Paget disease of bone (PDB) is a focal disorder of bone metabolism characterized by an abnormal, accelerated rate of bone remodeling at one (monostotic PDB) or more (polyostotic PDB) skeletal sites [ 1 ]. The prevalence of PDB in the elderly …
verfasst von:
Irit Ayalon-Dangur, Yaron Rudman, Gloria Tsvetov, Ilana Slutzky-Shraga, Amit Akirov, Ilan Shimon, Dania Hirsch, Alexander Gorshtein
Primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) is an endocrine disorder caused by either parathyroid adenoma, parathyroid hyperplasia, or parathyroid carcinoma [ 1 ]. The disorder is relatively common, with an incidence of 66 per 100,000 person-years in …
verfasst von:
Mandy K. Salmon, Christian G. Fritz, Louis-Xavier Barrette, Dominic Romeo, Neeraj V. Suresh, Jinggang J. Ng, Eesha Balar, Aman Prasad, Alvaro Moreira, Karthik Rajasekaran
Osteoglycin is a proteoglycan that derives from bone, cartilage, and muscle and is hypothesized to have endocrine effects on bone and pancreas [ 1 ]. In a study in mice treated with osteoglycin, a dose-dependent lowering of blood glucose was found …
verfasst von:
Jakob Starup-Linde, Sidse Westberg-Rasmussen, Rikke Viggers, Zheer Kejlberg Al-Mashhadi, Aase Handberg, Peter Vestergaard, Søren Gregersen
Adult growth hormone deficiency (AGHD) is an uncommon condition caused by various etiologies, including hereditary and acquired disorders that impair the synthesis and secretion of growth hormone (GH) from the pituitary gland [ 1 ]. The main …
verfasst von:
Hongbo Yang, Meiping Chen, Hanyuan Xu, Yunfeng Zhen, Yuelun Zhang, Linjie Wang, Lian Duan, Fengying Gong, Huijuan Zhu, Hui Pan
The term congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) refers to a group of inherited autosomal recessive disorders characterized by the impairment of enzymes involved in the adrenal steroidogenesis [ 1 ].
verfasst von:
Mariangela Chiarito, Crescenza Lattanzio, Vito D’Ascanio, Donatella Capalbo, Paolo Cavarzere, Anna Grandone, Francesca Aiello, Giorgia Pepe, Malgorzata Wasniewska, Thomas Zoller, Mariacarolina Salerno, Maria Felicia Faienza
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic systemic metabolic disorder caused by a relative or absolute deficiency of insulin secretion and dysfunction of insulin action and mainly manifests as elevated blood glucose. According to the International …
Thyroid nodules are common endocrine system disorders. Thyroid nodules that are incidentally found are becoming more common as a result of the extensive use of neck ultrasonography screening in clinical practice. The vast majority of thyroid …
Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), previously known as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), is the main cause of chronic liver disease in children and adolescents. Indeed, epidemiological studies have shown that …
verfasst von:
Anastasios Serbis, Stergios A. Polyzos, Stavroula A. Paschou, Ekaterini Siomou, Dimitrios N. Kiortsis
Graves’ Orbitopathy (GO) is an orbital autoimmune disorder, representing the most common extra-thyroidal manifestation of Graves’ Disease (~30% of patients) [ 1 ]. GO clinical presentation variably includes proptosis, eyelid retraction, palpebral …
verfasst von:
Martina Verrienti, Irene Gagliardi, Luisa Valente, Antonio Stefanelli, Luca Borgatti, Elena Franco, Manlio Galiè, Marta Bondanelli, Maria Chiara Zatelli, Maria Rosaria Ambrosio
Insulin resistance (IR), associated with inflammation and endothelial damage, is an important contributor to cardiovascular disease (CVD) [ 1 – 3 ]. The homeostasis model assessment of IR (HOMA-IR), based on fasting glucose and insulin levels, is …
verfasst von:
Yan Li, Ming Yi, Xinyi Wang, Yinghua Zhang, Keling Xiao, Jin Si, Lijie Sun, Haoyu Zhang, Jinghao Sun, Zhaoli Liu, Jing Zhao, Xi Chu, Jing Li
Nutritional therapy is an indispensable part of diabetes treatment. A registered dietitian or health care provider provides people with diabetes an individualized nutrition therapy based on their specific needs and health status and is recommended …
Neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) are a heterogeneous group of malignancies originating from cells with a neuroendocrine phenotype, diffused in many organs and tissues, with variable aggressiveness and clinical behavior [ 1 ]. They mainly arise in …
verfasst von:
Roberta Modica, Anna La Salvia, Alessia Liccardi, Alessia Cozzolino, Antonella Di Sarno, Flaminia Russo, Annamaria Colao, Antongiulio Faggiano, on behalf of NIKE group
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) affects millions of people and has become the most common chronic liver disease, at least in western societies [ 1 ]. Its rapidly increasing prevalence has been largely attributed to the rising rates of …
Primary aldosteronism (PA) is the most frequent cause of secondary hypertension and is associated with a higher cardiometabolic risk than essential hypertension. The aim of this consensus is to provide practical clinical recommendations for its …
verfasst von:
Marta Araujo-Castro, Jorge Gabriel Ruiz-Sánchez, Paola Parra Ramírez, Patricia Martín Rojas-Marcos, Almudena Aguilera-Saborido, Jorge Francisco Gómez Cerezo, Nieves López Lazareno, María Eugenia Torregrosa, Jorge Gorrín Ramos, Josep Oriola, Esteban Poch, Anna Oliveras, José Vicente Méndez Monter, Isabel Gómez Muriel, María Rosa Bella-Cueto, Enrique Mercader Cidoncha, Isabelle Runkle, Felicia A. Hanzu
Puberty is a complex phenomenon occurring over several years with concomitant physical, hormonal, metabolic, psychological, and behavioural changes [ 1 ]. Physical pubertal changes are mainly the appearance of secondary sexual characteristics, the …
verfasst von:
Alessandra Li Pomi, Perla Scalini, Salvatore De Masi, Domenico Corica, Giorgia Pepe, Malgorzata Wasniewska, Stefano Stagi
The incidence of thyroid carcinoma in the United States has gradually increased after 1974. Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is the most common type of thyroid cancer [ 1 , 2 ]. The risk factors of poor outcomes in PTC patients included tumor size …
verfasst von:
Shuai Dong, Jun Pan, Xiao-Long Du, Xiao-Jun Xie, Qing Xia, Yi-Jun Wu
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are widely applied for advanced cancers. ICIs exert their antitumor effects by inhibiting the transmission of immunosuppressive signals and deactivating the suppression of the T-cell immune response [ 1 ]. This …
Differentiated thyroid carcinomas (DTCs), including papillary and follicular carcinoma, account for more than 90 percent of all cases of thyroid cancer. Their primary treatment involves surgery, followed by radioiodine administration in selected …
verfasst von:
Cristina Basso, Alessandra Colapinto, Valentina Vicennati, Alessandra Gambineri, Carla Pelusi, Guido Di Dalmazi, Elisa Lodi Rizzini, Elena Tabacchi, Arber Golemi, Letizia Calderoni, Stefano Fanti, Uberto Pagotto, Andrea Repaci
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is the most common metabolic complication of pregnancy. GDM’s prevalence is estimated at 9–14%, with a worldwide variation due to several socioenvironmental factors (maternal age, weight, nutrition, etc.) and …
verfasst von:
Anastasia Angelopoulou, Kleoniki I. Athanasiadou, Maria Zairi, Evangelia Zapanti, Vasiliki Vasileiou, Stavroula A. Paschou, Eleni Anastasiou
