Diabetes mellitus is an heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by hyperglycemia due to an absolute or relative deficit in insulin production or action [
1]. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) is the most frequent metabolic alteration accounting for around 90% of all diabetes cases [
2]. Worldwide, the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) estimated that there were 415 million adults had diabetes mellitus patients in 2015, and predicted a rise to 552 million by 2030 [
3,
4]. In Mexico, the prevalence of T2D is 13.9% in adult population [
5] and also it is also predicted to increase [
6], given the lifestyle risk factors of Mexican population [
7‐
9]. Its etiology is multifactorial involving a sedentary lifestyle, obesity, poor quality of diet and genetic factors [
3]. T2D courses with a progressive deterioration of pancreatic beta cells, leading to chronic hyperglycemia that conducts in most cases to organ failure such as kidney, liver, retina, nervous and cardiovascular system [
10]. Ghrelin gene (
GHRL) encodes ghrelin peptide, a 28 amino acids hormone produced mainly in the stomach that is involved in food intake regulation. Ghrelin is an orexigenic hormone that promotes food intake, induces body weight gain and adipogenesis. This hormone is recognized by the growth hormone secretagogue receptor 1a (GHSR1a) which is present in various tissues such as pituitary, myocardium, pancreatic islets and in the hypothalamus. Once the interaction with its receptor is stablished, ghrelin mainly induces the expression of food intake stimulating the neuropeptides: neuropeptide Y and Agouti related peptide and inhibits the expression of proopiomelanocortin, an anorexigenic neuropeptide. Additional functions have also been reported for ghrelin such as: modulation of food reward, olfactory sensitivity, myocardial contraction, sleep, stress and depression regulation [
11,
12]. Several polymorphisms exist in the ghrelin gene and some of them seem to be associated with metabolic diseases [
12]. In particular, the Leu72Met (rs696217) polymorphism shows a protective effect to T2D in some populations [
13,
14]. The Leu72Met polymorphism consists of a transversion of an Cytosine for an Adenine in the position 247 of the
GHRL gene, consequently leading to an amino acid change (missense) from Leucine to Methionine in codon 72 [
15]. It is known that there is a differential effect of this polymorphism in terms of T2D susceptibility among different ethnic groups [
16], so far, there is no evidence about genotypic and allelic frequencies and their association with T2D and in serum ghrelin levels in Mexican population.