Background
Methods
Study design
Sample size calculation
Procedures
Instruments
Data analysis
Results
Characteristics of the sample
Characteristics | ||
---|---|---|
People with dementia | n | = 73 |
Age in yearsa | 87.38 | (±7.71) |
Femalea | 38 | (71.7%) |
Length of stay in nursing home in monthsa | 34.57 | (±31.14) |
Care dependency levelsa, b | ||
• None | 0 | (0.0%) |
• considerable (= I) | 9 | (17.0%) |
• severe (= II) | 25 | (47.2%) |
• most severe (≥ III) | 19 | (35.8%) |
Dementia Screening Scale (DSS) | 9.01 | (±3.14) |
• mild or moderate dementia (3–7) | 28 | (38.4%) |
• severe dementia (8–14) | 45 | (61.6%) |
Challenging behaviour (CMAI)a | 34.87 | (±10.48) |
Caregivers (proxy-raters) | n | = 8 c |
Age in years | 34.75 | (±13.76) |
Female | 8 | (100.0%) |
Registered nurses | 5 | (62.5%) |
Working experience in years | 9.38 | (±5.63) |
Working hours per week | 38.75 | (±3.54) |
Experience in proxy-ratings | ||
• no | 6 | (75.0%) |
• yes, at least once | 1 | (12.5%) |
• yes, regularly (≥ twice a month) | 1 | (12.5%) |
Item distribution
QoL-AD proxy (proxy-proxy perspective), n = 73 | QoL-AD NH proxy (proxy-person perspective), n = 73 | ||||||||||||||||
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No. | Item | response options | descriptive | No. | Item | response options | descriptive | ||||||||||
How do you judge … | poor | fair | good | excellent | missing | mean (±SD) | How do you think the resident would judge his/her … | poor | fair | good | excellent | missing | mean (±SD) | ||||
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | ||||||||||
1. | … the physical health of the resident? | 27 | 41 | 67 | 11 | 0 | 2.42 | (±0.88) | 1. | … physical health? | 39 | 49 | 47 | 11 | 0 | 2.21 | (±0.92) |
2. | … the energy of the resident? | 37 | 39 | 63 | 7 | 0 | 2.27 | (±0.90) | 2. | … energy? | 29 | 54 | 59 | 4 | 0 | 2.26 | (±0.81) |
3. | … the mood of the resident? | 25 | 62 | 55 | 4 | 0 | 2.26 | (±0.77) | 3. | … mood? | 27 | 55 | 53 | 10 | 1 | 2.32 | (±0.86) |
4. | … the living situation of the resident? | 4 | 23 | 103 | 16 | 0 | 2.90 | (±0.61) | 4. | … living situation? | 23 | 44 | 70 | 9 | 0 | 2.45 | (±0.83) |
5. | … the memory of the resident? | 72 | 55 | 17 | 2 | 0 | 1.65 | (±0.74) | 5. | … memory? | 27 | 38 | 67 | 14 | 0 | 2.47 | (±0.90) |
6. | … the family of the resident? | 36 | 28 | 45 | 37 | 0 | 2.57 | (±1.12) | 6. | … family? | 23 | 25 | 59 | 37 | 2 | 2.76 | (±1.01) |
7. | … the marriage of the resident? | 55 | 14 | 39 | 37 | 1 | 2.40 | (±1.23) | |||||||||
8. | … the friends of the resident? | 61 | 37 | 35 | 8 | 5 | 1.93 | (±0.95) | 7. | … friends? | 34 | 27 | 51 | 25 | 9 | 2.49 | (±1.06) |
9. | … his−/herself as a whole? | 4 | 63 | 72 | 7 | 0 | 2.56 | (±0.63) | 8. | … -self overall? | 10 | 44 | 72 | 20 | 0 | 2.70 | (±0.79) |
10. | … the ability of the resident to do chores around the house? | 93 | 40 | 13 | 0 | 0 | 1.45 a | (±0.65) | 9. | … ability to keep busy? | 21 | 46 | 69 | 9 | 1 | 2.46 | (±0.82) |
11. | … the ability of the resident to do things for fun? | 78 | 36 | 29 | 3 | 0 | 1.71 | (±0.86) | 10. | … ability to do things for fun? | 21 | 64 | 55 | 6 | 0 | 2.32 | (±0.77) |
12. | … the money of the resident? | 13 | 38 | 35 | 18 | 42 | 2.56 | (±0.92) | |||||||||
11. | b… people who work here? | 12 | 25 | 92 | 16 | 1 | 2.77 | (±0.75) | |||||||||
12. | … ability to take care of him−/herself? | 43 | 38 | 54 | 11 | 0 | 2.23 | (±0.96) | |||||||||
13. | … ability to live with others? | 19 | 58 | 62 | 7 | 0 | 2.39 | (±0.77) | |||||||||
14. | … ability to make choices in his/her life? | 26 | 41 | 62 | 17 | 0 | 2.48 | (±0.92) | |||||||||
13. | … life as a whole? | 8 | 69 | 66 | 1 | 2 | 2.42 | (±0.61) | 15. | … life as a whole? | 13 | 60 | 67 | 6 | 0 | 2.45 | (±0.72) |
Frequencies of the response options and missing’s in total | n | 513 | 545 | 639 | 151 | 50 | Frequencies of the response options and missing’s in total | n | 367 | 668 | 939 | 202 | 14 | ||||
% | 27.76 | 29.49 | 34.58 | 8.17 | 2.63 | % | 16.87 | 30.70 | 43.15 | 9.28 | 0.64 | ||||||
Qol-AD proxy score | 1 Rating | 25 | 30.13 | (±5.72) c | Qol-AD NH proxy score | 1 Rating | 7 | 38.76 | (±7.84) c | ||||||||
2 Rating | 24 | 30.08 | (±5.76) c | 2 Rating | 4 | 35.27 | (±7.11) c |
Inter-rater reliability
QoL-AD poxy | (n = 39) f | ICC (95% CI): | 0.65 [0.79 | (0.42–0.80) a (0.60–0.89)] b | QoL-AD NH proxy | (n = 62) f | ICC (95% CI): | 0.18 [0.31 | (− 0.05–0.40) a (− 0.10–0.57)] b |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(without item 12, n = 65) | ICC (95% CI): | 0.63 [0.77 | (0.45–0.76) a (0.62–0.86)] b | ||||||
No. | How do you judge … | poc | κw | (95% CI) d | No. | How do you think the resident would judge his/her … | poc | κw | (95% CI) d |
1. | … the physical health of the resident? | 0.49 | 0.36 | (0.19–0.51) | 1. | … physical health? | 0.44 | 0.30 | (0.12–0.46) |
2. | … the energy of the resident? | 0.45 | 0.32 | (0.16–0.47) | 2. | … energy? | 0.37 | 0.08 | (−0.09–0.25) |
3. | … the mood of the resident? | 0.51 | 0.33 | (0.18–0.48) | 3. | … mood? | 0.35 | 0.11 | (−0.07–0.28) |
4. | … the living situation of the resident? | 0.59 | 0.19 | (0.05–0.34) | 4. | … living situation? | 0.29 | −0.03 | (−0.16–0.11) |
5. | … the memory of the resident? | 0.49 | 0.21 | (0.03–0.39) | 5. | … memory? | 0.44 | 0.16 | (−0.01–0.33) |
6. | … the family of the resident? | 0.52 | 0.55 | (0.41–0.67) | 6. | … family? | 0.39 | 0.30 | (0.13–0.46) |
7. | … the marriage of the resident? | 0.47 | 0.37 | (0.20–0.53) | |||||
8. | … the friends of the resident? | 0.40 | 0.19 | (0.01–0.36) | 7. | … friends? | 0.30 | 0.11 | (−0.07–0.28) |
9. | … his−/herself as a whole? | 0.49 | 0.15 | (−0.03–0.32) | 8. | … -self overall? | 0.44 | 0.05 | (−0.09–0.2) |
10. | … the ability of the resident to do chores around the house? | 0.56 | 0.23 | (0.08–0.38) | 9. | … ability to keep busy? | 0.38 | 0.07 | (−0.10–0.24) |
11. | … the ability of the resident to do things for fun? | 0.42 | 0.18 | (0.02–0.33) | 10. | … ability to do things for fun? | 0.36 | −0.01 | (−0.19–0.18) |
12. | … the money of the resident? | 0.33 | 0.07 | (−0.11–0.25) | |||||
11. | f… people who work here? | 0.43 | 0.11 | (−0.06–0.27) | |||||
12. | … ability to take care of him−/herself? | 0.33 | 0.12 | (−0.04–0.27) | |||||
13. | … ability to live with others? | 0.42 | 0.16 | (0.00–0.31) | |||||
14. | … ability to make choices in his/her life? | 0.36 | 0.11 | (−0.04–0.27) | |||||
13. | … life as a whole? | 0.63 | 0.36 | (0.19–0.53) | 15. | … life as a whole? | 0.55 | 0.38 | (0.19–0.53) |