8.6–17.6) | 24 | 2.5 | 9.7 (6.5–14.4) | 22 | 2.5 | 8.8 (5.8–13.3) |
HIV positive & ARV | 6 | 0.3 | 20.2 (9.1–44.9) | 5 | 0.3 | 18.1 (7.5–43.4) | 5 | 0.3 | 17.3 (7.2–41.5) | 3 | 0.3 | 9.8 (3.2–30.5) |
Zambia | ||||||||||||
Total | 131 | 5.2 | 25.1 (21.1–29.8) | 87 | 4.9 | 17.6 (14.3–21.7) | 72 | 5.1 | 14.0 (11.1–17.7) | 63 | 5.2 | 12.0 (9.4–15.4) |
End follow-up V1-V2 | 77 | 3.1 | 25.1 (20.1–31.4) | 50 | 2.8 | 17.9 (13.6–23.7) | 38 | 2.9 | 13.3 (9.7–18.2) | 33 | 2.9 | 11.4 (8.1–16.1) |
End follow-up V2-V3 | 54 | 2.1 | 25.0 (19.2–32.7) | 37 | 2.1 | 17.2 (12.4–23.7) | 34 | 2.3 | 15.0 (10.7–21.0) | 30 | 2.3 | 12.8 (8.9–18.3) |
HIV status contact* | ||||||||||||
HIV negative | 93 | 3.0 | 30.7 (25.0–37.6) | 61 | 2.8 | 21.3 (16.6–27.4) | 50 | 2.9 | 16.7 (12.7–22.1) | 44 | 3.1 | 14.4 (10.7–19.3) |
HIV positive, no ARV | 31 | 1.9 | 16.1 (11.3–22.9) | 20 | 1.9 | 10.7 (6.9–16.6) | 16 | 1.9 | 8.4 (5.1–13.7) | 15 | 1.9 | 7.8 (4.7–13.0) |
HIV positive & ARV | 5 | 0.2 | 20.7 (8.6–49.7) | 5 | 0.2 | 24.6 (10.2–59.1) | 5 | 0.2 | 23.2 (9.6–55.7) | 3 | 0.2 | 12.9 (4.2–40.2) |
Region by TST prevalence | ||||||||||||
Lusaka, high TST | 49 | 1.5 | 33.0 (24.9–43.7) | 31 | 1.4 | 21.9 (15.4–31.2) | 27 | 1.5 | 18.1 (12.4–26.4) | 24 | 1.5 | 15.7 (10.5–23.5) |
Urban, high TST | 39 | 1.5 | 26.3 (19.2–35.9) | 27 | 1.4 | 19.5 (13.3–28.4) | 20 | 1.5 | 13.8 (8.9–21.4) | 18 | 1.5 | 12.2 (7.7–19.3) |
Urban, low TST | 29 | 1.7 | 17.5 (12.2–25.2) | 20 | 1.6 | 12.8 (8.2–19.9) | 16 | 1.6 | 9.9 (6.1–16.3) | 13 | 1.6 | 7.9 (4.6–13.7) |
Rural, low TST | 14 | 0.6 | 23.4 (13.9–39.5) | 9 | 0.6 | 15.3 (7.9–29.5) | 9 | 0.6 | 15.3 (7.9–29.5) | 8 | 0.6 | 13.4 (6.7–26.9) |
South Africa | ||||||||||||
Total | 44 | 2.3 | 18.9 (14.1–25.5) | 27 | 1.9 | 14.3 (9.8–20.8) | 21 | 1.9 | 10.8 (7.0–16.5) | 16 | 2.0 | 7.9 (4.9–13.0) |
End follow-up V1-V2 | 36 | 1.8 | 20.1 (14.5–27.8) | 22 | 1.4 | 15.3 (10.1–23.3) | 18 | 1.5 | 12.3 (7.7–19.5) | 13 | 1.5 | 8.6 (4.9–14.8) |
End follow-up V2-V3 | 8 | 0.5 | 15.2 (7.6–30.5) | 5 | 0.5 | 10.9 (4.6–26.4) | 3 | 0.5 | 6.3 (2.0–19.5) | 3 | 0.5 | 6.0 (1.9–18.6) |
HIV status contact* | ||||||||||||
HIV negative | 32 | 1.5 | 20.8 (14.7–29.4) | 17 | 1.2 | 13.6 (8.5–21.9) | 13 | 1.3 | 10.0 (5.8–17.3) | 9 | 1.4 | 6.7 (3.5–12.8) |
HIV positive, no ARV | 11 | 0.7 | 15.2 (8.4–27.4) | 10 | 0.6 | 17.6 (9.5–32.8) | 8 | 0.6 | 13.6 (6.9–27.6) | 7 | 0.6 | 11.9 (5.7–25.1) |
HIV positive & ARV | 1 | 0.1 | 17.9 (2.5–127.0) | 0 | 0.1 | N.A. | 0 | 0.1 | N.A. | 0 | 0.1 | N.A. |
TST prevalence | ||||||||||||
High | 27 | 1.1 | 25.1 (17.2–36.7) | 15 | 0.9 | 16.9 (10.2–28.1) | 11 | 0.9 | 11.8 (6.6–21.4) | 9 | 0.9 | 9.3 (4.8–17.8) |
Low | 17 | 1.2 | 13.6 (8.5–21.9) | 12 | 1.0 | 11.9 (6.8–21.0) | 10 | 1.0 | 9.8 (5.3–18.3) | 7 | 1.0 | 6.7 (3.2–14.0) |
Definition 1 (< 0.35, increase 0.35) | Definition 2 (< 0.2, ≥0.7) | Definition 3 (< 0.2, ≥1.05) | Definition 4 (< 0.2, ≥1.4) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Unadjusted RR (95%CI) | Adjusted RR (95%CI)a | Unadjusted RR (95%CI) | Adjusted RR (95%CI)a | Unadjusted HR (95%CI) | Adjusted RR (95%CI)a | Unadjusted RR (95%CI) | Adjusted RR (95%CI)a | |
Both countries | ||||||||
End follow-up V1-V2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
End follow-up V2-V3 | 0.9 (0.7–1.3) | 1.0 (0.8–1.4) | 0.9 (0.7–1.4) | 0.9 (0.7–1.4) | 1.0 (0.7–1.6) | 1.0 (0.7–1.6) | 1.1 (0.7–1.7) | 1.1 (0.7–1.8) |
Sex | ||||||||
Male | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Female | 0.7 (0.5–0.9) | 0.7 (0.5–0.9) | 0.7 (0.5–0.9) | 0.7 (0.5–1.0) | 0.8 (0.5–1.2) | 0.8 (0.5–1.2) | 0.8 (0.5–1.3) | 0.8 (0.5–1.3) |
Age | ||||||||
15–24 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
25–29 | 0.6 (0.4–0.9) | 0.7 (0.4–1.2) | 0.6 (0.3–1.1) | 0.6 (0.3–1.3) | 0.4 (0.2–0.9) | 0.5 (0.2–1.1) | 0.4 (0.2–0.9) | 0.3 (0.1–0.9) |
30–34 | 0.6 (0.4–1.1) | 0.7 (0.4–1.3) | 0.6 (0.3–1.1) | 0.6 (0.3–1.2) | 0.7 (0.3–1.4) | 0.7 (0.3–1.5) | 0.6 (0.3–1.3) | 0.6 (0.3–1.4) |
35–39 | 0.7 (0.3–1.3) | 0.9 (0.5–1.6) | 0.6 (0.3–1.2) | 0.7 (0.3–1.5) | 0.7 (0.3–1.5) | 0.8 (0.4–1.8) | 0.7 (0.3–1.6) | 0.8 (0.3–1.8) |
40–49 | 0.9 (0.5–1.4) | 1.0 (0.6–1.6) | 0.7 (0.3–1.2) | 0.7 (0.4–1.4) | 0.5 (0.2–1.2) | 0.6 (0.3–1.3) | 0.3 (0.1–0.9) | 0.3 (0.1–1.0) |
50+ | 1.2 (0.8–1.8) | 1.3 (0.8–2.0) | 0.9 (0.5–1.7) | 1.1 (0.6–1.9) | 0.9 (0.5–1.7) | 0.9 (0.5–1.9) | 0.9 (0.5–1.8) | 1.0 (0.5–2.1) |
HIV status b | ||||||||
HIV negative | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
HIV positive, no ARV | 0.6 (0.4–0.8) | 0.7 (0.4–0.9) | 0.7 (0.4–0.9) | 0.8 (0.5–1.3) | 0.7 (0.4–1.0) | 0.8 (0.5–1.4) | 0.7 (0.4–1.2) | 0.9 (0.6–1.9) |
HIV positive & ARV | 0.7 (0.3–1.6) | 0.7 (0.3–1.6) | 0.9 (0.4–2.2) | 1.0 (0.4–2.4) | 1.2 (0.5–2.7) | 1.2 (0.5–2.8) | 0.8 (0.3–2.6) | 0.8 (0.3–2.6) |
Region by TST prevalence | ||||||||
Zambia, Lusaka, high TST | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Zambia, Urban, high TST | 0.8 (0.5–1.2) | 0.7 (0.4–1.0) | 0.9 (0.5–1.5) | 0.7 (0.4–1.2) | 0.8 (0.4–1.3) | 0.7 (0.4–1.2) | 0.8 (0.4–1.4) | 0.6 (0.3–1.1) |
Zambia, Urban, low TST | 0.5 (0.3–0.8) | 0.5 (0.3–0.7) | 0.6 (0.3–1.0) | 0.5 (0.3–0.9) | 0.5 (0.3–1.0) | 0.5 (0.3–1.0) | 0.5 (0.3–0.9) | 0.4 (0.2–0.8) |
Zambia, Rural, low TST | 0.7 (0.4–1.3) | 0.5 (0.3–1.0) | 0.7 (0.3–1.5) | 0.5 (0.2–1.2) | 0.8 (0.4–1.9) | 0.7 (0.3–1.6) | 0.9 (0.4–1.9) | 0.6 (0.3–1.5) |
South Africa, high TST | 0.8 (0.5–1.2) | 0.7 (0.5–1.1) | 0.8 (0.4–1.4) | 0.7 (0.4–1.3) | 0.7 (0.3–1.3) | 0.6 (0.3–1.3) | 0.6 (0.3–1.2) | 0.5 (0.2–1.1) |
South Africa, low TST | 0.4 (0.2–0.7) | 0.4 (0.2–0.6) | 0.5 (0.3–1.1) | 0.5 (0.3–1.0) | 0.5 (0.3–1.1) | 0.5 (0.2–1.2) | 0.4 (0.2–0.9) | 0.4 (0.2–0.9) |
Zambia | ||||||||
End follow-up V1-V2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
End follow-up V2-V3 | 0.9 (0.7–1.4) | 1.1 (0.8–1.5) | 0.9 (0.6–1.4) | 1.0 (0.7–1.6) | 1.1 (0.7–1.8) | 1.2 (0.8–1.9) | 1.1 (0.7–1.8) | 1.2 (0.7–1.9) |
Sex | ||||||||
Male | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Female | 0.7 (0.5–0.9) | 0.7 (0.5–1.0) | 0.7 (0.5–1.1) | 0.7 (0.5–1.1) | 0.8 (0.5–1.3) | 0.8 (0.5–1.4) | 0.9 (0.5–1.5) | 0.9 (0.5–1.6) |
Age | ||||||||
15–24 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
25–29 | 0.6 (0.3–1.0) | 0.7 (0.4–1.3) | 0.6 (0.3–1.2) | 0.7 (0.3–1.6) | 0.4 (0.2–1.1) | 0.5 (0.2–1.4) | 0.4 (0.1–1.0) | 0.4 (0.1–1.3) |
30–34 | 0.6 (0.3–1.2) | 0.7 (0.4–1.4) | 0.6 (0.3–1.3) | 0.7 (0.3–1.5) | 0.7 (0.3–1.6) | 0.8 (0.4–1.8) | 0.6 (0.2–1.4) | 0.6 (0.3–1.5) |
35–39 | 0.6 (0.3–1.4) | 0.8 (0.4–1.8) | 0.6 (0.2–1.6) | 0.8 (0.3–1.9) | 0.7 (0.3–1.8) | 0.9 (0.3–2.3) | 0.6 (0.2–1.7) | 0.7 (0.3–2.2) |
40–49 | 0.8 (0.5–1.4) | 1.0 (0.5–1.7) | 0.7 (0.3–1.4) | 0.8 (0.4–1.8) | 0.4 (0.2–1.2) | 0.5 (0.2–1.4) | 0.4 (0.1–1.1) | 0.4 (0.1–1.3) |
50+ | 1.3 (0.8–2.2) | 1.5 (0.9–2.5) | 1.2 (0.6–2.3) | 1.4 (0.7–2.7) | 1.1 (0.6–2.3) | 1.2 (0.6–2.6) | 1.2 (0.6–2.3) | 1.3 (0.6–2.7) |
HIV status | ||||||||
HIV negative | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
HIV positive, no ARV | 0.5 (0.4–0.8) | 0.6 (0.4–1.0) | 0.5 (0.3–0.8) | 0.6 (0.3–1.1) | 0.5 (0.3–0.9) | 0.6 (0.3–1.2) | 0.5 (0.3–0.9) | 0.7 (0.4–1.4) |
HIV positive & ARV | 0.7 (0.3–1.5) | 0.7 (0.3–1.7) | 1.2 (0.5–2.7) | 1.1 (0.5–2.8) | 1.4 (0.6–3.1) | 1.4 (0.6–3.4) | 0.9 (0.3–2.8) | 0.9 (0.3–3.0) |
Region by TST prevalence | ||||||||
Lusaka, high TST | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
VUrban, high TST | 0.8 (0.5–1.2) | 0.6 (0.4–0.9) | 0.9 (0.5–1.5) | 0.6 (0.4–1.1) | 0.8 (0.4–1.3) | 0.6 (0.3–1.1) | 0.8 (0.4–1.4) | 0.6 (0.3–1.2) |
Urban, low TST | 0.5 (0.3–0.8) | 0.4 (0.3–0.7) | 0.6 (0.3–1.0) | 0.5 (0.3–0.9) | 0.5 (0.3–1.0) | 0.5 (0.2–0.9) | 0.5 (0.3–0.9) | 0.4 (0.2–0.9) |
Rural, low TST | 0.7 (0.4–1.3) | 0.5 (0.2–0.9) | 0.7 (0.3–1.5) | 0.5 (0.2–1.1) | 0.8 (0.4–1.9) | 0.6 (0.3–1.4) | 0.9 (0.4–1.9) | 0.6 (0.2–1.4) |
South Africa | ||||||||
End follow-up V1-V2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
End follow-up V2-V3 | 0.8 (0.4–1.6) | 0.8 (0.4–1.7) | 0.7 (0.3–1.9) | 0.8 (0.3–2.1) | 0.5 (0.2–1.7) | 0.6 (0.2–2.0) | 0.7 (0.2–2.5) | 0.9 (0.2–3.4) |
Sex | ||||||||
Male | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Female | 0.8 (0.4–1.6) | 0.7 (0.4–1.5) | 0.6 (0.3–1.5) | 0.6 (0.2–1.4) | 0.7 (0.3–1.7) | 0.6 (0.2–1.7) | 0.6 (0.2–1.7) | 0.4 (0.1–1.3) |
Age | ||||||||
15–24 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
25–29 | 0.7 (0.3–1.8) | 0.7 (0.3–2.2) | 0.7 (0.2–1.9) | 0.4 (0.1–1.7) | 0.4 (0.1–1.9) | 0.3 (0.1–1.6) | 0.3 (0.03–2.3) | 0.1 (0.01–1.7) |
30–34 | 0.7 (0.2–2.6) | 0.6 (0.1–2.7) | 0.4 (0.1–2.2) | 0.3 (0.1–1.8) | 0.6 (0.1–2.9) | 0.4 (0.1–2.5) | 0.7 (0.1–3.9) | 0.4 (0.1–2.7) |
35–39 | 0.9 (0.3–2.5) | 1.0 (0.4–2.9) | 0.5 (0.1–2.4) | 0.5 (0.1–2.1) | 0.7 (0.1–3.2) | 0.6 (0.1–2.8) | 0.9 (0.2–4.3) | 0.6 (0.2–2.7) |
40–49 | 1.0 (0.4–2.4) | 1.1 (0.4–2.8) | 0.6 (0.2–2.1) | 0.5 (0.1–2.1) | 0.8 (0.2–2.9) | 0.6 (0.1–2.9) | 0.3 (0.04–2.6) | 0.2 (0.01–2.2) |
50+ | 0.9 (0.3–2.4) | 0.9 (0.4–2.5) | 0.4 (0.1–1.8) | 0.3 (0.1–1.7) | 0.3 (0.03–2.1) | 0.2 (0.02–1.9) | 0.3 (0.04–2.7) | 0.2 (0.2–1.9) |
HIV status b | ||||||||
HIV negative | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
HIV positive, no ARV | 0.7 (0.4–1.5) | 0.8 (0.4–1.8) | 1.3 (0.6–2.9) | 1.7 (0.7–4.6) | 1.4 (0.6–3.4) | 1.9 (0.7–5.5) | 1.8 (0.6–5.0) | 3.3 (0.9–12.2) |
HIV positive & ARV | 0.9 (0.1–6.5) | 1.1 (0.1–8.6) | N.A. | N.A. | N.A. | N.A. | N.A. | N.A. |
TST prevalence | ||||||||
High | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Low | 0.5 (0.3–0.9) | 0.5 (0.3–0.9) | 0.7 (0.3–1.5) | 0.8 (0.3–1.6) | 0.8 (0.4–1.9) | 0.9 (0.4–2.2) | 0.7 (0.3–1.9) | 0.9 (0.3–2.6) |