Introduction
Methods
Intervention and evaluation design
Instruments
Motor abilities test
Data analysis
Results
Descriptive statistics
Missing values | Intervention (n = 957) | Control (n = 779) | Total (n = 1,736) | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Age, years [m (SD)] | 7.1 (0.6) | 7.1 (0.6) | 7.1 (0.6) | |
Boys, n [%] | 471 (49.2) | 408 (52.4) | 879 (50.6) | |
First grade, n [%] | 486 (50.8) | 416 (53.4) | 902 (52.0) | |
Weight, kg [m (SD)] | 51 | 24.9 (5.2) | 24.49 (4.6) | 24.7 (4.9) |
Height, m [m (SD)] | 50 | 124.0 (6.5) | 123.71 (6.3) | 123.9 (6.4) |
BMI, kg/m2 [m (SD)] | 51 | 16.0 (2.2) | 15.91 (2.0) | 16 (2.2) |
BMIPCT [m (SD)] | 51 | 49 (27.9) | 47.9 (27.4) | 48.5 (27.7) |
Overweight and obesity, n [%] | 54 | 94 (10.2) | 66 (8.7) | 160 (9.5) |
Factor analysis
Intervention effects on children’s motor performance
Intervention group | Control group | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Boys (n = 471) | Girls (n = 486) | Total (n = 957) | Boys (n = 408) | Girls (n = 371) | Total (n = 779) | |
Conditional skillsa
| ||||||
Standing long jump, cm [m (SD)] | 12.0 (19.3) | 10.0 (17.5) | 11.0 (18.4) | 9.2 (18.6) | 11.3 (17.5) | 10.2 (18.1) |
Sit-ups, n [m (SD)] | 3.3 (6.4) | 2.3 (5.9) | 2.8 (6.1) | 2.5 (6.4) | 2.6 (5.5) | 2.5 (6) |
Push-ups, n [m (SD)] | 2.9 (5.2) | 1.3 (5) | 2.1 (5.1) | 1.9 (5.1) | 1.1 (5) | 1.5 (5.1) |
6-min run, m [m (SD)] | 78.3 (133.6) | 62.8 (121.7) | 70.5 (127.9) | 68.4 (108.1) | 48.3 (103.2) | 58.9 (106.2) |
Coordinative skills | ||||||
One-leg stand, n [m (SD)] | −2.4 (5.6) | −2.2 (4.5) | −2.3 (5.1) | −2.2 (4.4) | −2 (4.5) | −2.1 (4.5) |
Lateral jumps, n [m (SD)] | 11.3 (9.2) | 11.5 (9.6) | 11.4 (9.4) | 11.1 (8.9) | 11.3 (8.9) | 11.2 (8.9) |
Flexibilityb,c
| ||||||
Sit and reach, cm [m (SD)] | −0.5 (4.2) | .3 (4.3) | −0.1 (4.3) | −0.6 (4.6) | −0.2 (4.6) | −0.4 (4.6) |
Intervention group | Control group | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Baseline (T1) | Follow-up (T2) | Baseline (T1) | Follow-up (T2) | |||||||||
Boys (n = 471) | Girls (n = 486) | Total (n = 957) | Boys (n = 471) | Girls (n = 486) | Total (n = 957) | Boys (n = 408) | Girls (n = 371) | Total (n = 779) | Boys (n = 408) | Girls (n = 371) | Total (n = 779) | |
Conditional skills | ||||||||||||
Standing long jump, cm [m (SD)] | 115.6 (±20.2) | 109.9 (±20.3) | 112.7 (±20.4) | 127.5 (±20.6) | 119.9 (±19.7) | 123.6 (±20.5) | 117.4 (±21.6) | 109.2 (±21.1) | 113.5 (±21.7) | 126.5 (±19.8) | 120.8 (±19.1) | 123.8 (±19.7) |
Sit-ups, n [m (SD)] | 12.3 (±6.2) | 11.7 (±5.9) | 12.0 (±6.1) | 15.7 (6.1) | 14.1 (±6.0) | 14.8 (±6.1) | 12.3 (±6.1) | 11.5 (±5.6) | 11.9 (±5.9) | 15.1 (±6.1) | 14.2 (±4.9) | 14.7 (±5.6) |
Push-ups, n [m (SD)] | 5.5 (±4.1) | 4.9 (±4.0) | 5.2 (±4.1) | 8.4 (±4.5) | 6.1 (±4.1) | 7.3 (±4.5) | 5.9 (±4.2) | 5.1 (±4.0) | 5.5 (±4.1) | 8.0 (±4.4) | 6.2 (±4.0) | 7.1 (±4.3) |
6-min run, m [m (SD)]a
| 865.31 (±128.8) | 813.8 (±110.9) | 839.7 (±122.9) | 952.8 (±140.8) | 882.4 (±125.2) | 917.0 (±137.6) | 876.5 (±126.7) | 831.5 (±107.5) | 855.3 (±120.1) | 952.1 (±123.6) | 879.9 (111.6) | 917.7 (±123.4) |
Coordinative skills | ||||||||||||
One-leg stand, n [m (SD)] | 5.3 (±6.1) | 4.1 (±5.0) | 4.7 (±5.6) | 2.8 (±3.9) | 1.8 (±3.2) | 2.3 (±3.6) | 5.0 (±5.1) | 4.0 (±5.4) | 4.5 (±5.3) | 2.7 (±3.9) | 2.0 (±3.3) | 2.3 (±3.6) |
Lateral jumps, n [m (SD)] | 41.1 (±11.9) | 42.6 (±13.1) | 41.9 (±12.5) | 52.8 (±12.3) | 54.3 (12.1) | 53.6 (±12.2) | 40.7 (±12.7) | 40.7 (±12.8) | 40.7 (±12.7) | 52.1 (±12.9) | 52.1 (±11.7) | 52.1 (±12.3) |
Flexibility | ||||||||||||
Sit and reach, cm [m (SD)]b
| 1.2 (±5.7) | 2.9 (±5.8) | 2.0 (±5.8) | 0.6 (±6.1) | 3.5 (±6.5) | 2.1 (±6.4) | 0.5 (±5.5) | 2.4 (±5.3) | 1.4 (±5.5) | −0.2 (±5.9) | 2.3 (±6.0) | 1.0 (±6.1) |