Introduction
Materials and methods
Study framework
Study design
Sampling
Study population and target sample size
Definition of concepts and study variables
Data collection and analysis
Ethical considerations
Results
Characteristics of study population
General characteristic | Subclass | Count (%) | 95% C.I |
---|---|---|---|
Age groups (in years) | ≤ 30 | 1,050 (49.4) | 47.3—51.5 |
31 – 40 | 920 (43.3) | 41.2—45.4 | |
> 41 | 156 (7.3) | 6.3—8.5 | |
Mean age (\(\overline{x}\) ± SD) | 31.03 ± 6.58 | ||
Sex | Male | 378 (17.8) | 16.2—19.5 |
Female | 1,748 (82.2) | 80.5—83.8 | |
Relation to child | Mother | 1,805 (84.9) | 83.3—86.4 |
Caregiver | 321 (15.1) | 13.6—16.7 | |
Religion | Catholic | 81 (3.8) | 3.1—4.7 |
Protestant | 2,045 (96.2) | 95.3—96.9 | |
Not married | 452 (21.3) | 19.6—23.1 | |
Married | 1,674 (78.7) | 76.9—80.4 | |
Education | No Formal Education | 241 (11.3) | 10.1—12.7 |
Primary | 1,093 (51.4) | 49.3—53.5 | |
Secondary | 719 (33.8) | 31.8—35.9 | |
Tertiary | 73 (3.4) | 2.7—4.3 | |
Occupation | Artisan | 1,351 (63.5) | 61.5—65.6 |
Casual labour | 209 (9.8) | 8.6—11.2 | |
Civil Servant | 125 (5.9) | 5.0—6.9 | |
Unemployed | 441 (20.7) | 19.1—22.5 | |
# of Children in immunisation bracket | 01 | 2,047 (96.3) | 95.4—97.0 |
≥ 02 | 79 (3.7) | 3.0—4.6 | |
Mean children (\(\overline{x}\) ± SD) | 1.04 ± 0.24 | ||
Monthly Income ($) | < 100 | 1,669 (78.5) | 76.7—80.2 |
101–200 | 197 (9.3) | 8.1—10.6 | |
201–300 | 132 (6.2) | 5.3—7.3 | |
301–400 | 81 (3.8) | 3.1—4.7 | |
> 400 | 47 (2.2) | 1.7—2.9 |
Sources of vaccine information
Knowledge and trust of mothers/caregivers regarding childhood vaccination
Question | Response | Count (%) | 95% C.I | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Q30 | Vaccines are important for my health | Strongly Agree | 8 (0.4) | 0.2—0.7 |
Agree | 29 (1.4) | 0.9—2.0 | ||
Undecided | 2 (0.1) | 0.0 – 0.3 | ||
Disagree | 1,136 (53.4) | 51.3 – 55.5 | ||
Strongly Disagree | 951 (44.7) | 42.6 – 46.9 | ||
Q31 | Vaccines are effective | Strongly Agree | 986 (46.4) | 44.3—48.5 |
Agree | 969 (45.6) | 43.5—47.7 | ||
Undecided | 5 (0.2) | 0.1—0.6 | ||
Disagree | 123 (5.8) | 4.9—6.9 | ||
Strongly Disagree | 43 (2.0) | 1.5—2.7 | ||
Q32 | Getting myself vaccinated is important for the health of others in my community | Strongly Agree | 802 (37.7) | 35.7—39.8 |
Agree | 1,255 (59.0) | 56.9—61.1 | ||
Undecided | 17 (0.8) | 0.5—1.3 | ||
Disagree | 27 (1.3) | 0.9—1.8 | ||
Strongly Disagree | 25 (1.2) | 0.8—1.7 | ||
Q33 | All vaccines are beneficial to the community | Strongly Agree | 1,048 (49.3) | 47.2—51.4 |
Agree | 1,032 (48.5) | 46.4—50.7 | ||
Undecided | 16 (0.8) | 0.5—1.2 | ||
Disagree | 16 (0.8) | 0.5—1.2 | ||
Strongly Disagree | 14 (0.7) | 0.4—1.1 | ||
Q36 | Getting vaccinated is a good way to protect myself from disease | Strongly Agree | 607 (28.6) | 26.7—30.5 |
Agree | 1,442 (67.8) | 65.8 – 69.8 | ||
Undecided | 28 (1.3) | 0.9—1.9 | ||
Disagree | 25 (1.2) | 0.8—1.7 | ||
Strongly Disagree | 24 (1.1) | 0.8—1.7 |
Binomial regression | Multinomial Regression | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
S/N | Characteristic | n (%) | χ2 | p – value | OR (95% C.I) | aOR (95% C.I) | p—value |
1 | Age (in years) | ||||||
≤ 30 (Ref) | 998 (49.2) | 1.249 | 5.3 × 10–1 | 1.0 | 1.0 | Ref | |
31 – 40 | 881 (43.4) | *1.2 (0.7 – 1.8) | *1.2 (0.9 – 1.5) | 1.0 × 10–1 | |||
≥ 41 | 151 (7.4) | *1.4 (0.5 – 3.7) | *1.6 (0.8 – 2.9) | 1.3 × 10–1 | |||
2 | # of Children in immunisation bracket | ||||||
01 child (Ref) | 1,953 (96.2) | 0.347 | 6.0 × 10–1 | 1.0 | 1.0 | Ref | |
≥ 02 Children | 77 (3.8) | *1.7 (0.4 – 7.4) | *2.4 (0.8 – 6.5) | 9.0 × 10–2 | |||
3 | Sex | ||||||
Female (Ref) | 1,659 (81.7) | 6.833 | 9.0 × 10–3 | 1.0 | 1.0 | Ref | |
Male | 371 (18.3) | *1.7 (0.6 – 4.6) | *2.4 (1.2 – 4.8) | 1.2 × 10–2 | |||
4 | Relationship | ||||||
Mother (Ref) | 1,714 (84.4) | 6.885 | 9.0 × 10–3 | 1.0 | 1.0 | Ref | |
Caregiver | 316 (15.6) | *2.1 (0.6 – 6.8) | *1.8 (0.9 – 3.8) | 1.0 × 10–1 | |||
5 | Religion | ||||||
Catholic | 77 (3.8) | 0.035 | 9.0 × 10–1 | 0.7 (0.2 – 1.9) | 0.6 (0.3 – 0.9) | 4.3 × 10–2 | |
Protestant (Ref) | 1,953 (96.2) | 1.0 | 1.0 | Ref | |||
6 | Marital status | ||||||
Not married | 435 (21.4) | 0.552 | 5.0 × 10–1 | *1.4 (0.8 – 2.5) | *1.6 (1.2 – 2.2) | 3.6 × 10–3 | |
Married (Ref) | 1,595 (78.6) | 1.0 | 1.0 | Ref | |||
7 | Educational status | ||||||
Tertiary (Ref) | 72 (3.6) | 7.666 | 5.0 × 10–2 | 1.0 | 1.0 | Ref | |
Secondary | 694 (34.2) | 0.5 (0.05 – 4.1) | 0.3 (0.07 – 1.4) | 1.3 × 10–1 | |||
Primary | 1,031 (51.4) | 0.3 (0.04 – 3.0) | 0.2 (0.04 – 0.8) | 2.6 × 10–2 | |||
NFE | 233 (11.5) | 0.6 (0.06 – 5.5) | 0.3 (0.06 – 1.5) | 1.4 × 10–1 | |||
8 | Occupation | ||||||
Artisanal (Ref) | 1,272 (62.7) | 15.634 | 5.0 × 10–3 | 1.0 | 1.0 | Ref | |
Civil Servant | 122 (6.0) | *1.6 (0.4 – 5.7) | *2.7 (1.1 – 6.5) | 2.5 × 10–2 | |||
Causal Labour | 206 (10.2) | *3.1 (0.9 – 10.3) | *3.4 (1.8 – 6.2) | 1.0 × 10–4 | |||
Unemployed | 430 (21.2) | *2.4 (1.2 – 4.6) | *4.0 (2.7 – 5.9) | 1.0 × 10–4 | |||
9 | Monthly income | ||||||
< 100 | 1,575 (77.6) | 22.7198 | 5.0 × 10–4 | - | - | - | |
101–200 | 195 (9.6) | - | - | - | |||
201–300 | 132 (6.5) | - | - | - | |||
301–400 | 81 (4.0) | - | - | - | |||
≥ 401 | 47 (2.3) | - | - | - |
Binomial regression | Multinomial Regression | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
S/N | Characteristic | n (%) | χ2 | p – value | OR (95% C.I) | aOR (95% C.I) | p—value |
1 | Age (in years) | ||||||
≤ 30 (Ref) | 961 (49.5) | 0.225 | 8.9 × 10–1 | 1.0 | 1.0 | Ref | |
31 – 40 | 841 (43.3) | 0.9 (0.6 – 1.3) | 0.9 (0.7 – 1.1) | 1.6 × 10–1 | |||
≥ 41 | 141 (7.3) | 0.7 (0.4 – 1.3) | 0.7 (0.5 – 1.1) | 1.0 × 10–1 | |||
2 | # of Children in immunisation bracket | ||||||
01 child (Ref) | 1,873 (96.4) | 0.483 | 4.8 × 10–1 | 1.0 | 1.0 | Ref | |
≥ 02 Children | 70 (3.6) | 0.7 (0.3 – 1.5) | 0.7 (0.5 – 1.1) | 1.0 × 10–1 | |||
3 | Sex | ||||||
Female (Ref) | 1,601 (82.4) | 0.359 | 5.1 × 10–1 | 1.0 | 1.0 | Ref | |
Male | 342 (17.6) | 0.7 (0.4 – 1.3) | 0.6 (0.5 – 0.8) | 1.3 × 10–3 | |||
4 | Relationship | ||||||
Mother (Ref) | 1,649 (84.9) | 0.018 | 8.9 × 10–1 | 1.0 | 1.0 | Ref | |
Caregiver | 294 (15.1) | *1.4 (0.7 – 2.5) | *1.5 (1.1 – 2.2) | 6.3 × 10–3 | |||
5 | Religion | ||||||
Catholic | 73 (3.8) | 0.045 | 8.3 × 10–1 | 0.3 (0.4 – 2.9) | 0.9 (0.6 – 1.3) | 6.5 × 10–1 | |
Protestant (Ref) | 1,870 (96.2) | 1.0 | 1.0 | Ref | |||
6 | Marital status | ||||||
Not married | 414 (21.3) | 0.005 | 9.3 × 10–1 | 0.9 (0.6 – 1.4) | 1.0 (0.8 – 1.2) | 9.9 × 10–1 | |
Married (Ref) | 1,529 (78.7) | 1.0 | 1.0 | Ref | |||
7 | Educational status | ||||||
Tertiary (Ref) | 65 (3.4) | 4.906 | 1.8 × 10–1 | 1.0 | 1.0 | Ref | |
Secondary | 655 (33.7) | *1.1 (0.4 – 2.6) | *1.2 (0.7 – 1.8) | 4.5 × 10–1 | |||
Primary | 994 (51.2) | 0.9 (0.4 – 2.3) | 0.9 (0.6 – 1.5) | 6.9 × 10–1 | |||
NFE | 229 (11.8) | *1.7 (0.6 – 5.2) | *1.9 (1.1 – 3.4) | 2.3 × 10–2 | |||
8 | Occupation | ||||||
Artisanal (Ref) | 1,252 (64.4) | 10.403 | 1.5 × 10–2 | 1.0 | 1.0 | Ref | |
Civil Servant | 107 (5.1) | 0.4 (0.2 – 0.7) | 0.5 (0.3 – 0.7) | 1.0 × 10–4 | |||
Causal Labour | 186 (9.6) | 0.5 (0.3 – 0.9) | 0.7 (0.5 – 1.0) | 5.5 × 10–2 | |||
Unemployed | 398 (20.5) | 0.6 (0.4 – 1.0) | 0.8 (0.6 – 0.9) | 1.2 × 10–2 | |||
9 | Monthly income | ||||||
< 100 | 1,527 (78.6) | 0.764 | 9.4 × 10–1 | Ref | Ref | ||
101–200 | 178 (9.2) | *1.1 (0.6 – 1.9) | 0.9 (0.7 – 1.3) | 7.9 × 10–1 | |||
201–300 | 121 (6.2) | *1.3 (0.6 – 2.5) | *1.3 (0.9 – 1.9) | 1.3 × 10–1 | |||
301–400 | 73 (3.7) | *1.1 (0.5 – 2.4) | 0.9 (0.6 – 1.4) | 6.9 × 10–1 | |||
≥ 401 | 44 (2.3) | *2.3 (0.6 – 8.9) | *2.3 (1.2 – 4.5) | 1.6 × 10–2 | |||
10 | Knowledge | ||||||
Poor | 79 (4.1) | 9.408 | 2.1 × 10–3 | *2.5 (1.5 – 4.5) | *2.6 (1.9 – 3.5) | 1.0 × 10–4 | |
Good (Ref) | 1,864 (95.9) | Ref | Ref |
Binomial regression | Multinomial Regression | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
S/N | Characteristic | n (%) | χ2 | p – value | OR (95% C.I) | aOR (95% C.I) | p – value |
1 | Age (in years) | ||||||
≤ 30 (Ref) | 920 (49.4) | 0.058 | 9.7 × 10–1 | 1.0 | 1.0 | Ref | |
31 – 40 | 808 (43.4) | 1.0 (0.7 – 1.3) | 0.9 (0.8 – 1.1) | 5.5 × 10–1 | |||
≥ 41 | 136 (7.3) | 0.8 (0.5 – 1.4) | 0.8 (0.6 – 1.1) | 2.8 × 10–1 | |||
2 | # of Children in immunisation bracket | ||||||
01 child (Ref) | 1,796 (96.4) | 0.071 | 7.8 × 10–1 | 1.0 | 1.0 | Ref | |
≥ 02 Children | 68 (3.6) | 0.8 (0.4 – 1.6) | 0.8 (0.6 – 1.2) | 3.1 × 10–1 | |||
3 | Sex | ||||||
Female (Ref) | 1,529 (82.0) | 0.283 | 5.9 × 10–1 | 1.0 | 1.0 | Ref | |
Male | 335 (18.0) | 0.9 (0.6 – 1.5) | 0.8 (0.6 – 1.0) | 8.3 × 10–2 | |||
4 | Relationship | ||||||
Mother (Ref) | 1,575 (84.5) | 1.692 | 1.9 × 10–1 | 1.0 | 1.0 | Ref | |
Caregiver | 289 (15.5) | *1.6 (0.9 – 2.7) | *1.7 (1.3 – 2.3) | 4.0 × 10–4 | |||
5 | Religion | ||||||
Catholic | 72 (3.8) | 0.027 | 8.6 × 10–1 | *1.1 (0.5 – 2.2) | 1.0 (0.7 – 1.4) | 9.9 × 10–1 | |
Protestant (Ref) | 1,792 (96.2) | 1.0 | 1.0 | Ref | |||
6 | Marital status | ||||||
Not married | 401 (21.5) | 0.459 | 4.9 × 10–1 | *1.1 (0.8 – 1.5) | *1.2 (0.9 – 1.4) | 7.2 × 10–2 | |
Married (Ref) | 1,463 (78.5) | 1.0 | 1.0 | Ref | |||
7 | Educational status | ||||||
Tertiary (Ref) | 64 (3.4) | 6.893 | 7.5 × 10–2 | 1.0 | 1.0 | Ref | |
Secondary | 638 (34.2) | *1.3 (0.6 – 3.0) | *1.3 (0.8 – 2.0) | 2.3 × 10–1 | |||
Primary | 941 (50.5) | 0.9 (0.4 – 2.3) | 0.9 (0.6 – 1.4) | 5.8 × 10–1 | |||
NFE | 221 (11.9) | *1.8 (0.7 – 4.8) | *1.7 (1.0 – 3.0) | 3.3 × 10–2 | |||
8 | Occupation | ||||||
Artisanal (Ref) | 1,186 (63.6) | 1.036 | 7.9 × 10–1 | 1.0 | 1.0 | Ref | |
Civil Servant | 106 (5.7) | 0.5 (0.3 – 0.8) | 0.6 (0.4 – 0.8) | 4.9 × 10–3 | |||
Causal Labour | 184 (9.9) | 0.6 (0.4 – 1.1) | 0.9 (0.6 – 1.2) | 3.7 × 10–1 | |||
Unemployed | 388 (20.8) | 1.0 (0.7 – 1.4) | *1.2 (1.0 – 1.4) | 2.4 × 10–2 | |||
9 | Monthly income | ||||||
< 100 | 1,449 (77.7) | 5.926 | 2.0 × 10–1 | Ref | Ref | ||
101–200 | 177 (9.5) | *1.6 (0.9 – 2.7) | *1.4 (1.0 – 1.8) | 2.3 × 10–2 | |||
201–300 | 121 (6.5) | *2.1 (1.1 – 4.1) | *2.1 (1.4 – 2.9) | 1.0 × 10–4 | |||
301–400 | 73 (3.9) | *1.8 (0.8 – 4.1) | *1.5 (0.9 – 2.2) | 6.9 × 10–2 | |||
≥ 401 | 44 (2.5) | *3.8 (1.0 – 14.2) | *3.5 (1.8 – 6.8) | 2.0 × 10–4 |