Background
Methods
Collection and identification of lichen species
S.N | Symbol | Name | Dry wt. | Activity DPPHa
| Anti microbial activity | Brine shrimp |
Candida albicans(mm) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Methanol | DCM | DCM | MeOH | DCM | DCM fraction | ||||
1 | DAN-1 |
Parmotrema cetratum
| 10 | 44.4 ± 0.5 | 11.4 ± 0.1 | Α (7) B (7) | S | S | - |
2 | DAN-2 |
Usnea pectinata
| 10 | - | - | - | S | S | - |
3 | DAN-3 |
Ramalina conduplicans
| 10 | - | 22.9 ± 0.7 | Β(12) | S | S | - |
4 | DAN-4 |
Everniastrum cirrhatum
| 2 | - | - | Β(11) | I | S | - |
5 | DAN-5 |
Parmotrema sanoti-angelii
| 10 | - | - | A(10) B(10) | S | S | - |
6 | DAN-6 |
Parmotrema reticulatum
| 10 | 23.3 ± 0.3 | 22.1 ± 0.1 | A(10) B(9) | S | S | - |
7 | DAN-7 |
Heterodermia diademata
| 10 | - | - | Β (7) | I | S | - |
8 | DAN-8 |
Cladonia verticillata
| 9.1 | - | 44.1 ± 0.3 | Β (8) | W | S | - |
9 | DAN-9 |
Parmotrema sp. | 10 | - | - | Β (7) | I | S | - |
10 | DAN-10 |
Parmotrema tinctorum
| 10 | - | - | Β (7) | I | S | - |
11 | DAN-11 |
Peltigera polydactyla
| 3.6 | 11.3 ± 0.2 | 19.6 ± 0.1 | - | I | S | -- |
12 | JOM-1 |
Lobaria retigera
| 10 | - | - | - | S | S | - |
13 | JOM -2 |
Parmotrema thomsonii
| 10 | - | - | Α(8) B (11) | S | S | - |
14 | JOM -3 |
Ramalina sp. | 10 | - | - | - | S | S | - |
15 | JOM -4 |
Everniastrum cirrhatum
| 10 | - | - | Β(14) | S | S | - |
16 | JOM -5 |
Usnea sp. | 10 | - | - | Β(10) | S | S | - |
17 | JOM -6 |
Peltigera polydactyla
| 9.2 | 11.2 ± 0.1 | - | - | S | S | - |
18 | JOM -7 |
Heterodermia diademata
| 10 | - | - | - | I | S | 12 |
19 | JOM -8 |
Parmotrema tinctorum
| 10 | - | - | Α(11) B(7) | S | S | - |
20 | JOM -9 |
Leptogium delavayi
| 10 | - | - | - | W | I | - |
21 | JOM -10 |
Parmotrema reticulatum
| 5.9 | - | - | - | S | I | - |
22 | JOM -11 |
Parmelina quercina
| 5.6 | - | - | Β(10) | I | S | - |
23 | JOM -12 |
Cladonia squamosa
| 10 | - | - | Α(12)B(13) | I | S | - |
24 | JOM -13 |
Parmotrema sp. | 10 | - | - | Α(11)B(7) | S | S | 14 |
25 | JOM -14 |
Heterodermia indica
| 2.8 | - | 49.9 ± 2.4 | Α(9)B(8) | I | S | 11 |
26 | JOM -15 |
Heterodermia leucomela
| 3.8 | - | 47.7 ± 0.5 | Α(8)B(9) | I | S | - |
27 | JOM -16 |
Leptogium delavayi
| 0.9 | - | 47.1 ± 1.8 | - | I | W | - |
28 | CHA-1 |
Ramalina roesleri
| 10 | - | 20.2 ± 0.2 | - | I | S | - |
29 | CHA-2 |
Parmotrema sp. | 10 | - | - | - | S | I | - |
30 | CHA-3 |
Parmotrema sp. | 10 | - | - | - | S | S | - |
31 | CHA-4 |
Leptogium sp. | 0.8 | - | - | - | I | S | - |
32 | CHA-5 |
Cladonia verticillata
| 10 | - | - | - | I | S | - |
33 | CHA-6 |
Usnea sp. | 9 | - | - | - | S | S | - |
34 | CHA-7 |
Lepraria sp. | 6.8 | - | - | - | S | I | - |
35 | CHA-8 |
Peltigera polydactyla
| 10 | 5.7 ± 0.02 | 5.56 ± 0.2 | - | I | S | - |
36 | CHA-9 |
Lepraria sp. | 10 | - | - | - | I | W | - |
37 | GHAN-1 |
Coccocarpia erythroxyli
| 3.4 | - | - | - | I | I | - |
38 | GHAN-2 |
Parmotrema melanothrix
| 10 | - | - | Β(7) | S | S | - |
39 | GHAN-3 |
Heterodermia diademata
| 10 | - | - | Β(7) | W | S | - |
40 | GHAN-4 |
Parmotrema praesorediosum
| 10 | - | - | Β(9) | I | S | - |
41 | GHAN-5 |
Pertusaria leucosora
| 10 | 22.4 ± 0.9 | 44.6 ± 1.0 | Β(13) | S | S | - |
42 | GHAN-6 |
Cladonia sp. | 10 | - | - | Β(9) | I | S | - |
43 | GHAN-7 |
Heterodermia diademata
| 10 | - | - | - | S | S | - |
44 | GHAN-8 |
Heterodermia punctifera
| 10 | 43.9 ± 2.1 | 47.3 ± 0.6 | - | S | S | - |
45 | GHAN-9 |
Parmotrema sp. | 3 | 22.8 ± 0.9 | - | Β(12) | W | S | - |
46 | GHAN-10 |
Leptogium delavayi
| 8.5 | - | - | - | W | I | - |
47 | GHAN-11 |
Lecidea sp. | 10 | - | - | Β(12) | S | S | - |
48 | GHAN-12 |
Parmelia sp. | 10 | - | - | Β(9) | S | S | - |
49 | GHAN-13 |
Parmotrema sp. | 10 | 19.9 ± 3.0 | - | Β(11) | I | S | - |
50 | GHAN-14 |
Collema sp. | 1.7 | - | - | - | I | I | - |
51 | GHAN-15 |
Heterodermia microphylla
| 10 | - | 23.7 ± 0.1 | - | I | S | -- |
52 | GHAN-16 |
Parmelia meiophora
| 6.9 | - | - | Β(15) | S | S | - |
53 | GHAN-17 |
Usnea baileyi
| 1.8 | - | - | - | S | S | - |
54 | GHAN-18 |
Heterodermia leucomelos
| 10 | - | - | Α(7)B(7) | I | S | - |
55 | GHAN-19 |
Parmotrema sp. | 10 | - | - | Β(11) | S | S | - |
56 | GHAN-20 |
Pannaria complanata
| 10 | - | - | Α(11)B(10) | S | S | - |
57 | GHAN-21 |
Hypotrachyna flexilis
| 10 | - | - | Β(9) | I | S | - |
58 | SAR-1 |
Heterodermia indica
| 7.8 | 21.2 ± 0.3 | 24.0 ± 0.1 | Β(8) | S | S | - |
59 | SAR-2 |
Parmotrema reticulatum
| 10 | - | - | Β(9) | S | S | - |
60 | SAR-3 |
Heterodermia punctifera
| 7.83 | - | - | - | I | S | - |
61 | SAR-4 |
Usnea coralline
| 9.6 | - | - | - | S | S | - |
62 | SAR-5 |
Ramalina conduplicate
| 5.3 | - | 49.0 ± 2.3 | Β(12) | S | S | - |
63 | SAR-6 |
Lobaria disecta
| 10 | - | 50.7 ± 2.2 | Β(7) | W | S | - |
64 | SAR-7 |
Parmotrema reticulatum
| 10 | - | - | Β(7) | W | S | - |
65 | SAR-8 |
Heterodermia podocarpa
| 10 | - | - | Β(12) | W | S | - |
66 | SAR-9 |
Parmelaria thomsonii
| 10 | 87.3 ± 7.1 | - | Β(10) | W | S | - |
67 | SAR-10 |
Everniastrum nepalenses
| 10 | - | - | Β(8) | S | S | - |
68 | SAR-11 |
Cladonia coccifera
| 10 | 23.5 ± 0.8 | - | - | I | S | - |
69 | SAR-12 |
Parmotrema reticulatum
| 5.7 | - | 53.1 ± 6.9 | - | S | S | - |
70 | SAR-13 |
Parmotrema sp. | 10 | 47.8 ± 1.3 | - | Α(9) | S | S | - |
71 | SAR-14 |
Parmelia omphalodes
| 10 | - | - | Α(10)B(11) | I | S | - |
72 | SAR-15 |
Parmotrema reticulatum
| 3.5 | 49.8 ± 0.1 | - | Β(9) | M | S | - |
73 | SAR-16 |
Parmotrema sp. | 1.5 | - | - | Β(8) | S | S | - |
74 | SAR-17 |
Heterodermia speciosa
| 6 | - | - | Α(7) | M | S | - |
75 | SAR-18 |
Parmotrema sp. | 8.6 | 49.9 ± 0.3 | - | - | S | S | - |
76 | SAR-19 |
Parmotrema sp. | 8.4 | - | - | Α(9) | S | S | - |
77 | SAR-20 |
Heterodermia microphylla
| 10 | - | - | Α(8) | W | S | - |
78 | SAR-21 |
Heterodermia microphylla
| 7.3 | - | - | - | I | I | - |
79 | SAR-22 |
Parmelia omphalodes
| 10 | - | - | - | S | S | - |
80 | SAR-23 |
Heterodermia microphylla
| 6.4 | - | 24.1 ± 0.4 | - | W | S | - |
81 | SAR-24 |
Heterodermia microphylla
| 1.2 | - | 45.8 ± 1.1 | Α(9) | I | S | - |
82 | SAR-25 |
Cladonia coccifera
| 0.6 | - | 47.9 ± 0.2 | - | I | S | - |
83 | SAR-26 |
Heterodermia speciosa
| 1.4 | - | 46.7 ± 1.3 | Β(13) | I | S | - |
84 | SAR-27 |
Pertusaria sp. | 0.4 | 49.3 ± 2.6 | - | Β(12) | I | S | - |
BHA | 5.0 ± 0.4 | ||||||||
Ampicillin(10 μg) | A(20),B(19) | ||||||||
Amphotericin B(10 μg) | 20 | ||||||||
Berberine chloride (8 μg) | W | ||||||||
Berberine chloride (12 μg) | M | ||||||||
Berberine chloride (16 μg) | S |