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01.10.2008 | Original Article

Induction of immune response against NY-ESO-1 by CHP-NY-ESO-1 vaccination and immune regulation in a melanoma patient

verfasst von: Kazuhide Tsuji, Toshitada Hamada, Akiko Uenaka, Hisashi Wada, Eiichi Sato, Midori Isobe, Kenji Asagoe, Osamu Yamasaki, Hiroshi Shiku, Gerd Ritter, Roger Murphy, Eric W. Hoffman, Lloyd J. Old, Eiichi Nakayama, Keiji Iwatsuki

Erschienen in: Cancer Immunology, Immunotherapy | Ausgabe 10/2008

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Abstract

Background

NY-ESO-1 is a cancer/testis antigen highly immunogenic in cancer patients. Cholesterol-bearing hydrophobized pullulan (CHP) is a nanoparticle-forming antigen-delivery vehicle and CHP complexed with NY-ESO-1 protein (CHP-NY-ESO-1) efficiently activates CD4 and CD8 T cells in vitro.

Aim

In this study we report on a 50-year-old male melanoma patient with multiple skin and organ metastases (T4N3M1c) who was vaccinated with CHP-NY-ESO-1 at biweekly intervals and who had an unusual disease course. We characterized in this patient humoral and cellular immune responses, immune regulatory cells, and cytokine profiles in the peripheral blood and at local tumor sites.

Results

Ten days after the second CHP-NY-ESO-1 vaccination (day 25), blisters appeared on the skin at the metastatic lesions associated with inflammatory changes. A skin biopsy showed the presence of many NY-ESO-1-expressing apoptotic melanoma cells as determined by a terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate nick end labeling (TUNEL) test. However, the tumors continued to grow, and the patient died of pulmonary failure due to multiple metastases on day 48. Serum antibody responses were detected after the second CHP-NY-ESO-1 vaccination and antibody titer increased with subsequent vaccinations. Th1 dependent IgG1 was the predominant immunoglobulin subtype. Both, NY-ESO-1-specific CD4 and CD8 T cell responses were detected in PBMC by IFN-γ secretion assays. After CHP-NY-ESO-1 vaccination a slight decrease in CD4⁺CD25⁺Foxp3⁺ Tregs was observed in PBMC but significantly increased numbers of CD4⁺CD25⁺Foxp3⁺ Tregs and CD68⁺ immunoregulatory macrophages were detected at the local tumor sites. CD4⁺CD25⁺Foxp3⁺ Tregs were also increased in the blister fluid. Cytokines in the serum suggested a polarization towards a Th1 pattern in the PBMC and those in the blister fluid suggested a Th2-type response at the tumor site.

Conclusions

Our observations indicate induction of specific humoral and cellular immune responses against NY-ESO-1 after CHP-NY-ESO-1 vaccination in a melanoma patient. The concomitant appearance of regulatory T cells and of immune regulatory macrophages and cytokines at the local tumor sites in this patient may explain immune escape.

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Titel: Induction of immune response against NY-ESO-1 by CHP-NY-ESO-1 vaccination and immune regulation in a melanoma patient
verfasst von: Kazuhide Tsuji
Toshitada Hamada
Akiko Uenaka
Hisashi Wada
Eiichi Sato
Midori Isobe
Kenji Asagoe
Osamu Yamasaki
Hiroshi Shiku
Gerd Ritter
Roger Murphy
Eric W. Hoffman
Lloyd J. Old
Eiichi Nakayama
Keiji Iwatsuki
Publikationsdatum: 01.10.2008
Verlag: Springer-Verlag
Erschienen in: Cancer Immunology, Immunotherapy / Ausgabe 10/2008
Print ISSN: 0340-7004
Elektronische ISSN: 1432-0851
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00262-008-0478-5

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Induction of immune response against NY-ESO-1 by CHP-NY-ESO-1 vaccination and immune regulation in a melanoma patient