Introduction
Methods
Results
Characteristic | Participants with missing data (%) | Subcohort participants (n = 11,035) |
---|---|---|
Age (years) | 0 | 51.5 (45.0–59.0) |
Sex (female) | 0 | 7065 (64.0) |
BMI (kg/m2) | 0 | 25.5 (23.0–28.4) |
Waist (cm) | 8.9 | 85.0 (76.0–94.5) |
Highest school level | 0 | |
None | 943 (8.6) | |
Primary | 3613 (32.7) | |
Technical | 2418 (21.9) | |
Secondary | 1745 (15.8) | |
Further education | 2316 (21.0) | |
Smoking status | 0 | |
Never | 5356 (48.5) | |
Former | 2941 (26.7) | |
Current | 2738 (24.8) | |
Cambridge Index of Physical Activity | 0 | |
Inactive | 2754 (25.0) | |
Moderately inactive | 3800 (34.4) | |
Moderately active | 2500 (22.7) | |
Active | 1981 (18.0) | |
Energy intake (MJ/day) | 0 | 8.5 (6.9–10.5) |
Cereal fibre (g/day) | 0 | 7.2 (5.0–10.2) |
Fruit and vegetables (g/day) | 0 | 310 (189–467) |
Whey-containing dairy products (g/day) | 0 | 248 (129–409) |
Meat (g/day) | 0 | 70.0 (43.9–103.4) |
Olive oil (g/day) | 17.0 | 1.7 (0.0–19.9) |
Coffee (g/day) | 0 | 233 (83–500) |
Soft drinks (g/day) | 0 | 2.6 (0.0–64.3) |
Alcohol intake (g/day) | 0 | |
0 | 1928 (17.5) | |
>0–6 | 3976 (36.0) | |
>6–12 | 1649 (14.9) | |
>12–24 | 1709 (15.5) | |
>24 | 1773 (16.1) | |
Hypertension | 0.6 | 2116 (19.2) |
Hyperlipidaemia | 24.8 | 1617 (14.7) |
Stroke | 10.4 | 78 (0.7) |
Myocardial infarction | 1.8 | 134 (1.2) |
SNP | HR (95% CI) |
p
Interaction
| ||
---|---|---|---|---|
TCF7L2 rs12255372 (n
cases
/n
total) | GG (3,216/8,171) | GT (3,520/7,661) | TTa (906/1,807) | |
Whey-containing dairy (150 g/day) | 1.04 (1.00, 1.08) | 0.98 (0.94, 1.02) | 1.06 (0.97, 1.15) | 0.67 |
Cereal fibre (10 g/day) | 0.94 (0.81, 1.09) | 1.06 (0.92, 1.23) | 1.35 (0.97, 1.88) | 0.08 |
Coffee (125 g/day) | 0.99 (0.97, 1.02) | 0.96 (0.93, 0.98) | 0.93 (0.88, 0.98) | 0.048 |
Olive oil (10 g/day) (n
cases
/n
total)b
| 0.97 (0.91, 1.04) (2,546/6,459) | 0.98 (0.92, 1.04) (2,919/6,475) | 0.97 (0.88, 1.08) (781/1,585) | 0.67 |
TCF7L2 rs7903146 (n
cases
/n
total) | CC (3,197/8,196) | CT (3,622/7,896) | TTa (977/1,879) | |
Whey-containing dairy (150 g/day) | 1.04 (1.00, 1.08) | 0.99 (0.95, 1.03) | 1.02 (0.94, 1.11) | 0.89 |
Cereal fibre (10 g/day) | 0.94 (0.81, 1.09) | 1.06 (0.92, 1.24) | 1.13 (0.83, 1.54) | 0.30 |
Coffee (125 g/day) | 0.99 (0.97, 1.01) | 0.95 (0.93, 0.98) | 0.95 (0.90, 1.00) | 0.08 |
Olive oil (10 g/day) (n
cases
/n
total)b
| 0.98 (0.92, 1.04) (2,539/6,500) | 1.00 (0.94, 1.06) (3,002/6,659) | 0.90 (0.81, 0.98) (835/1,630) | 0.90 |
KCNQ1 rs163171 (n
cases
/n
total) | CC (4,647/10,652) | CT (2,605/6,110) | TTa (391/883) | |
Whey-containing dairy (150 g/day) | 1.03 (0.99, 1.06) | 1.01 (0.96, 1.05) | 1.09 (0.94, 1.25) | 0.77 |
Cereal fibre (10 g/day) | 1.04 (0.92, 1.19) | 0.93 (0.79, 1.11) | 0.64 (0.36, 1.16) | 0.18 |
Coffee (125 g/day) | 0.98 (0.96, 1.00) | 0.95 (0.92, 0.98) | 1.03 (0.95, 1.11) | 0.75 |
Olive oil (10 g/day) (n
cases
/n
total)b
| 0.99 (0.94, 1.04) (3,862/8,841) | 0.95 (0.89, 1.02) (2,083/4,985) | 0.97 (0.78, 1.22) (302/699) | 0.56 |
KCNQ1 rs163184 (n
cases
/n
total) | TT (2,007/4,850) | GT (3,971/9,135) | GGa (1,977/4,367) | |
Whey-containing dairy (150 g/day) | 1.01 (0.96, 1.07) | 1.00 (0.97, 1.04) | 1.02 (0.97, 1.07) | 0.59 |
Cereal fibre (10 g/day) | 0.97 (0.80, 1.17) | 0.89 (0.77, 1.03) | 1.17 (0.98, 1.40) | 0.69 |
Coffee (125 g/day) | 0.97 (0.94, 1.00) | 0.97 (0.95, 0.99) | 0.97 (0.93, 1.00) | 0.22 |
Olive oil (10 g/day) (n
cases
/n
total)b
| 1.00 (0.93, 1.08) (1,668/4,025) | 0.96 (0.91, 1.01) (3,240/7,551) | 0.94 (0.87, 1.01) (1,591/3,529) | 0.97 |
KCNQ1 rs2237892 (n
cases
/n
total) | CCa (6,148/13,869) | CT (701/1,647) | TT (20/61) | |
Whey-containing dairy (150 g/day) | 1.01 (0.98, 1.04) | 1.09 (1.00, 1.19) | –c
| 0.56 |
Cereal fibre (10 g/day) | 0.99 (0.88, 1.11) | 0.97 (0.69, 1.37) | –c
| 0.81 |
Coffee (125 g/day) | 0.98 (0.96, 0.99) | 0.97 (0.92, 1.02) | –c
| 0.27 |
Olive oil (10 g/day) (n
cases
/n
total)b
| 0.95 (0.91, 0.99) (5,100/11,579) | 1.17 (0.98, 1.39) (529/1,250) | –c (13/38) | 0.07 |
GIPR rs10423928 (n
cases/n
total) | TT (4,925/11,548) | AT (2,684/6,014) | AAa (345/784) | |
Whey-containing dairy (150 g/day) | 1.04 (1.00,1.07) | 0.99 (0.95, 1.04) | 1.04 (0.90, 1.22) | 0.51 |
Cereal fibre (10 g/day) | 0.98 (0.87, 1.12) | 1.18 (1.00, 1.40) | 0.66 (0.43, 1.01) | 0.55 |
Coffee (125 g/day) | 0.97 (0.95, 0.99) | 0.97 (0.94, 0.99) | 0.93 (0.85, 1.02) | 0.92 |
Olive oil (10 g/day) (n
cases
/n
total)b
| 0.93 (0.88, 0.98) (3,989/9,439) | 1.04 (0.97, 1.11) (2,226/5,003) | 1.38 (1.02, 1.85) (283/657) | 0.050 |
WFS1 rs10010131 (n
cases/n
total) | GGa (2,857/6,392) | AG (3,424/8,095) | AA (1,185/2,773) | |
Whey-containing dairy (150 g/day) | 1.00 (0.96, 1.04) | 1.04 (1.00, 1.08) | 0.99 (0.92, 1.07) | 0.95 |
Cereal fibre (10 g/day) | 1.02 (0.86, 1.20) | 0.99 (0.85, 1.14) | 0.81 (0.63, 1.04) | 0.72 |
Coffee (125 g/day) | 0.97 (0.95, 1.00) | 0.98 (0.96, 1.00) | 0.94 (0.91, 0.98) | 0.49 |
Olive oil (10 g/day) (n
cases
/n
total)b
| 0.98 (0.92, 1.04) (2,378/5,346) | 0.97 (0.91, 1.03) (2,783/6,616) | 0.92 (0.84, 1.01) (935/2,215) | 0.27 |
Genetic risk scorea
|
p
Interaction
| |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0–3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7–10 | ||
n
cases/n
total
| 642/1710 | 1188/2890 | 1684/3780 | 1509/3331 | 1147/2326 | |
Whey-containing dairy (150 g/day) | 0.96 (0.86, 1.06) | 1.09 (1.03, 1.16) | 0.98 (0.93, 1.03) | 1.00 (0.95, 1.06) | 1.03 (0.96, 1.10) | 0.90 |
Cereal fibre (10 g/day) | 0.96 (0.70, 1.30) | 0.84 (0.65, 1.09) | 0.85 (0.68, 1.05) | 0.96 (0.77, 1.21) | 1.07 (0.84, 1.36) | 0.79 |
Coffee (125 g/day) | 0.99 (0.94, 1.04) | 0.97 (0.93, 1.02) | 0.97 (0.94, 1.00) | 0.96 (0.92, 0.99) | 0.95 (0.90, 0.99) | 0.005 |
n
cases/n
total
| 489/1304 | 945/2338 | 1383/3131 | 1249/2776 | 972/1984 | |
Olive oilb (10 g/day) | 0.88 (0.75, 1.03) | 0.98 (0.88, 1.08) | 0.97 (0.88, 1.06) | 0.96 (0.88, 1.05) | 0.98 (0.89, 1.08) | 0.27 |