With an estimated affected population of over 3 billion people, of which 530 million are children, dental caries is one of the most common chronic diseases worldwide despite being generally preventable [ 1 ]. According to the Global Burden of …

Stafne bone defect (SBD) is a rare developmental bone defect characterized by an asymptomatic focal concavity of the cortical bone, typically on the lingual aspect of the mandibular body, which generally contains salivary gland tissue. It can be …

Biological gender determination is one of the first steps of the identification process. In order to conclude this process with effective and highly reliable data, scientifically proven methods should be used. Fingerprints, DNA analysis, tooth and …

The foramen tympanicum (FT), also known as the foramen of Huschke, described for the first time in 1889 by Emil Huschke, is an anatomic variation that affects adult individuals [ 1 – 4 ]. Usually, it is present in newborns and closes at around 5 …

In addition to DNA analysis and fingerprint comparisons, teeth play a crucial role in human identification due to their resilience to postmortem changes, both macroscopically and microscopically. Furthermore, the determination of chronological age …

Arthrocentesis of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is recognized as a preservative treatment method for mandibular condylar head fractures. It reduces joint pain and increases the range of mouth opening in the early stage of treatment [ 1 ].

The masticatory system consists of teeth, joints, muscles and bones and is responsible for speaking, chewing, tasting, swallowing and breathing. This system is regulated by a complex neurological control mechanism [ 1 ]. A problem that may occur in …

The recent advancements in Artificial Intelligence (AI) and its implementation in Computer-Aided Diagnosis (CAD) for quick, early, and accurate detection of oral and maxillofacial lesions have revolutionized the field of diagnostic medicine. AI is …

Mandibular nerve, the largest branch of trigeminal nerve is a significant anatomical structure to be considered during surgical procedures in the field of dentistry. As a mixed nerve, it provides sensory innervation to the teeth, skin and mucosa …

Dental caries is a prevalent oral health issue with global impact, potentially leading to pain, infection, and tooth loss if left untreated [ 1 ]. It affects approximately 60% of the population, spanning ages 18 to over 60, in both developed and …

Mandibular fractures are a common type of craniofacial injury [ 1 ]. Their epidemiology and etiology vary across regions, being influenced largely by economic, social, cultural, and traffic conditions [ 1 – 3 ]. They are most commonly noted in …

The fractal analysis (FA) method is a mathematical method used for analyzing complex objects. The concept of fractal was first introduced by Mandelbrot in 1982. It was derived from the Latin word ‘fractus’, meaning broken [ 1 ]. In fractal …

Periodontitis is a local chronic inflammatory disease of the tooth-supporting connective tissues that leads to the progressive destruction of the periodontal ligament and alveolar bone under severe conditions [ 1 ]. Without timely treatment, it can …

The anterior maxilla is a site of frequent surgical intervention including the placement of dental implants, orthognathic surgery, endodontic surgery, and the removal of impacted teeth [ 1 – 8 ]. Intimate knowledge of the anatomical variations …

Sjögren’s syndrome (SjS) is an autoimmune disease that targets the salivary and lacrimal glands and results in lymphocytic infiltration. Affected gland parenchyma loses its function, and fatty degeneration eventually occurs [ 1 , 2 ]. Several …

Fibrous dysplasia (FD) is generally considered to be a benign disease that affects the bones, but it has potential to become malignant over time, generally several decades after its initial diagnosis. Radiation therapy can induce malignant …

A normal sinus will not be observed on a radiograph if there is not an increase in mucosal thickness or an irritation by an allergic or infectious agent [ 1 ]. Mild maxillary sinus mucosal thickening is a normal finding in asymptomatic individuals …

Functional orthopedic devices have been used for many years to stimulate mandibular growth in the treatment of Class II malocclusions [ 1 ]. While studies report cell proliferation in the condylar cartilage and an increase in mandibular length …