Background
Methods
Study Setting
Study design
Data collection
Data Analysis
Ethic consideration
Results
General characteristics of subjects
Variable | No. | % | |
---|---|---|---|
Age groups (years)
| ≤ 20 | 11 | 2.3 |
20- | 181 | 38.1 | |
25- | 131 | 27.6 | |
30- | 100 | 21.1 | |
≥ 35 | 52 | 10.9 | |
Duration of living in Shanghai (years)
| <1 | 108 | 22.7 |
1- | 138 | 29.1 | |
3- | 105 | 22.1 | |
≥5 | 124 | 26.1 | |
Education
| Professional college or higher | 9 | 1.9 |
Senior high school (9~12 years) | 41 | 8.7 | |
Junior high school (6~9 years) | 291 | 61.5 | |
Primary school (≤ 6 years) | 96 | 20.3 | |
Illiterate | 36 | 7.6 | |
Occupation
| Non-labor worker | 62 | 13.1 |
Labor worker | 259 | 54.5 | |
Unemployed | 154 | 32.4 | |
Previous induced/spontaneous abortion
| No | 284 | 59.8 |
Yes | 191 | 40.2 | |
Previous deliveries
| 0 | 212 | 44.6 |
1 | 216 | 45.5 | |
≥ 2 | 47 | 9.9 | |
Husband's residence
| Shanghai resident | 39 | 8.2 |
Non-Shanghai resident | 436 | 91.8 | |
Husband's education
| Professional college or higher | 20 | 4.2 |
Senior high school (9~12 years) | 80 | 16.8 | |
Junior high school (6~9 years) | 303 | 63.8 | |
Primary school (≤ 6 years) | 58 | 12.2 | |
Illiterate | 14 | 2.9 | |
Husband's occupation
| Non-labor worker | 123 | 25.9 |
Labor worker | 352 | 74.1 | |
Annual family Income (CNY)
| <20000 | 190 | 40.0 |
20000- | 236 | 49.7 | |
≥ 50000 | 49 | 10.3 | |
Antenatal care (times)
| 0 | 18 | 3.8 |
1- | 283 | 59.6 | |
≥ 5 | 174 | 36.6 |
Knowledge on maternal health
Knowledge on maternal health care | No. of Subjects with correct answer | % |
---|---|---|
Do you think antenatal care is needed? | 338 | 71.2 |
Should first antenatal examination be done within the first 3 months? | 208 | 43.8 |
Is it needed to count fetal movement everyday in the late stage of pregnancy? | 287 | 60.4 |
Can anemia be prevented by eating more iron-contained food during pregnancy? | 234 | 49.3 |
Does pregnant woman need calcium supply? | 323 | 68.0 |
Should pregnant woman often check blood pressure? | 318 | 66.9 |
What action should be taken after amniotic fluid breaks? (keep lying, keep sitting, no special attention, or unknown) | 304 | 64.0 |
Is it needed to go to hospital when severe headache happens? | 448 | 94.3 |
Is it needed to go to hospital when vision problem happens? | 438 | 92.2 |
At which stage of pregnancy does newborn deformity most likely to happen? (<12 weeks, 12–28 weeks, >28 weeks, unknown) | 137 | 28.8 |
Which method is better for feeding newborns (breast feeding vs. milk powder feeding)? | 444 | 93.5 |
Should child be vaccinated? | 455 | 95.8 |
Attitude and willingness toward maternal health care
Question | answer | % |
---|---|---|
What is the main reason for not attending antenatal care as required?
| ||
No time | 55 | 11.6 |
Transportation inconvenience | 36 | 7.6 |
Financial difficulties | 277 | 58.3 |
No need | 45 | 9.5 |
Physician's bad attitude | 15 | 3.2 |
Others | 47 | 9.7 |
Would you like to get instruction of infant feeding from health worker?
| ||
Yes | 374 | 78.7 |
Doesn't matter | 58 | 12.2 |
No | 43 | 9.1 |
Would you like to be visited by health worker during postpartum period?
| ||
Yes | 312 | 65.7 |
Doesn't matter | 93 | 19.6 |
No | 70 | 14.7 |
How long would you like to breastfeed?
| ||
0–3 months | 38 | 8.0 |
4–10 months | 267 | 56.2 |
11 months and above | 170 | 35.8 |
When would you like to return to work after giving birth?
| ||
0–2 months | 191 | 40.2 |
3–6 months | 130 | 27.4 |
7 months and above | 154 | 32.4 |
Distribution of knowledge score and it's contributing factors
Variable | No. | M ± s | Statistical results | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age groups (yrs)
| <25 | 192 | 8.49 ± 2.48 |
F = 10.101 |
P
< 0.001
|
25~ | 131 | 8.98 ± 2.31 | |||
30~ | 100 | 7.54 ± 2.61 | |||
≥35 | 52 | 7.19 ± 2.76 | |||
Duration in Shanghai (yrs)
| <3 | 246 | 8.14 ± 2.42 |
t = 1.233 |
P = 0.218 |
≥3 | 229 | 8.43 ± 2.70 | |||
Education (yrs)
| ≤ 6 | 132 | 6.72 ± 2.33 |
t = 8.891 |
P
< 0.001
|
>6 | 343 | 8.89 ± 2.39 | |||
Occupation
| Unemployed | 154 | 7.79 ± 2.63 |
F = 7.283 |
P
= 0.001
|
Non-labor worker | 62 | 9.22 ± 2.56 | |||
Labor worker | 259 | 8.35 ± 2.45 | |||
Previous deliveries
| Primipara | 212 | 8.94 ± 2.46 |
t = 5.222 |
P
< 0.001
|
Multipara | 263 | 7.74 ± 2.52 | |||
Previous abortion
| no | 284 | 8.19 ± 2.57 |
t = 0.990 |
P = 0.323 |
yes | 191 | 8.42 ± 2.56 | |||
Husband's residence
| Shanghai | 39 | 10.28 ± 2.02 |
t = 5.223 |
P
< 0.001
|
Non-Shanghai | 436 | 8.11 ± 2.53 | |||
Husband's education (yrs)
| ≤ 6 | 72 | 6.47 ± 2.16 |
t = 6.806 |
P
< 0.001
|
>6 | 403 | 8.61 ± 2.50 | |||
Husband's occupation
| Non-labor worker | 123 | 9.07 ± 2.42 |
t = 3.996 |
P
< 0.001
|
labor worker | 352 | 8.01 ± 2.56 | |||
Annual family income (CNY)
| <20000 | 189 | 7.38 ± 2.66 |
F = 29.006 |
P
< 0.001
|
20000- | 237 | 8.62 ± 2.36 | |||
≥ 50000 | 49 | 10.10 ± 1.54 | |||
Antenatal care visit (times)
| <5 | 301 | 7.60 ± 2.53 |
t = 8.070 |
P
< 0.001
|
≥ 5 | 174 | 9.45 ± 2.17 |
Variable
|
χ
2
|
P
| OR | 95% CI | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age groups (yrs)
| ≥ 35 | 1.000 | ||||
30~ | 0.209 | 0.647 | 0.812 | 0.332 | 1.984 | |
25~ | 0.022 | 0.881 | 1.064 | 0.471 | 2.404 | |
<25 | 0.231 | 0.631 | 0.819 | 0.362 | 1.852 | |
Education (yrs)
| ≤ 6 | 1.000 | ||||
>6 | 15.670 |
<0.001
| 3.254 | 1.814 | 5.837 | |
Occupation
| Labor worker | 1.000 | ||||
Unemployed | 0.667 | 0.414 | 0.821 | 0.511 | 1.318 | |
Non-labor worker | 0.179 | 0.672 | 1.185 | 0.541 | 2.594 | |
Duration in Shanghai (yrs)
| <3 | 1.000 | ||||
≥ 3 | 0.031 | 0.860 | 0.961 | 0.616 | 1.499 | |
Previous abortion
| Yes | 1.000 | ||||
No | 1.431 | 0.232 | 0.764 | 0.492 | 1.187 | |
Previous delivery
| Primipara | 1.000 | ||||
Multipara | 3.566 | 0.059 | 0.662 | 0.431 | 1.016 | |
Husband's residence
| Non-resident | 1.000 | ||||
Shanghai resident | 6.146 |
0.013
| 4.021 | 1.338 | 12.083 | |
Husband's education
| ≤ 6 | 1.000 | ||||
>6 | 3.002 | 0.083 | 1.859 | 0.922 | 3.750 | |
Husband's occupation
| Labor worker | 1.000 | ||||
Non-labor worker | 1.061 | 0.303 | 1.343 | 0.766 | 2.352 | |
Annual family income (CNY)
| <20000 | 1.000 | ||||
20000- | 2.479 | 0.115 | 1.430 | 0.916 | 2.233 | |
≥ 50000 | 6.934 |
0.008
| 3.343 | 1.361 | 8.209 |