Skip to main content
Erschienen in: Cancer Immunology, Immunotherapy 11/2007

01.11.2007 | Original Article

Human NK cell infusions prolong survival of metastatic human neuroblastoma-bearing NOD/scid mice

verfasst von: Roberta Castriconi, Alessandra Dondero, Michele Cilli, Emanuela Ognio, Annalisa Pezzolo, Barbara De Giovanni, Claudio Gambini, Vito Pistoia, Lorenzo Moretta, Alessandro Moretta, Maria Valeria Corrias

Erschienen in: Cancer Immunology, Immunotherapy | Ausgabe 11/2007

Einloggen, um Zugang zu erhalten

Abstract

Aim

Several lines of evidence suggest that NK cell immunotherapy may represent a successful approach in neuroblastoma (NB) patients refractory to conventional therapy. However, homing properties, safety and therapeutic efficacy of NK cell infusions need to be evaluated in a suitable preclinical murine NB model.

Materials and methods

Here, the therapeutic efficacy of NK cell infusions in the presence or absence of NK-activating cytokines have been evaluated in a NB metastatic model set up in NOD/scid mice, that display reduced functional activity of endogenous NK cells.

Results

In NOD/scid mice the injected NB cells rapidly reached all the typical sites of metastatization, including bone marrow. Infusion of polyclonal IL2-activated NK cells was followed by dissemination of these cells into various tissues including those colonized by metastatic NB cells. The early repeated injection of IL2-activated NK cells in NB-bearing NOD/scid mice significantly increased the mean survival time, which was associated with a reduced bone marrow infiltration. The therapeutic effect was further enhanced by low doses of human recombinant IL2 or IL15.

Conclusion

Our results indicate that NK-based adoptive immunotherapy can represent a valuable adjuvant in the treatment of properly selected NB patients presenting with metastatic disease, if performed in a minimal residual disease setting.
Literatur
1.
Zurück zum Zitat Brodeur GM (2003) Neuroblastoma: biological insights into a clinical enigma. Nat Rev Cancer 3:203–216PubMedCrossRef Brodeur GM (2003) Neuroblastoma: biological insights into a clinical enigma. Nat Rev Cancer 3:203–216PubMedCrossRef
2.
Zurück zum Zitat Schwab M, Westermann F, Hero B, Berthold F (2003) Neuroblastoma: biology and molecular and chromosomal pathology. Lancet Oncol 4:472–480PubMedCrossRef Schwab M, Westermann F, Hero B, Berthold F (2003) Neuroblastoma: biology and molecular and chromosomal pathology. Lancet Oncol 4:472–480PubMedCrossRef
3.
Zurück zum Zitat Brodeur GM, Maris JM (2001). Neuroblastoma. In: Pizzo PA, Poplack DG (eds) Principles and practice of pediatric oncology. Lippincott–Raven, Philadelphia, pp 895–937 Brodeur GM, Maris JM (2001). Neuroblastoma. In: Pizzo PA, Poplack DG (eds) Principles and practice of pediatric oncology. Lippincott–Raven, Philadelphia, pp 895–937
4.
Zurück zum Zitat Carlsen NL, Castel V, Castelberry RP, De Bernardi B, Evans AE, Favrot M, Hedborg F (1993) Revisions of the international criteria for neuroblastoma diagnosis, staging, and response to treatment. J Clin Oncol 11:1466–1477PubMed Carlsen NL, Castel V, Castelberry RP, De Bernardi B, Evans AE, Favrot M, Hedborg F (1993) Revisions of the international criteria for neuroblastoma diagnosis, staging, and response to treatment. J Clin Oncol 11:1466–1477PubMed
5.
Zurück zum Zitat Maris JM, Matthay KK (1999) Molecular biology of neuroblastoma. J Clin Oncol 17:2264–2279PubMed Maris JM, Matthay KK (1999) Molecular biology of neuroblastoma. J Clin Oncol 17:2264–2279PubMed
6.
Zurück zum Zitat Brenner MK, Heslop H, Krance R et al (2000) Phase I study of chemokine and cytokine gene-modified autologous neuroblastoma cells for treatment of relapsed/refractory neuroblastoma using an adenoviral vector. Hum Gene Ther 11:1477–1488PubMedCrossRef Brenner MK, Heslop H, Krance R et al (2000) Phase I study of chemokine and cytokine gene-modified autologous neuroblastoma cells for treatment of relapsed/refractory neuroblastoma using an adenoviral vector. Hum Gene Ther 11:1477–1488PubMedCrossRef
7.
Zurück zum Zitat Rousseau RF, Haight AE, Hirschmann-Jax C et al (2003) Local and systemic effects of an allogeneic tumor cell vaccine combining transgenic human lymphotactin with interleukin-2 in patients with advanced or refractory neuroblastoma. Blood 101:1718–1726PubMedCrossRef Rousseau RF, Haight AE, Hirschmann-Jax C et al (2003) Local and systemic effects of an allogeneic tumor cell vaccine combining transgenic human lymphotactin with interleukin-2 in patients with advanced or refractory neuroblastoma. Blood 101:1718–1726PubMedCrossRef
8.
Zurück zum Zitat Handgretinger R, Baader P, Dopfer R et al (1992) A phase I study of neuroblastoma with the anti-ganglioside GD2 antibody 14.G2a. Cancer Immunol Immunother 35:199–204PubMedCrossRef Handgretinger R, Baader P, Dopfer R et al (1992) A phase I study of neuroblastoma with the anti-ganglioside GD2 antibody 14.G2a. Cancer Immunol Immunother 35:199–204PubMedCrossRef
9.
Zurück zum Zitat Kushner BH, Kramer K, Cheung NK (2001) Phase II trial of the anti-G(D2) monoclonal antibody 3F8 and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor for neuroblastoma. J Clin Oncol 19:4189–4194PubMed Kushner BH, Kramer K, Cheung NK (2001) Phase II trial of the anti-G(D2) monoclonal antibody 3F8 and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor for neuroblastoma. J Clin Oncol 19:4189–4194PubMed
10.
Zurück zum Zitat Ozkaynak MF, Sondel PM, Krailo MD et al (2000) Phase I study of chimeric human/murine anti-ganglioside G(D2) monoclonal antibody (ch14.18) with granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor in children with neuroblastoma immediately after stem cell tranplantation: a children’s cancer group study. J Clin Oncol 18:4077–4085PubMed Ozkaynak MF, Sondel PM, Krailo MD et al (2000) Phase I study of chimeric human/murine anti-ganglioside G(D2) monoclonal antibody (ch14.18) with granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor in children with neuroblastoma immediately after stem cell tranplantation: a children’s cancer group study. J Clin Oncol 18:4077–4085PubMed
11.
Zurück zum Zitat Kuppen PJ, Gorter A, Hagenaars M et al (2001) Role of NK cells in adoptive immunotherapy of metastatic colorectal cancer in a syngeneic rat model. Immunol Rev 184:236–243PubMedCrossRef Kuppen PJ, Gorter A, Hagenaars M et al (2001) Role of NK cells in adoptive immunotherapy of metastatic colorectal cancer in a syngeneic rat model. Immunol Rev 184:236–243PubMedCrossRef
12.
Zurück zum Zitat Basse PH, Whiteside TL, Chambers W, Herberman RB (2001) Therapeutic activity of NK cells against tumors. Int Rev Immunol 20:439–501PubMed Basse PH, Whiteside TL, Chambers W, Herberman RB (2001) Therapeutic activity of NK cells against tumors. Int Rev Immunol 20:439–501PubMed
13.
Zurück zum Zitat Sabzevari H, Gillies SD, Mueller BM, Pancook JD, Reisfeld RA (1994) A recombinant antibody-interleukin 2 fusion protein suppresses growth of hepatic human neuroblastoma metastases in severe combined immunodeficiency mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 91:9626–9630PubMedCrossRef Sabzevari H, Gillies SD, Mueller BM, Pancook JD, Reisfeld RA (1994) A recombinant antibody-interleukin 2 fusion protein suppresses growth of hepatic human neuroblastoma metastases in severe combined immunodeficiency mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 91:9626–9630PubMedCrossRef
14.
Zurück zum Zitat Koehl U, Sorensen J, Esser R et al (2004) IL-2 activated NK cell immunotherapy of three children after haploidentical stem cell transplantation. Blood Cells Mol Dis 33:261–266PubMedCrossRef Koehl U, Sorensen J, Esser R et al (2004) IL-2 activated NK cell immunotherapy of three children after haploidentical stem cell transplantation. Blood Cells Mol Dis 33:261–266PubMedCrossRef
15.
Zurück zum Zitat Miller JS, Soignier Y, Panoskaltsis-Mortari A et al (2005) Successful adoptive transfer and in vivo expansion of human haploidentical NK cells in patients with cancer. Blood 105:3051–7305PubMedCrossRef Miller JS, Soignier Y, Panoskaltsis-Mortari A et al (2005) Successful adoptive transfer and in vivo expansion of human haploidentical NK cells in patients with cancer. Blood 105:3051–7305PubMedCrossRef
16.
Zurück zum Zitat Passweg JR, Sern M, Koehl U, Uharek L, Tichelli A (2005) Use of natural killer cells in hematopoetic stem cell transplantation. Bone Marrow Transplant 35:637–643PubMedCrossRef Passweg JR, Sern M, Koehl U, Uharek L, Tichelli A (2005) Use of natural killer cells in hematopoetic stem cell transplantation. Bone Marrow Transplant 35:637–643PubMedCrossRef
17.
Zurück zum Zitat Moretta L, Moretta A (2004) Killer immunoglobulin-like receptors. Curr Opin Immunol 16:626–633PubMedCrossRef Moretta L, Moretta A (2004) Killer immunoglobulin-like receptors. Curr Opin Immunol 16:626–633PubMedCrossRef
18.
Zurück zum Zitat Castriconi R, Dondero A, Augugliaro R et al (2004) Identification of 4Ig-B7-H3 as a neuroblastoma-associated molecule that exerts a protective role from an NK cell-mediated lysis. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 101:12640–12645PubMedCrossRef Castriconi R, Dondero A, Augugliaro R et al (2004) Identification of 4Ig-B7-H3 as a neuroblastoma-associated molecule that exerts a protective role from an NK cell-mediated lysis. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 101:12640–12645PubMedCrossRef
19.
Zurück zum Zitat Castriconi R, Dondero A, Corrias MV et al (2004) Natural killer cell-mediated killing of freshly isolated neuroblastoma cells: critical role of dnam-1/pvr interaction. Cancer Res 64:9180–9184PubMedCrossRef Castriconi R, Dondero A, Corrias MV et al (2004) Natural killer cell-mediated killing of freshly isolated neuroblastoma cells: critical role of dnam-1/pvr interaction. Cancer Res 64:9180–9184PubMedCrossRef
20.
Zurück zum Zitat Airoldi I, Lualdi S, Bruno S et al (2003) Expression of costimulatory molecules in human neuroblastoma. Evidence that CD40+ neuroblastoma cells undergo apoptosis following interaction with CD40L. Br J Cancer 88:1527–1536PubMedCrossRef Airoldi I, Lualdi S, Bruno S et al (2003) Expression of costimulatory molecules in human neuroblastoma. Evidence that CD40+ neuroblastoma cells undergo apoptosis following interaction with CD40L. Br J Cancer 88:1527–1536PubMedCrossRef
21.
Zurück zum Zitat Iyoda T, Shimoyama S, Liu K et al (2002) The CD8+ dendritic cell subset selectively endocytoses dying cells in culture and in vivo. J Exp Med 195:1289–1302PubMedCrossRef Iyoda T, Shimoyama S, Liu K et al (2002) The CD8+ dendritic cell subset selectively endocytoses dying cells in culture and in vivo. J Exp Med 195:1289–1302PubMedCrossRef
22.
Zurück zum Zitat Shultz LD, Schweitzer PA, Christianson SW et al (1995) Multiple defects in innate and adaptive immunologic function in NOD/LtSz-scid mice. J Immunol 154:180–191PubMed Shultz LD, Schweitzer PA, Christianson SW et al (1995) Multiple defects in innate and adaptive immunologic function in NOD/LtSz-scid mice. J Immunol 154:180–191PubMed
23.
Zurück zum Zitat Pastorino F, Brignole C, Marimpietri D, Sapra P, Moase EH, Allen TM, Ponzoni M (2003) Doxorubicin-loaded Fab’ fragments of anti-disialoganglioside immunoliposomes selectively inhibit the growth and dissemination of human neuroblastoma in nude mice. Cancer Res 63:86–92PubMed Pastorino F, Brignole C, Marimpietri D, Sapra P, Moase EH, Allen TM, Ponzoni M (2003) Doxorubicin-loaded Fab’ fragments of anti-disialoganglioside immunoliposomes selectively inhibit the growth and dissemination of human neuroblastoma in nude mice. Cancer Res 63:86–92PubMed
24.
Zurück zum Zitat Croce M, Meazza R, Orengo AM et al (2005) Sequential immuno-gene therapy with interleukin-12- and interleukin-15-engineered neuroblastoma cells cures metastatic disease in syngeneic mice. Clin Cancer Res 11:735–742PubMed Croce M, Meazza R, Orengo AM et al (2005) Sequential immuno-gene therapy with interleukin-12- and interleukin-15-engineered neuroblastoma cells cures metastatic disease in syngeneic mice. Clin Cancer Res 11:735–742PubMed
25.
Zurück zum Zitat London L, Perussia B, Trinchieri G (1986) Induction of proliferation in vitro of resting human natural killer cells: IL 2 induces into cell cycle most peripheral blood NK cells, but only a minor subset of low density T cells. J Immunol 137:3845–3854PubMed London L, Perussia B, Trinchieri G (1986) Induction of proliferation in vitro of resting human natural killer cells: IL 2 induces into cell cycle most peripheral blood NK cells, but only a minor subset of low density T cells. J Immunol 137:3845–3854PubMed
26.
Zurück zum Zitat Carson WE, Fehniger TA, Haldar S, Eckhert K, Lindemann MJ, Lai CF, Croce CM, Baumann H, Caligiuri MA (1997) A potential role for interleukin-15 in the regulation of human natural killer cell survival. J Clin Invest 99:937–943PubMedCrossRef Carson WE, Fehniger TA, Haldar S, Eckhert K, Lindemann MJ, Lai CF, Croce CM, Baumann H, Caligiuri MA (1997) A potential role for interleukin-15 in the regulation of human natural killer cell survival. J Clin Invest 99:937–943PubMedCrossRef
27.
Zurück zum Zitat Dunne J, Lynch S, O’Farrelly C, Todryk S, Hegarty JE, Feighery C, Doherty DG (2001) Selective expansion and partial activation of human NK cells and NK receptor-positive T cells by IL-2 and IL-15. J Immunol 167:3129–3138PubMed Dunne J, Lynch S, O’Farrelly C, Todryk S, Hegarty JE, Feighery C, Doherty DG (2001) Selective expansion and partial activation of human NK cells and NK receptor-positive T cells by IL-2 and IL-15. J Immunol 167:3129–3138PubMed
28.
Zurück zum Zitat Cooper MA, Bush JE, Fehniger TA, VanDeusen JB, Waite RE, Liu Y, Aguila HL, Caligiuri MA (2002) In vivo evidence for a dependence on interleukin 15 for survival of natural killer cells. Blood 100:3633–3638PubMedCrossRef Cooper MA, Bush JE, Fehniger TA, VanDeusen JB, Waite RE, Liu Y, Aguila HL, Caligiuri MA (2002) In vivo evidence for a dependence on interleukin 15 for survival of natural killer cells. Blood 100:3633–3638PubMedCrossRef
29.
Zurück zum Zitat Loza MJ, Perussia B (2004) Differential regulation of NK cell proliferation by type I and II IFN. Int Immunol 16:23–32PubMedCrossRef Loza MJ, Perussia B (2004) Differential regulation of NK cell proliferation by type I and II IFN. Int Immunol 16:23–32PubMedCrossRef
30.
Zurück zum Zitat Lozupone F, Pende D, Bugio VL et al (2004) Effect of human natural killer and gammadelta T cells on the growth of human autologous melanoma xenografts in SCID mice. Cancer Res 64:378–385PubMedCrossRef Lozupone F, Pende D, Bugio VL et al (2004) Effect of human natural killer and gammadelta T cells on the growth of human autologous melanoma xenografts in SCID mice. Cancer Res 64:378–385PubMedCrossRef
31.
Zurück zum Zitat Hagenaars M, Zwaveling S, Kuppen PJ et al (1998) Characteristics of tumor infiltration by adoptively transferred and endogenous natural-killer cells in a syngeneic rat model: implications for the mechanism behind anti-tumor responses. Int J Cancer 78:783–789PubMedCrossRef Hagenaars M, Zwaveling S, Kuppen PJ et al (1998) Characteristics of tumor infiltration by adoptively transferred and endogenous natural-killer cells in a syngeneic rat model: implications for the mechanism behind anti-tumor responses. Int J Cancer 78:783–789PubMedCrossRef
32.
Zurück zum Zitat Basse P, Herberman RB, Nannmark U, Johansson BR, Hokland M, Wasserman K, Goldfarb RH (1991) Accumulation of adoptively transferred adherent, lymphokine-activated killer cells in murine metastases. J Exp Med 174:479–488PubMedCrossRef Basse P, Herberman RB, Nannmark U, Johansson BR, Hokland M, Wasserman K, Goldfarb RH (1991) Accumulation of adoptively transferred adherent, lymphokine-activated killer cells in murine metastases. J Exp Med 174:479–488PubMedCrossRef
33.
Zurück zum Zitat De Bernardi B, Pianca C, Pistamiglio P et al (2001) Neuroblastoma with symptomatic spinal cord compression at diagnosis: treatment and results with 76 cases. J Clin Oncol 19:183–190PubMed De Bernardi B, Pianca C, Pistamiglio P et al (2001) Neuroblastoma with symptomatic spinal cord compression at diagnosis: treatment and results with 76 cases. J Clin Oncol 19:183–190PubMed
34.
Zurück zum Zitat Matthay KK, Villablanca JG, Seeger RC et al (1999) Treatment of high-risk neuroblastoma with intensive chemotherapy, radiotherapy, autologous bone marrow transplantation, and 13-cis-retinoic acid. Children’s cancer group. N Engl J Med 341:1165–1173PubMedCrossRef Matthay KK, Villablanca JG, Seeger RC et al (1999) Treatment of high-risk neuroblastoma with intensive chemotherapy, radiotherapy, autologous bone marrow transplantation, and 13-cis-retinoic acid. Children’s cancer group. N Engl J Med 341:1165–1173PubMedCrossRef
35.
Zurück zum Zitat Seeger RC, Reynolds CP, Gallego R, Stram DO, Gerbing RB, Matthay KK (2000) Quantitative tumor cell content of bone marrow and blood as a predictor of outcome in stage IV neuroblastoma: a children’s cancer group study. J Clin Oncol 18:4067–4076PubMed Seeger RC, Reynolds CP, Gallego R, Stram DO, Gerbing RB, Matthay KK (2000) Quantitative tumor cell content of bone marrow and blood as a predictor of outcome in stage IV neuroblastoma: a children’s cancer group study. J Clin Oncol 18:4067–4076PubMed
36.
Zurück zum Zitat Dudley ME, Wunderlich JR, Robbins PF et al (2002) Cancer regression and autoimmunity in patients after clonal repopulation with antitumor lymphocytes. Science 298:850–854PubMedCrossRef Dudley ME, Wunderlich JR, Robbins PF et al (2002) Cancer regression and autoimmunity in patients after clonal repopulation with antitumor lymphocytes. Science 298:850–854PubMedCrossRef
37.
Zurück zum Zitat Corrias MV, Occhino M, Croce M et al (2001) Lack of HLA-class I antigens in human neuroblastoma cells: analysis of its relationship to TAP and tapasin expression. Tissue Antigens 57:110–117PubMedCrossRef Corrias MV, Occhino M, Croce M et al (2001) Lack of HLA-class I antigens in human neuroblastoma cells: analysis of its relationship to TAP and tapasin expression. Tissue Antigens 57:110–117PubMedCrossRef
38.
Zurück zum Zitat Raffaghello L, Prigione I, Bocca P et al (2005) Multiple defects of the antigen-processing machinery components in human neuroblastoma: immunotherapeutic implications. Oncogene 24:4634–4644PubMedCrossRef Raffaghello L, Prigione I, Bocca P et al (2005) Multiple defects of the antigen-processing machinery components in human neuroblastoma: immunotherapeutic implications. Oncogene 24:4634–4644PubMedCrossRef
39.
Zurück zum Zitat Valteau-Couanet D, Leboulaire C, Maincent K et al (2002) Dendritic cells for NK/LAK activation: rationale for multicellular immunotherapy in neuroblastoma patients. Blood 100:2554–2561PubMedCrossRef Valteau-Couanet D, Leboulaire C, Maincent K et al (2002) Dendritic cells for NK/LAK activation: rationale for multicellular immunotherapy in neuroblastoma patients. Blood 100:2554–2561PubMedCrossRef
40.
Zurück zum Zitat Cooper MA, Fehniger TA, Fuchs A, Colonna M, Caligiuri MA (2004) NK cell and DC interactions. Trends Immunol 25:47–52PubMedCrossRef Cooper MA, Fehniger TA, Fuchs A, Colonna M, Caligiuri MA (2004) NK cell and DC interactions. Trends Immunol 25:47–52PubMedCrossRef
41.
Zurück zum Zitat Moretta A (2002) Natural killer cells and dendritic cells: rendezvous in abused tissues. Nat Rev Immunol 2:957–964PubMedCrossRef Moretta A (2002) Natural killer cells and dendritic cells: rendezvous in abused tissues. Nat Rev Immunol 2:957–964PubMedCrossRef
42.
Zurück zum Zitat Banchereau J, Steinman RM (1998) Dendritic cells and the control of immunity. Nature 392:245–252PubMedCrossRef Banchereau J, Steinman RM (1998) Dendritic cells and the control of immunity. Nature 392:245–252PubMedCrossRef
43.
Zurück zum Zitat Montaldo PG, Carbone R, Corrias MV, Cornaglia-Ferraris P, Ponzoni M (1994) Synergic differentiation-promoting activity of interferon-γ and tumor necrosis factor: role of receptor regulation on human neuroblasts. J Natl Cancer Inst 86:1694–1701PubMedCrossRef Montaldo PG, Carbone R, Corrias MV, Cornaglia-Ferraris P, Ponzoni M (1994) Synergic differentiation-promoting activity of interferon-γ and tumor necrosis factor: role of receptor regulation on human neuroblasts. J Natl Cancer Inst 86:1694–1701PubMedCrossRef
Metadaten
Titel
Human NK cell infusions prolong survival of metastatic human neuroblastoma-bearing NOD/scid mice
verfasst von
Roberta Castriconi
Alessandra Dondero
Michele Cilli
Emanuela Ognio
Annalisa Pezzolo
Barbara De Giovanni
Claudio Gambini
Vito Pistoia
Lorenzo Moretta
Alessandro Moretta
Maria Valeria Corrias
Publikationsdatum
01.11.2007
Verlag
Springer-Verlag
Erschienen in
Cancer Immunology, Immunotherapy / Ausgabe 11/2007
Print ISSN: 0340-7004
Elektronische ISSN: 1432-0851
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00262-007-0317-0

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 11/2007

Cancer Immunology, Immunotherapy 11/2007 Zur Ausgabe

Umsetzung der POMGAT-Leitlinie läuft

03.05.2024 DCK 2024 Kongressbericht

Seit November 2023 gibt es evidenzbasierte Empfehlungen zum perioperativen Management bei gastrointestinalen Tumoren (POMGAT) auf S3-Niveau. Vieles wird schon entsprechend der Empfehlungen durchgeführt. Wo es im Alltag noch hapert, zeigt eine Umfrage in einem Klinikverbund.

CUP-Syndrom: Künstliche Intelligenz kann Primärtumor finden

30.04.2024 Künstliche Intelligenz Nachrichten

Krebserkrankungen unbekannten Ursprungs (CUP) sind eine diagnostische Herausforderung. KI-Systeme können Pathologen dabei unterstützen, zytologische Bilder zu interpretieren, um den Primärtumor zu lokalisieren.

Sind Frauen die fähigeren Ärzte?

30.04.2024 Gendermedizin Nachrichten

Patienten, die von Ärztinnen behandelt werden, dürfen offenbar auf bessere Therapieergebnisse hoffen als Patienten von Ärzten. Besonders gilt das offenbar für weibliche Kranke, wie eine Studie zeigt.

Adjuvante Immuntherapie verlängert Leben bei RCC

25.04.2024 Nierenkarzinom Nachrichten

Nun gibt es auch Resultate zum Gesamtüberleben: Eine adjuvante Pembrolizumab-Therapie konnte in einer Phase-3-Studie das Leben von Menschen mit Nierenzellkarzinom deutlich verlängern. Die Sterberate war im Vergleich zu Placebo um 38% geringer.

Update Onkologie

Bestellen Sie unseren Fach-Newsletter und bleiben Sie gut informiert.