Physical training and hormone replacement therapy reduce the decrease in bone mineral density in perimenopausal women: a pilot study

The effects of physical training and hormone replacement therapy (HRT) on bone mineral density in perimenopausal women were studied. Sixty perimenopausal women were randomized to either physical training (n=20), HRT (n=20), or control group (n=20). The study period was 18 months. Bone mineral density (BMD) in the femoral neck and lumbar spine was measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). DXA was performed before treatment and after 6 and 18 months. Blood samples for analysis of the bone markers U-deoxypyridinoline and osteocalcin were collected at the same time points. After 18 months, BMD in the spine had not decreased in either the training group or in the HRT group. In the control group, spine BMD had significantly decreased (p=0.0014). U-Deoxypyridinoline and osteocalcin were increased significantly in the control group (p=0.0198, p=0.0295, respectively). No significant changes in bone marker levels were found in the training group or the HRT group. We found that both HRT and physical training can prevent loss of spine BMD in perimenopausal women over a period of 18 months. HRT remains a cornerstone in the treatment of vasomotor symptoms and preservation of BMD. However, HRT can only be used for limited periods of time due to the potential serious adverse effects. This study indicates a beneficial effect of physical activity on spine BMD in the perimenopausal period, and highlights its potential as an alternative to HRT during this period.