Skip to main content
Erschienen in: Current HIV/AIDS Reports 6/2019

27.11.2019 | The Global Epidemic (SH Vermund, Section Editor)

Interventions to improve the HIV continuum of care in China

verfasst von: Xiangjun Zhang, Na Wang, Sten H. Vermund, Huachun Zou, Xianhong Li, Fujie Zhang, Han-Zhu Qian

Erschienen in: Current HIV/AIDS Reports | Ausgabe 6/2019

Einloggen, um Zugang zu erhalten

Abstract

Purpose of Review

To describe HIV epidemic and interventions for improving HIV continuum of care in China.

Recent Findings

The reported HIV epidemic has been continuously increasing, partially due to the expansion of active HIV testing campaign. Public health intervention programs have been effective in containing HIV spread among former plasma donors and people who inject drugs (PWID), but more infections occur among heterosexual men and women and young men who have sex with men. Of 1.25 million Chinese people are living with HIV, one-third do not know their status. About two-thirds of diagnosed individuals have used antiretroviral therapy (ART) and two-thirds of those on ART have achieved viral suppression, but some risk groups such as PWID have lower rates. The national free ART program has reduced adult and pediatric mortality and reduced heterosexual transmission.

Summary

China faces great challenges to reduce HIV sexual transmission, improve the HIV continuum of care, and close the gaps to the UNAIDS Three “90” Targets.
Literatur
1.
Zurück zum Zitat Yu ES, Xie Q, Zhang K, Lu P, Chan LL. HIV infection and AIDS in China, 1985 through 1994. Am J Public Health. 1996;86(8):1116–22.PubMedPubMedCentral Yu ES, Xie Q, Zhang K, Lu P, Chan LL. HIV infection and AIDS in China, 1985 through 1994. Am J Public Health. 1996;86(8):1116–22.PubMedPubMedCentral
2.
Zurück zum Zitat Wang L. Overview of the HIV/AIDS epidemic, scientific research and government responses in China. AIDS. 2007;21(Suppl 8):S3–7.PubMed Wang L. Overview of the HIV/AIDS epidemic, scientific research and government responses in China. AIDS. 2007;21(Suppl 8):S3–7.PubMed
3.
Zurück zum Zitat Chen H, Luo L, Pan SW, et al. HIV epidemiology and prevention in southwestern China: trends from 1996-2017. Curr HIV Res. 2019. Chen H, Luo L, Pan SW, et al. HIV epidemiology and prevention in southwestern China: trends from 1996-2017. Curr HIV Res. 2019.
4.
Zurück zum Zitat Qian ZH, Vermund SH, Wang N. Risk of HIV/AIDS in China: subpopulations of special importance. Sexually transmitted infections. 2005;81(6):442–7.PubMedPubMedCentral Qian ZH, Vermund SH, Wang N. Risk of HIV/AIDS in China: subpopulations of special importance. Sexually transmitted infections. 2005;81(6):442–7.PubMedPubMedCentral
5.
Zurück zum Zitat Qian H-Z, Schumacher JE, Chen HT, Ruan Y-H. Injection drug use and HIV/AIDS in China: review of current situation, prevention and policy implications. Harm reduction journal. 2006;3(1):4.PubMedPubMedCentral Qian H-Z, Schumacher JE, Chen HT, Ruan Y-H. Injection drug use and HIV/AIDS in China: review of current situation, prevention and policy implications. Harm reduction journal. 2006;3(1):4.PubMedPubMedCentral
6.
Zurück zum Zitat Qian HZ, Vermund SH, Kaslow RA, et al. Co-infection with HIV and hepatitis C virus in former plasma/blood donors: challenge for patient care in rural China. AIDS. 2006;20(10):1429–35.PubMed Qian HZ, Vermund SH, Kaslow RA, et al. Co-infection with HIV and hepatitis C virus in former plasma/blood donors: challenge for patient care in rural China. AIDS. 2006;20(10):1429–35.PubMed
7.
Zurück zum Zitat Qian HZ, Yang Z, Shi X, Gao J, Xu C, Wang L, et al. Hepatitis C virus infection in former commercial plasma/blood donors in rural Shanxi Province, China: the China Integrated Programs for Research on AIDS. J Infect Dis. 2005;192(10):1694–700.PubMed Qian HZ, Yang Z, Shi X, Gao J, Xu C, Wang L, et al. Hepatitis C virus infection in former commercial plasma/blood donors in rural Shanxi Province, China: the China Integrated Programs for Research on AIDS. J Infect Dis. 2005;192(10):1694–700.PubMed
8.
Zurück zum Zitat Wang N, Wang L, Wu Z, et al. Estimating the number of people living with HIV/AIDS in China: 2003–09. International journal of epidemiology. 2010;39(suppl_2):ii21–8.PubMedPubMedCentral Wang N, Wang L, Wu Z, et al. Estimating the number of people living with HIV/AIDS in China: 2003–09. International journal of epidemiology. 2010;39(suppl_2):ii21–8.PubMedPubMedCentral
10.
Zurück zum Zitat Zheng X, Zhang JP, Qu SQ. A cohort study of HIV infection among intravenous drug users in Ruili and other two counties in Yunnan Province, China, 1992-1995. Zhonghua liu xing bing xue za zhi=. Zhonghua liuxingbingxue zazhi. 1997;18(5):259–62.PubMed Zheng X, Zhang JP, Qu SQ. A cohort study of HIV infection among intravenous drug users in Ruili and other two counties in Yunnan Province, China, 1992-1995. Zhonghua liu xing bing xue za zhi=. Zhonghua liuxingbingxue zazhi. 1997;18(5):259–62.PubMed
12.
Zurück zum Zitat Gao L, Zhang L, Jin Q. Meta-analysis: prevalence of HIV infection and syphilis among MSM in China. Sexually transmitted infections. 2009;85(5):354–8.PubMed Gao L, Zhang L, Jin Q. Meta-analysis: prevalence of HIV infection and syphilis among MSM in China. Sexually transmitted infections. 2009;85(5):354–8.PubMed
13.
Zurück zum Zitat Zhang X, Yu J, Li M, Sun X, Han Q, Li M, et al. Prevalence and related risk behaviors of HIV, syphilis, and anal HPV infection among men who have sex with men from Beijing. China. AIDS and Behavior. 2013;17(3):1129–36.PubMed Zhang X, Yu J, Li M, Sun X, Han Q, Li M, et al. Prevalence and related risk behaviors of HIV, syphilis, and anal HPV infection among men who have sex with men from Beijing. China. AIDS and Behavior. 2013;17(3):1129–36.PubMed
14.
Zurück zum Zitat Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress. Law on the control of the entry and exit of aliens. Order number 31 of the President of the People’s Republic of China. Beijing, 1985 (in Chinese). Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress. Law on the control of the entry and exit of aliens. Order number 31 of the President of the People’s Republic of China. Beijing, 1985 (in Chinese).
15.
Zurück zum Zitat Ministry of Health of the People’s Republic of China. Notice on banning import of blood products such as factor VIII. State Council Document (1985) number 49. Beijing, 1986 (in Chinese). Ministry of Health of the People’s Republic of China. Notice on banning import of blood products such as factor VIII. State Council Document (1985) number 49. Beijing, 1986 (in Chinese).
16.
Zurück zum Zitat Zhao B, Li X. Studies in drug-related crime. Beijing: Chinese People's University Press; 1993. Zhao B, Li X. Studies in drug-related crime. Beijing: Chinese People's University Press; 1993.
17.
Zurück zum Zitat Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress. Frontier health and quarantine law. Order number 46 of the President of the People’s Republic of China. Beijing, 1987 (in Chinese). Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress. Frontier health and quarantine law. Order number 46 of the President of the People’s Republic of China. Beijing, 1987 (in Chinese).
18.
Zurück zum Zitat Wu Z, Sullivan SG, Wang Y, Rotheram-Borus MJ, Detels R. Evolution of China's response to HIV/AIDS. The Lancet. 2007;369(9562):679–90. Wu Z, Sullivan SG, Wang Y, Rotheram-Borus MJ, Detels R. Evolution of China's response to HIV/AIDS. The Lancet. 2007;369(9562):679–90.
19.
Zurück zum Zitat Li D, Xia G, Qiu R, Hamblin J, Yue T. Law, policies and regulations concerning HIV/AIDS prevention and containment: an assessment and recommendations. United Nations Development Programme: Beijing; 2003. Li D, Xia G, Qiu R, Hamblin J, Yue T. Law, policies and regulations concerning HIV/AIDS prevention and containment: an assessment and recommendations. United Nations Development Programme: Beijing; 2003.
20.
Zurück zum Zitat Dou Z, Chen RY, Wang Z, Ji G, Peng G, Qiao X, et al. HIV-infected former plasma donors in rural Central China: from infection to survival outcomes, 1985-2008. PLoS One. 2010;5(10):e13737.PubMedPubMedCentral Dou Z, Chen RY, Wang Z, Ji G, Peng G, Qiao X, et al. HIV-infected former plasma donors in rural Central China: from infection to survival outcomes, 1985-2008. PLoS One. 2010;5(10):e13737.PubMedPubMedCentral
21.
Zurück zum Zitat Chen S, Zhao H, Zhao C, et al. Eighteen-year follow-up report of the surveillance and prevention of an HIV/AIDS outbreak amongst plasma donors in Hebei Province, China. BMC Infect Dis. 2015;15:316.PubMedPubMedCentral Chen S, Zhao H, Zhao C, et al. Eighteen-year follow-up report of the surveillance and prevention of an HIV/AIDS outbreak amongst plasma donors in Hebei Province, China. BMC Infect Dis. 2015;15:316.PubMedPubMedCentral
22.
Zurück zum Zitat Lu W, Zeng G, Luo J, Duo S, Xing G, Guo-Wei D, et al. HIV transmission risk among serodiscordant couples: a retrospective study of former plasma donors in Henan, China. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2010;55(2):232–8.PubMedPubMedCentral Lu W, Zeng G, Luo J, Duo S, Xing G, Guo-Wei D, et al. HIV transmission risk among serodiscordant couples: a retrospective study of former plasma donors in Henan, China. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2010;55(2):232–8.PubMedPubMedCentral
23.
Zurück zum Zitat Tang H, Wu Z, Mao Y, Cepeda J, Morano J. Risk factor associated with negative spouse HIV seroconversion among sero-different couples: a nested case-control retrospective survey study in 30 counties in rural China. PLoS One. 2016;11(10):e0164761.PubMedPubMedCentral Tang H, Wu Z, Mao Y, Cepeda J, Morano J. Risk factor associated with negative spouse HIV seroconversion among sero-different couples: a nested case-control retrospective survey study in 30 counties in rural China. PLoS One. 2016;11(10):e0164761.PubMedPubMedCentral
24.
Zurück zum Zitat Luo W, Wu Z, Poundstone K, et al. Needle and syringe exchange programmes and prevalence of HIV infection among intravenous drug users in China. Addiction. 2015;110(Suppl 1):61–7.PubMed Luo W, Wu Z, Poundstone K, et al. Needle and syringe exchange programmes and prevalence of HIV infection among intravenous drug users in China. Addiction. 2015;110(Suppl 1):61–7.PubMed
25.
Zurück zum Zitat Zou X, Ling L, Zhang L. Trends and risk factors for HIV, HCV and syphilis seroconversion among drug users in a methadone maintenance treatment programme in China: a 7-year retrospective cohort study. BMJ Open. 2015;5(8):e008162.PubMedPubMedCentral Zou X, Ling L, Zhang L. Trends and risk factors for HIV, HCV and syphilis seroconversion among drug users in a methadone maintenance treatment programme in China: a 7-year retrospective cohort study. BMJ Open. 2015;5(8):e008162.PubMedPubMedCentral
26.
Zurück zum Zitat Cohen MS, Chen YQ, McCauley M, Gamble T, Hosseinipour MC, Kumarasamy N, et al. Prevention of HIV-1 infection with early antiretroviral therapy. N Engl J Med. 2011;365(6):493–505.PubMedPubMedCentral Cohen MS, Chen YQ, McCauley M, Gamble T, Hosseinipour MC, Kumarasamy N, et al. Prevention of HIV-1 infection with early antiretroviral therapy. N Engl J Med. 2011;365(6):493–505.PubMedPubMedCentral
27.
Zurück zum Zitat Rodger AJ, Cambiano V, Bruun T, Vernazza P, Collins S, van Lunzen J, et al. Sexual activity without condoms and risk of HIV transmission in serodifferent couples when the HIV-positive partner is using suppressive antiretroviral therapy. JAMA. 2016;316(2):171–81.PubMed Rodger AJ, Cambiano V, Bruun T, Vernazza P, Collins S, van Lunzen J, et al. Sexual activity without condoms and risk of HIV transmission in serodifferent couples when the HIV-positive partner is using suppressive antiretroviral therapy. JAMA. 2016;316(2):171–81.PubMed
28.
Zurück zum Zitat Bavinton BR, Pinto AN, Phanuphak N, Grinsztejn B, Prestage GP, Zablotska-Manos IB, et al. Viral suppression and HIV transmission in serodiscordant male couples: an international, prospective, observational, cohort study. Lancet HIV. 2018;5(8):e438–47.PubMed Bavinton BR, Pinto AN, Phanuphak N, Grinsztejn B, Prestage GP, Zablotska-Manos IB, et al. Viral suppression and HIV transmission in serodiscordant male couples: an international, prospective, observational, cohort study. Lancet HIV. 2018;5(8):e438–47.PubMed
29.
Zurück zum Zitat Panlilio AL, Cardo DM, Grohskopf LA, Heneine W, Ross CS, Service USPH. Updated U.S. Public Health Service guidelines for the management of occupational exposures to HIV and recommendations for postexposure prophylaxis. MMWR Recomm Rep. 2005;54(RR-9):1–17.PubMed Panlilio AL, Cardo DM, Grohskopf LA, Heneine W, Ross CS, Service USPH. Updated U.S. Public Health Service guidelines for the management of occupational exposures to HIV and recommendations for postexposure prophylaxis. MMWR Recomm Rep. 2005;54(RR-9):1–17.PubMed
30.
Zurück zum Zitat Grant RM, Lama JR, Anderson PL, McMahan V, Liu AY, Vargas L, et al. Preexposure chemoprophylaxis for HIV prevention in men who have sex with men. N Engl J Med. 2010;363(27):2587–99.PubMedPubMedCentral Grant RM, Lama JR, Anderson PL, McMahan V, Liu AY, Vargas L, et al. Preexposure chemoprophylaxis for HIV prevention in men who have sex with men. N Engl J Med. 2010;363(27):2587–99.PubMedPubMedCentral
31.
Zurück zum Zitat Choopanya K, Martin M, Suntharasamai P, et al. Antiretroviral prophylaxis for HIV infection in injecting drug users in Bangkok, Thailand (the Bangkok Tenofovir Study): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 3 trial. Lancet. 2013;381(9883):2083–90.PubMed Choopanya K, Martin M, Suntharasamai P, et al. Antiretroviral prophylaxis for HIV infection in injecting drug users in Bangkok, Thailand (the Bangkok Tenofovir Study): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 3 trial. Lancet. 2013;381(9883):2083–90.PubMed
32.
Zurück zum Zitat Gray RH, Kigozi G, Serwadda D, Makumbi F, Watya S, Nalugoda F, et al. Male circumcision for HIV prevention in men in Rakai, Uganda: a randomised trial. Lancet. 2007;369(9562):657–66.PubMed Gray RH, Kigozi G, Serwadda D, Makumbi F, Watya S, Nalugoda F, et al. Male circumcision for HIV prevention in men in Rakai, Uganda: a randomised trial. Lancet. 2007;369(9562):657–66.PubMed
33.
Zurück zum Zitat Auvert B, Taljaard D, Lagarde E, Sobngwi-Tambekou J, Sitta R, Puren A. Randomized, controlled intervention trial of male circumcision for reduction of HIV infection risk: the ANRS 1265 Trial. PLoS Med. 2005;2(11):e298.PubMedPubMedCentral Auvert B, Taljaard D, Lagarde E, Sobngwi-Tambekou J, Sitta R, Puren A. Randomized, controlled intervention trial of male circumcision for reduction of HIV infection risk: the ANRS 1265 Trial. PLoS Med. 2005;2(11):e298.PubMedPubMedCentral
34.
Zurück zum Zitat Bailey RC, Moses S, Parker CB, Agot K, Maclean I, Krieger JN, et al. Male circumcision for HIV prevention in young men in Kisumu, Kenya: a randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2007;369(9562):643–56.PubMed Bailey RC, Moses S, Parker CB, Agot K, Maclean I, Krieger JN, et al. Male circumcision for HIV prevention in young men in Kisumu, Kenya: a randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2007;369(9562):643–56.PubMed
35.
Zurück zum Zitat Ruan Y, Qian HZ, Li D, Shi W, Li Q, Liang H, et al. Willingness to be circumcised for preventing HIV among Chinese men who have sex with men. AIDS Patient Care STDS. 2009;23(5):315–21.PubMedPubMedCentral Ruan Y, Qian HZ, Li D, Shi W, Li Q, Liang H, et al. Willingness to be circumcised for preventing HIV among Chinese men who have sex with men. AIDS Patient Care STDS. 2009;23(5):315–21.PubMedPubMedCentral
36.
Zurück zum Zitat Zhang C, Penson DF, Qian HZ, Webb GF, Lou J, Shephard BE, et al. Modeling economic and epidemiological impact of voluntary medical male circumcision among men who have sex with men in Beijing, China. Int J STD AIDS. 2019;30(7):630–8.PubMedPubMedCentral Zhang C, Penson DF, Qian HZ, Webb GF, Lou J, Shephard BE, et al. Modeling economic and epidemiological impact of voluntary medical male circumcision among men who have sex with men in Beijing, China. Int J STD AIDS. 2019;30(7):630–8.PubMedPubMedCentral
37.
Zurück zum Zitat Qian HZ, Ruan Y, Liu Y, Milam DF, Spiegel HM, Yin L, et al. Lower HIV risk among circumcised men who have sex with men in China: interaction with anal sex role in a cross-sectional study. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2016;71(4):444–51.PubMedPubMedCentral Qian HZ, Ruan Y, Liu Y, Milam DF, Spiegel HM, Yin L, et al. Lower HIV risk among circumcised men who have sex with men in China: interaction with anal sex role in a cross-sectional study. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2016;71(4):444–51.PubMedPubMedCentral
38.
Zurück zum Zitat Yuan T, Fitzpatrick T, Ko NY, Cai Y, Chen Y, Zhao J, et al. Circumcision to prevent HIV and other sexually transmitted infections in men who have sex with men: a systematic review and meta-analysis of global data. Lancet Glob Health. 2019;7(4):e436–47.PubMedPubMedCentral Yuan T, Fitzpatrick T, Ko NY, Cai Y, Chen Y, Zhao J, et al. Circumcision to prevent HIV and other sexually transmitted infections in men who have sex with men: a systematic review and meta-analysis of global data. Lancet Glob Health. 2019;7(4):e436–47.PubMedPubMedCentral
39.
Zurück zum Zitat Yuan T, Qian HZ, Wang J, Gao Y, Zou H. Is circumcision an answer for HIV prevention in men who have sex with men? - authors’ reply. Lancet Glob Health. 2019;7(8):e1012.PubMed Yuan T, Qian HZ, Wang J, Gao Y, Zou H. Is circumcision an answer for HIV prevention in men who have sex with men? - authors’ reply. Lancet Glob Health. 2019;7(8):e1012.PubMed
40.
Zurück zum Zitat Lou J, Blevins M, Ruan Y, Vermund SH, Tang S, Webb GF, et al. Modeling the impact on HIV incidence of combination prevention strategies among men who have sex with men in Beijing. China. PLoS One. 2014;9(3):e90985.PubMed Lou J, Blevins M, Ruan Y, Vermund SH, Tang S, Webb GF, et al. Modeling the impact on HIV incidence of combination prevention strategies among men who have sex with men in Beijing. China. PLoS One. 2014;9(3):e90985.PubMed
41.
Zurück zum Zitat McNairy ML, Lamb MR, Gachuhi AB, Nuwagaba-Biribonwoha H, Burke S, Mazibuko S, et al. Effectiveness of a combination strategy for linkage and retention in adult HIV care in Swaziland: the Link4Health cluster randomized trial. PLoS Med. 2017;14(11):e1002420.PubMedPubMedCentral McNairy ML, Lamb MR, Gachuhi AB, Nuwagaba-Biribonwoha H, Burke S, Mazibuko S, et al. Effectiveness of a combination strategy for linkage and retention in adult HIV care in Swaziland: the Link4Health cluster randomized trial. PLoS Med. 2017;14(11):e1002420.PubMedPubMedCentral
42.
Zurück zum Zitat Elul B, Lamb MR, Lahuerta M, Abacassamo F, Ahoua L, Kujawski SA, et al. A combination intervention strategy to improve linkage to and retention in HIV care following diagnosis in Mozambique: a cluster-randomized study. PLoS Med. 2017;14(11):e1002433.PubMedPubMedCentral Elul B, Lamb MR, Lahuerta M, Abacassamo F, Ahoua L, Kujawski SA, et al. A combination intervention strategy to improve linkage to and retention in HIV care following diagnosis in Mozambique: a cluster-randomized study. PLoS Med. 2017;14(11):e1002433.PubMedPubMedCentral
43.
Zurück zum Zitat Lou J, Hu P, Qian HZ, Ruan Y, Jin Z, Xing H, et al. Expanded antiretroviral treatment, sexual networks, and condom use: treatment as prevention unlikely to succeed without partner reduction among men who have sex with men in China. PLoS One. 2017;12(4):e0171295.PubMedPubMedCentral Lou J, Hu P, Qian HZ, Ruan Y, Jin Z, Xing H, et al. Expanded antiretroviral treatment, sexual networks, and condom use: treatment as prevention unlikely to succeed without partner reduction among men who have sex with men in China. PLoS One. 2017;12(4):e0171295.PubMedPubMedCentral
44.
Zurück zum Zitat Zhang L, Chow EP, Su S, Yiu WL, Zhang X, Iu KI, et al. A systematic review and meta-analysis of the prevalence, trends, and geographical distribution of HIV among Chinese female sex workers (2000-2011): implications for preventing sexually transmitted HIV. Int J Infect Dis. 2015;39:76–86.PubMed Zhang L, Chow EP, Su S, Yiu WL, Zhang X, Iu KI, et al. A systematic review and meta-analysis of the prevalence, trends, and geographical distribution of HIV among Chinese female sex workers (2000-2011): implications for preventing sexually transmitted HIV. Int J Infect Dis. 2015;39:76–86.PubMed
45.
46.
Zurück zum Zitat Li YZ, Xu JJ, Qian HZ, et al. High prevalence of HIV infection and unprotected anal intercourse among older men who have sex with men in China: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Infect Dis. 2014;14:531.PubMedPubMedCentral Li YZ, Xu JJ, Qian HZ, et al. High prevalence of HIV infection and unprotected anal intercourse among older men who have sex with men in China: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Infect Dis. 2014;14:531.PubMedPubMedCentral
47.
Zurück zum Zitat Li Y, Xu J, Reilly KH, Zhang J, Wei H, Jiang Y, et al. Prevalence of HIV and syphilis infection among high school and college student MSM in China: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One. 2013;8(7):e69137.PubMedPubMedCentral Li Y, Xu J, Reilly KH, Zhang J, Wei H, Jiang Y, et al. Prevalence of HIV and syphilis infection among high school and college student MSM in China: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One. 2013;8(7):e69137.PubMedPubMedCentral
48.
Zurück zum Zitat Zhang L, Ding X, Lu R, Feng L, Li X, Xiao Y, et al. Predictors of HIV and syphilis among men who have sex with men in a Chinese metropolitan city: comparison of risks among students and non-students. PLoS One. 2012;7(5):e37211.PubMedPubMedCentral Zhang L, Ding X, Lu R, Feng L, Li X, Xiao Y, et al. Predictors of HIV and syphilis among men who have sex with men in a Chinese metropolitan city: comparison of risks among students and non-students. PLoS One. 2012;7(5):e37211.PubMedPubMedCentral
49.
Zurück zum Zitat Chen Y, Abraham Bussell S, Shen Z, Tang Z, Lan G, Zhu Q, et al. Declining inconsistent condom use but increasing HIV and syphilis prevalence among older male clients of female sex workers: analysis from sentinel surveillance sites (2010-2015), Guangxi, China. Medicine (Baltimore). 2016;95(22):e3726.PubMedPubMedCentral Chen Y, Abraham Bussell S, Shen Z, Tang Z, Lan G, Zhu Q, et al. Declining inconsistent condom use but increasing HIV and syphilis prevalence among older male clients of female sex workers: analysis from sentinel surveillance sites (2010-2015), Guangxi, China. Medicine (Baltimore). 2016;95(22):e3726.PubMedPubMedCentral
50.
Zurück zum Zitat Zhang J, Xu JJ, Song W, Pan S, Chu ZX, Hu QH, et al. HIV incidence and care linkage among MSM first-time-testers in Shenyang, China 2012-2014. AIDS Behav. 2018;22(3):711–21.PubMed Zhang J, Xu JJ, Song W, Pan S, Chu ZX, Hu QH, et al. HIV incidence and care linkage among MSM first-time-testers in Shenyang, China 2012-2014. AIDS Behav. 2018;22(3):711–21.PubMed
51.
Zurück zum Zitat Chen Q, Sun Y, Sun W, Hao M, Li G, Su X, et al. Trends of HIV incidence and prevalence among men who have sex with men in Beijing, China: nine consecutive cross-sectional surveys, 2008-2016. PLoS One. 2018;13(8):e0201953.PubMedPubMedCentral Chen Q, Sun Y, Sun W, Hao M, Li G, Su X, et al. Trends of HIV incidence and prevalence among men who have sex with men in Beijing, China: nine consecutive cross-sectional surveys, 2008-2016. PLoS One. 2018;13(8):e0201953.PubMedPubMedCentral
52.
Zurück zum Zitat Hong Y, Zhang C, Li X, Fang X, Lin X, Zhou Y, et al. HIV testing behaviors among female sex workers in Southwest China. AIDS Behav. 2012;16(1):44–52.PubMedPubMedCentral Hong Y, Zhang C, Li X, Fang X, Lin X, Zhou Y, et al. HIV testing behaviors among female sex workers in Southwest China. AIDS Behav. 2012;16(1):44–52.PubMedPubMedCentral
53.
Zurück zum Zitat Chow EP, Muessig KE, Yuan L, Wang Y, Zhang X, Zhao R, et al. Risk behaviours among female sex workers in China: a systematic review and data synthesis. PLoS One. 2015;10(3):e0120595.PubMedPubMedCentral Chow EP, Muessig KE, Yuan L, Wang Y, Zhang X, Zhao R, et al. Risk behaviours among female sex workers in China: a systematic review and data synthesis. PLoS One. 2015;10(3):e0120595.PubMedPubMedCentral
54.
Zurück zum Zitat Fang Y, Zhang Y, Wang Z, Ip M, Li J, Lau JTF. Low uptake of HIV testing among male clients of female sex workers in China. AIDS Care. 2019;31(2):193–8.PubMed Fang Y, Zhang Y, Wang Z, Ip M, Li J, Lau JTF. Low uptake of HIV testing among male clients of female sex workers in China. AIDS Care. 2019;31(2):193–8.PubMed
55.
Zurück zum Zitat Xu W, Zheng Y, Kaufman MR. Predictors of recent HIV testing among Chinese men who have sex with men: a barrier perspective. AIDS Patient Care STDS. 2018;32(10):408–17.PubMedPubMedCentral Xu W, Zheng Y, Kaufman MR. Predictors of recent HIV testing among Chinese men who have sex with men: a barrier perspective. AIDS Patient Care STDS. 2018;32(10):408–17.PubMedPubMedCentral
56.
Zurück zum Zitat Li R, Pan X, Ma Q, Wang H, He L, Jiang T, et al. Prevalence of prior HIV testing and associated factors among MSM in Zhejiang Province, China: a cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health. 2016;16(1):1152.PubMedPubMedCentral Li R, Pan X, Ma Q, Wang H, He L, Jiang T, et al. Prevalence of prior HIV testing and associated factors among MSM in Zhejiang Province, China: a cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health. 2016;16(1):1152.PubMedPubMedCentral
57.
Zurück zum Zitat Wang Y, Li B, Zheng J, Sengupta S, Emrick CB, Cohen MS, et al. Factors related to female sex workers’ willingness to utilize VCT service: a qualitative study in Jinan city, northern China. AIDS Behav. 2009;13(5):866–72.PubMed Wang Y, Li B, Zheng J, Sengupta S, Emrick CB, Cohen MS, et al. Factors related to female sex workers’ willingness to utilize VCT service: a qualitative study in Jinan city, northern China. AIDS Behav. 2009;13(5):866–72.PubMed
58.
Zurück zum Zitat Ma Q, Ono-Kihara M, Cong L, Pan X, Xu G, Zamani S, et al. Behavioral and psychosocial predictors of condom use among university students in Eastern China. AIDS care. 2009;21(2):249–59.PubMed Ma Q, Ono-Kihara M, Cong L, Pan X, Xu G, Zamani S, et al. Behavioral and psychosocial predictors of condom use among university students in Eastern China. AIDS care. 2009;21(2):249–59.PubMed
59.
Zurück zum Zitat Huang J, Bova C, Fennie KP, Rogers A, Williams AB. Knowledge, attitudes, behaviors, and perceptions of risk related to HIV/AIDS among Chinese university students in Hunan, China. AIDS Patient Care & STDs. 2005;19(11):769–77. Huang J, Bova C, Fennie KP, Rogers A, Williams AB. Knowledge, attitudes, behaviors, and perceptions of risk related to HIV/AIDS among Chinese university students in Hunan, China. AIDS Patient Care & STDs. 2005;19(11):769–77.
60.
Zurück zum Zitat Lönn E, Sahlholm K, Maimaiti R, Abdukarim K, Andersson R. A traditional society in change encounters HIV/AIDS: knowledge, attitudes, and risk behavior among students in northwestern China. AIDS patient care and STDS. 2007;21(1):48–56.PubMed Lönn E, Sahlholm K, Maimaiti R, Abdukarim K, Andersson R. A traditional society in change encounters HIV/AIDS: knowledge, attitudes, and risk behavior among students in northwestern China. AIDS patient care and STDS. 2007;21(1):48–56.PubMed
61.
Zurück zum Zitat Liu Y, Qian HZ, Ruan Y, et al. Frequent HIV testing: impact on HIV risk among Chinese men who have sex with men. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2016;72(4):452–61.PubMedPubMedCentral Liu Y, Qian HZ, Ruan Y, et al. Frequent HIV testing: impact on HIV risk among Chinese men who have sex with men. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2016;72(4):452–61.PubMedPubMedCentral
62.
Zurück zum Zitat Zou H, Wu Z, Yu J, Li M, Ablimit M, Li F, et al. Internet-facilitated, voluntary counseling and testing (VCT) clinic-based HIV testing among men who have sex with men in China. PLoS One. 2013;8(2):e51919.PubMedPubMedCentral Zou H, Wu Z, Yu J, Li M, Ablimit M, Li F, et al. Internet-facilitated, voluntary counseling and testing (VCT) clinic-based HIV testing among men who have sex with men in China. PLoS One. 2013;8(2):e51919.PubMedPubMedCentral
63.
Zurück zum Zitat Liu Y, Wang J, Qian H-Z, et al. Seeking male sexual partners via internet and traditional venues among Chinese men who have sex with men: implications for HIV risk reduction interventions. AIDS and Behavior. 2016;20(10):2222–30.PubMedPubMedCentral Liu Y, Wang J, Qian H-Z, et al. Seeking male sexual partners via internet and traditional venues among Chinese men who have sex with men: implications for HIV risk reduction interventions. AIDS and Behavior. 2016;20(10):2222–30.PubMedPubMedCentral
64.
Zurück zum Zitat Zhu X, Zhang W, Operario D, et al. Effects of a mobile health intervention to promote HIV self-testing with MSM in China: a randomized controlled trial. AIDS and behavior. 2019:1–11. Zhu X, Zhang W, Operario D, et al. Effects of a mobile health intervention to promote HIV self-testing with MSM in China: a randomized controlled trial. AIDS and behavior. 2019:1–11.
65.
Zurück zum Zitat Bien CH, Best JM, Muessig KE, Wei C, Han L, Tucker JD. Gay apps for seeking sex partners in China: implications for MSM sexual health. AIDS and Behavior. 2015;19(6):941–6.PubMedPubMedCentral Bien CH, Best JM, Muessig KE, Wei C, Han L, Tucker JD. Gay apps for seeking sex partners in China: implications for MSM sexual health. AIDS and Behavior. 2015;19(6):941–6.PubMedPubMedCentral
66.
Zurück zum Zitat Tang W, Best J, Zhang Y, et al. Gay mobile apps and the evolving virtual risk environment: a cross-sectional online survey among men who have sex with men in China. Sex Transm Infect. 2016;92(7):508–14.PubMed Tang W, Best J, Zhang Y, et al. Gay mobile apps and the evolving virtual risk environment: a cross-sectional online survey among men who have sex with men in China. Sex Transm Infect. 2016;92(7):508–14.PubMed
67.
Zurück zum Zitat Han L, Candidate B, Bien CH, et al. HIV self-testing among online MSM in China: implications for expanding HIV testing among key populations. Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999). 2014;67(2):216. Han L, Candidate B, Bien CH, et al. HIV self-testing among online MSM in China: implications for expanding HIV testing among key populations. Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999). 2014;67(2):216.
68.
Zurück zum Zitat Yan H, Yang H, Raymond HF, Li J, Shi LE, Huan X, et al. Experiences and correlates of HIV self-testing among men who have sex with men in Jiangsu province. China. AIDS and Behavior. 2015;19(3):485–91.PubMed Yan H, Yang H, Raymond HF, Li J, Shi LE, Huan X, et al. Experiences and correlates of HIV self-testing among men who have sex with men in Jiangsu province. China. AIDS and Behavior. 2015;19(3):485–91.PubMed
69.
Zurück zum Zitat Marley G, Kang D, Wilson EC, et al. Introducing rapid oral–fluid HIV testing among high risk populations in Shandong, China: feasibility and challenges. BMC public health. 2014;14(1):422.PubMedPubMedCentral Marley G, Kang D, Wilson EC, et al. Introducing rapid oral–fluid HIV testing among high risk populations in Shandong, China: feasibility and challenges. BMC public health. 2014;14(1):422.PubMedPubMedCentral
70.
Zurück zum Zitat Wang L, Podson D, Chen Z, Lu H, Wang V, Shepard C, et al. Using social media to increase HIV testing among men who have sex with men - Beijing, China, 2013-2017. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2019;68(21):478–82.PubMedPubMedCentral Wang L, Podson D, Chen Z, Lu H, Wang V, Shepard C, et al. Using social media to increase HIV testing among men who have sex with men - Beijing, China, 2013-2017. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2019;68(21):478–82.PubMedPubMedCentral
71.
Zurück zum Zitat Yan H, Zhang R, Wei C, Li J, Xu J, Yang H, et al. A peer-led, community-based rapid HIV testing intervention among untested men who have sex with men in China: an operational model for expansion of HIV testing and linkage to care. Sex Transm Infect. 2014;90(5):388–93.PubMed Yan H, Zhang R, Wei C, Li J, Xu J, Yang H, et al. A peer-led, community-based rapid HIV testing intervention among untested men who have sex with men in China: an operational model for expansion of HIV testing and linkage to care. Sex Transm Infect. 2014;90(5):388–93.PubMed
72.
Zurück zum Zitat Li S, Huang H, Cai Y, Ye X, Shen X, Shi R, et al. Evaluation of a school-based HIV/AIDS peer-led prevention programme: the first intervention trial for children of migrant workers in China. Int J STD AIDS. 2010;21(2):82–6.PubMed Li S, Huang H, Cai Y, Ye X, Shen X, Shi R, et al. Evaluation of a school-based HIV/AIDS peer-led prevention programme: the first intervention trial for children of migrant workers in China. Int J STD AIDS. 2010;21(2):82–6.PubMed
73.
Zurück zum Zitat Zhang C, Li X, Brecht ML, Koniak-Griffin D. Can self-testing increase HIV testing among men who have sex with men: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One. 2017;12(11):e0188890.PubMedPubMedCentral Zhang C, Li X, Brecht ML, Koniak-Griffin D. Can self-testing increase HIV testing among men who have sex with men: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One. 2017;12(11):e0188890.PubMedPubMedCentral
74.
Zurück zum Zitat Tao J, Li M-y, Qian H-Z, et al. Home-based HIV testing for men who have sex with men in China: a novel community-based partnership to complement government programs. PloS one. 2014;9(7):e102812.PubMedPubMedCentral Tao J, Li M-y, Qian H-Z, et al. Home-based HIV testing for men who have sex with men in China: a novel community-based partnership to complement government programs. PloS one. 2014;9(7):e102812.PubMedPubMedCentral
75.
Zurück zum Zitat Tang W, Han L, Best J, Zhang Y, Mollan K, Kim J, et al. Crowdsourcing HIV test promotion videos: a noninferiority randomized controlled trial in China. Clinical infectious diseases. 2016;62(11):1436–42.PubMedPubMedCentral Tang W, Han L, Best J, Zhang Y, Mollan K, Kim J, et al. Crowdsourcing HIV test promotion videos: a noninferiority randomized controlled trial in China. Clinical infectious diseases. 2016;62(11):1436–42.PubMedPubMedCentral
76.
Zurück zum Zitat Jiang Y, Qiu M, Zhang G, et al. Quality assurance in the HIV/AIDS laboratory network of China. International journal of epidemiology. 2010;39(suppl_2):ii72–8.PubMedPubMedCentral Jiang Y, Qiu M, Zhang G, et al. Quality assurance in the HIV/AIDS laboratory network of China. International journal of epidemiology. 2010;39(suppl_2):ii72–8.PubMedPubMedCentral
77.
Zurück zum Zitat Zhang L, Chow EPF, Zhang J, Jing J, Wilson DP. Suppl 1: Describing the Chinese HIV surveillance system and the influences of political structures and social stigma. The open AIDS journal. 2012;6:163.PubMedPubMedCentral Zhang L, Chow EPF, Zhang J, Jing J, Wilson DP. Suppl 1: Describing the Chinese HIV surveillance system and the influences of political structures and social stigma. The open AIDS journal. 2012;6:163.PubMedPubMedCentral
78.
Zurück zum Zitat Tang H, Mao Y, Shi CX, Han J, Wang L, Xu J, et al. Baseline CD4 cell counts of newly diagnosed HIV cases in China: 2006–2012. PloS one. 2014;9(6):e96098.PubMedPubMedCentral Tang H, Mao Y, Shi CX, Han J, Wang L, Xu J, et al. Baseline CD4 cell counts of newly diagnosed HIV cases in China: 2006–2012. PloS one. 2014;9(6):e96098.PubMedPubMedCentral
79.
Zurück zum Zitat Zhang D, Li C, Meng S, Qi J, Fu X, Sun J. Attrition of MSM with HIV/AIDS along the continuum of care from screening to CD4 testing in China. AIDS care. 2014;26(9):1118–21.PubMed Zhang D, Li C, Meng S, Qi J, Fu X, Sun J. Attrition of MSM with HIV/AIDS along the continuum of care from screening to CD4 testing in China. AIDS care. 2014;26(9):1118–21.PubMed
80.
Zurück zum Zitat Liu Y, Osborn CY, Qian H-Z, et al. Barriers and facilitators of linkage to and engagement in HIV care among HIV-positive men who have sex with men in China: a qualitative study. AIDS patient care and STDs. 2016;30(2):70–7.PubMedPubMedCentral Liu Y, Osborn CY, Qian H-Z, et al. Barriers and facilitators of linkage to and engagement in HIV care among HIV-positive men who have sex with men in China: a qualitative study. AIDS patient care and STDs. 2016;30(2):70–7.PubMedPubMedCentral
81.
Zurück zum Zitat Liu Y, Vermund SH, Ruan Y, et al. Peer counselling versus standard-of-care on reducing high-risk behaviours among newly diagnosed HIV-positive men who have sex with men in Beijing, China: a randomized intervention study. J Int AIDS Soc. 2018;21(2).PubMedCentral Liu Y, Vermund SH, Ruan Y, et al. Peer counselling versus standard-of-care on reducing high-risk behaviours among newly diagnosed HIV-positive men who have sex with men in Beijing, China: a randomized intervention study. J Int AIDS Soc. 2018;21(2).PubMedCentral
82.
Zurück zum Zitat Wu Z, Zhao Y, Ge X, Mao Y, Tang Z, Shi CX, et al. Simplified HIV testing and treatment in China: analysis of mortality rates before and after a structural intervention. PLoS medicine. 2015;12(9):e1001874.PubMedPubMedCentral Wu Z, Zhao Y, Ge X, Mao Y, Tang Z, Shi CX, et al. Simplified HIV testing and treatment in China: analysis of mortality rates before and after a structural intervention. PLoS medicine. 2015;12(9):e1001874.PubMedPubMedCentral
83.
Zurück zum Zitat Zang X, Tang H, Min JE, Gu D, Montaner JS, Wu Z, et al. Cost-effectiveness of the ‘One4All’HIV linkage intervention in Guangxi Zhuang autonomous region. China. PloS one. 2016;11(11):e0167308.PubMed Zang X, Tang H, Min JE, Gu D, Montaner JS, Wu Z, et al. Cost-effectiveness of the ‘One4All’HIV linkage intervention in Guangxi Zhuang autonomous region. China. PloS one. 2016;11(11):e0167308.PubMed
84.
Zurück zum Zitat Zhong F, Tang W, Cheng W, Lin P, Wu Q, Cai Y, et al. Acceptability and feasibility of a social entrepreneurship testing model to promote HIV self-testing and linkage to care among men who have sex with men. HIV medicine. 2017;18(5):376–82.PubMed Zhong F, Tang W, Cheng W, Lin P, Wu Q, Cai Y, et al. Acceptability and feasibility of a social entrepreneurship testing model to promote HIV self-testing and linkage to care among men who have sex with men. HIV medicine. 2017;18(5):376–82.PubMed
85.
Zurück zum Zitat Xia Q, Zhong Y, Wiewel EW, Braunstein SL, Torian LV. Linkage to care after HIV diagnosis in New York City: better than we thought. JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes. 2017;76(1):e18–21.PubMed Xia Q, Zhong Y, Wiewel EW, Braunstein SL, Torian LV. Linkage to care after HIV diagnosis in New York City: better than we thought. JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes. 2017;76(1):e18–21.PubMed
86.
Zurück zum Zitat Craw JA, Gardner LI, Marks G, Rapp RC, Bosshart J, Duffus WA, et al. Brief strengths-based case management promotes entry into HIV medical care: results of the antiretroviral treatment access study-II. JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes. 2008;47(5):597–606.PubMed Craw JA, Gardner LI, Marks G, Rapp RC, Bosshart J, Duffus WA, et al. Brief strengths-based case management promotes entry into HIV medical care: results of the antiretroviral treatment access study-II. JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes. 2008;47(5):597–606.PubMed
87.
Zurück zum Zitat Gardner LI, Metsch LR, Anderson-Mahoney P, Loughlin AM, del Rio C, Strathdee S, et al. Efficacy of a brief case management intervention to link recently diagnosed HIV-infected persons to care. Aids. 2005;19(4):423–31.PubMed Gardner LI, Metsch LR, Anderson-Mahoney P, Loughlin AM, del Rio C, Strathdee S, et al. Efficacy of a brief case management intervention to link recently diagnosed HIV-infected persons to care. Aids. 2005;19(4):423–31.PubMed
88.
Zurück zum Zitat Molitor F, Waltermeyer J, Mendoza M, Kuenneth C, Aguirre A, Brockmann K, et al. Locating and linking to medical care HIV-positive persons without a history of care: findings from the California Bridge Project. AIDS care. 2006;18(5):456–9.PubMed Molitor F, Waltermeyer J, Mendoza M, Kuenneth C, Aguirre A, Brockmann K, et al. Locating and linking to medical care HIV-positive persons without a history of care: findings from the California Bridge Project. AIDS care. 2006;18(5):456–9.PubMed
89.
Zurück zum Zitat Bradford JB, Coleman S, Cunningham W. HIV System Navigation: an emerging model to improve HIV care access. AIDS patient care and STDs. 2007;21(S1):S-49. Bradford JB, Coleman S, Cunningham W. HIV System Navigation: an emerging model to improve HIV care access. AIDS patient care and STDs. 2007;21(S1):S-49.
90.
Zurück zum Zitat Rajabiun S, Cabral H, Tobias C, Relf M. Program design and evaluation strategies for the Special Projects of National Significance Outreach Initiative. AIDS patient care and STDs. 2007;21(S1):S-9. Rajabiun S, Cabral H, Tobias C, Relf M. Program design and evaluation strategies for the Special Projects of National Significance Outreach Initiative. AIDS patient care and STDs. 2007;21(S1):S-9.
91.
Zurück zum Zitat Govindasamy D, Meghij J, Negussi EK, Baggaley RC, Ford N, Kranzer K. Interventions to improve or facilitate linkage to or retention in pre-ART (HIV) care and initiation of ART in low-and middle-income settings–a systematic review. Journal of the International AIDS Society. 2014;17(1):19032.PubMedPubMedCentral Govindasamy D, Meghij J, Negussi EK, Baggaley RC, Ford N, Kranzer K. Interventions to improve or facilitate linkage to or retention in pre-ART (HIV) care and initiation of ART in low-and middle-income settings–a systematic review. Journal of the International AIDS Society. 2014;17(1):19032.PubMedPubMedCentral
92.
Zurück zum Zitat Zhu H, Napravnik S, Eron JJ, Cole SR, Ma Y, Wohl DA, et al. Decreasing excess mortality of HIV-infected patients initiating antiretroviral therapy: comparison with mortality in general population in China, 2003-2009. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2013;63(5):e150–7.PubMedPubMedCentral Zhu H, Napravnik S, Eron JJ, Cole SR, Ma Y, Wohl DA, et al. Decreasing excess mortality of HIV-infected patients initiating antiretroviral therapy: comparison with mortality in general population in China, 2003-2009. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2013;63(5):e150–7.PubMedPubMedCentral
93.
Zurück zum Zitat Zhang F, Dou Z, Ma Y, Zhang Y, Zhao Y, Zhao D, et al. Effect of earlier initiation of antiretroviral treatment and increased treatment coverage on HIV-related mortality in China: a national observational cohort study. Lancet Infect Dis. 2011;11(7):516–24.PubMed Zhang F, Dou Z, Ma Y, Zhang Y, Zhao Y, Zhao D, et al. Effect of earlier initiation of antiretroviral treatment and increased treatment coverage on HIV-related mortality in China: a national observational cohort study. Lancet Infect Dis. 2011;11(7):516–24.PubMed
94.
Zurück zum Zitat Zhao Y, Li C, Sun X, Mu W, McGoogan J, He Y, et al. Mortality and treatment outcomes of China’s National Pediatric antiretroviral therapy program. Clin Infect Dis. 2013;56(5):735–44.PubMed Zhao Y, Li C, Sun X, Mu W, McGoogan J, He Y, et al. Mortality and treatment outcomes of China’s National Pediatric antiretroviral therapy program. Clin Infect Dis. 2013;56(5):735–44.PubMed
95.
Zurück zum Zitat Jia Z, Mao Y, Zhang F, Ruan Y, Ma Y, Li J, et al. Antiretroviral therapy to prevent HIV transmission in serodiscordant couples in China (2003-11): a national observational cohort study. Lancet. 2013;382(9899):1195–203.PubMed Jia Z, Mao Y, Zhang F, Ruan Y, Ma Y, Li J, et al. Antiretroviral therapy to prevent HIV transmission in serodiscordant couples in China (2003-11): a national observational cohort study. Lancet. 2013;382(9899):1195–203.PubMed
96.
Zurück zum Zitat Ma Y, Dou Z, Guo W, Mao Y, Zhang F, McGoogan J, et al. The human immunodeficiency virus care continuum in China: 1985-2015. Clin Infect Dis. 2018;66(6):833–9.PubMed Ma Y, Dou Z, Guo W, Mao Y, Zhang F, McGoogan J, et al. The human immunodeficiency virus care continuum in China: 1985-2015. Clin Infect Dis. 2018;66(6):833–9.PubMed
97.
Zurück zum Zitat Eisinger RW, Dieffenbach CW, Fauci AS. HIV viral load and transmissibility of HIV infection: undetectable equals untransmittable. JAMA. 2019;321(5):451–2.PubMed Eisinger RW, Dieffenbach CW, Fauci AS. HIV viral load and transmissibility of HIV infection: undetectable equals untransmittable. JAMA. 2019;321(5):451–2.PubMed
98.
Zurück zum Zitat Muessig KE, McLaughlin MM, Nie JM, Cai W, Zheng H, Yang L, et al. Suboptimal antiretroviral therapy adherence among HIV-infected adults in Guangzhou. China. AIDS Care. 2014;26(8):988–95.PubMed Muessig KE, McLaughlin MM, Nie JM, Cai W, Zheng H, Yang L, et al. Suboptimal antiretroviral therapy adherence among HIV-infected adults in Guangzhou. China. AIDS Care. 2014;26(8):988–95.PubMed
99.
Zurück zum Zitat Da W, Li X, Qiao S, Zhou Y, Shen Z. Antiretroviral therapy and mental health among people living with HIV/AIDS in China. Psychol Health Med. 2019:1–8. Da W, Li X, Qiao S, Zhou Y, Shen Z. Antiretroviral therapy and mental health among people living with HIV/AIDS in China. Psychol Health Med. 2019:1–8.
100.
Zurück zum Zitat Zhou G, Li X, Qiao S, Shen Z, Zhou Y. Influence of side effects on ART adherence among PLWH in China: the moderator role of ART-related knowledge. AIDS Behav. 2018;22(3):961–70.PubMed Zhou G, Li X, Qiao S, Shen Z, Zhou Y. Influence of side effects on ART adherence among PLWH in China: the moderator role of ART-related knowledge. AIDS Behav. 2018;22(3):961–70.PubMed
101.
Zurück zum Zitat Liu P, Liao L, Xu W, Yan J, Zuo Z, Leng X, et al. Adherence, virological outcome, and drug resistance in Chinese HIV patients receiving first-line antiretroviral therapy from 2011 to 2015. Medicine (Baltimore). 2018;97(50):e13555.PubMedPubMedCentral Liu P, Liao L, Xu W, Yan J, Zuo Z, Leng X, et al. Adherence, virological outcome, and drug resistance in Chinese HIV patients receiving first-line antiretroviral therapy from 2011 to 2015. Medicine (Baltimore). 2018;97(50):e13555.PubMedPubMedCentral
102.
Zurück zum Zitat Huang Y, Huang X, Luo Y, et al. Assessing the efficacy of lopinavir/eitonavir-based preferred and alternative second-line regimens in HIV-infected patients: a meta-analysis of key evidence to support WHO recommendations. Front Pharmacol. 2018;9:890.PubMedPubMedCentral Huang Y, Huang X, Luo Y, et al. Assessing the efficacy of lopinavir/eitonavir-based preferred and alternative second-line regimens in HIV-infected patients: a meta-analysis of key evidence to support WHO recommendations. Front Pharmacol. 2018;9:890.PubMedPubMedCentral
104.
Zurück zum Zitat Sweeney S, Obure CD, Maier CB, Greener R, Dehne K, Vassall A. Costs and efficiency of integrating HIV/AIDS services with other health services: a systematic review of evidence and experience. Sex Transm Infect. 2012;88(2):85–99.PubMed Sweeney S, Obure CD, Maier CB, Greener R, Dehne K, Vassall A. Costs and efficiency of integrating HIV/AIDS services with other health services: a systematic review of evidence and experience. Sex Transm Infect. 2012;88(2):85–99.PubMed
105.
Zurück zum Zitat Sylla L, Bruce RD, Kamarulzaman A, Altice FL. Integration and co-location of HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis and drug treatment services. International Journal of Drug Policy. 2007;18(4):306–12.PubMed Sylla L, Bruce RD, Kamarulzaman A, Altice FL. Integration and co-location of HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis and drug treatment services. International Journal of Drug Policy. 2007;18(4):306–12.PubMed
106.
Zurück zum Zitat Hoang T, Goetz MB, Yano EM, Rossman B, Anaya HD, Knapp H, et al. The impact of integrated HIV care on patient health outcomes. Medical care. 2009;47(5):560–7.PubMedPubMedCentral Hoang T, Goetz MB, Yano EM, Rossman B, Anaya HD, Knapp H, et al. The impact of integrated HIV care on patient health outcomes. Medical care. 2009;47(5):560–7.PubMedPubMedCentral
Metadaten
Titel
Interventions to improve the HIV continuum of care in China
verfasst von
Xiangjun Zhang
Na Wang
Sten H. Vermund
Huachun Zou
Xianhong Li
Fujie Zhang
Han-Zhu Qian
Publikationsdatum
27.11.2019
Verlag
Springer US
Erschienen in
Current HIV/AIDS Reports / Ausgabe 6/2019
Print ISSN: 1548-3568
Elektronische ISSN: 1548-3576
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11904-019-00469-y

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 6/2019

Current HIV/AIDS Reports 6/2019 Zur Ausgabe

HIV Pathogenesis and Treatment (AL Landay and NS Utay, Section Editors)

Growth and Neurodevelopment of HIV-Exposed Uninfected Children: a Conceptual Framework

Complications of HIV and Antiretroviral Therapy (GA McComsey, Section Editor)

Contemporary Lifestyle Modification Interventions to Improve Metabolic Comorbidities in HIV

The Global Epidemic (SH Vermund, Section Editor)

History of the HIV Epidemic in China

The Global Epidemic (SH Vermund, Section Editor)

Evolving HIV Epidemiology in Mainland China: 2009–2018

Leitlinien kompakt für die Innere Medizin

Mit medbee Pocketcards sicher entscheiden.

Seit 2022 gehört die medbee GmbH zum Springer Medizin Verlag

Echinokokkose medikamentös behandeln oder operieren?

06.05.2024 DCK 2024 Kongressbericht

Die Therapie von Echinokokkosen sollte immer in spezialisierten Zentren erfolgen. Eine symptomlose Echinokokkose kann – egal ob von Hunde- oder Fuchsbandwurm ausgelöst – konservativ erfolgen. Wenn eine Op. nötig ist, kann es sinnvoll sein, vorher Zysten zu leeren und zu desinfizieren. 

Umsetzung der POMGAT-Leitlinie läuft

03.05.2024 DCK 2024 Kongressbericht

Seit November 2023 gibt es evidenzbasierte Empfehlungen zum perioperativen Management bei gastrointestinalen Tumoren (POMGAT) auf S3-Niveau. Vieles wird schon entsprechend der Empfehlungen durchgeführt. Wo es im Alltag noch hapert, zeigt eine Umfrage in einem Klinikverbund.

Proximale Humerusfraktur: Auch 100-Jährige operieren?

01.05.2024 DCK 2024 Kongressbericht

Mit dem demographischen Wandel versorgt auch die Chirurgie immer mehr betagte Menschen. Von Entwicklungen wie Fast-Track können auch ältere Menschen profitieren und bei proximaler Humerusfraktur können selbst manche 100-Jährige noch sicher operiert werden.

Die „Zehn Gebote“ des Endokarditis-Managements

30.04.2024 Endokarditis Leitlinie kompakt

Worauf kommt es beim Management von Personen mit infektiöser Endokarditis an? Eine Kardiologin und ein Kardiologe fassen die zehn wichtigsten Punkte der neuen ESC-Leitlinie zusammen.

Update Innere Medizin

Bestellen Sie unseren Fach-Newsletter und bleiben Sie gut informiert.