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01.10.2013 | Topic paper

Female sex is an independent risk factor for reduced overall survival in bladder cancer patients treated by transurethral resection and radio- or radiochemotherapy

verfasst von: Bastian Keck, Oliver J. Ott, Lothar Häberle, Frank Kunath, Christian Weiss, Claus Rödel, Rolf Sauer, Rainer Fietkau, Bernd Wullich, Frens S. Krause

Erschienen in: World Journal of Urology | Ausgabe 5/2013

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Abstract

Purpose

To evaluate sex as a possible prognostic factor in bladder cancer patients treated with transurethral resection (TURBT) and radio- (RT) or radiochemotherapy (RCT).

Methods

Kaplan–Meier analyses and multiple Cox proportional hazards regression analyses were performed to analyze sex as a possible prognostic factor on the overall (OS) and cancer-specific (CSS) survival of 386 male and 105 female patients who underwent TURBT and RCT or RT with curative intent between 1982 and 2007.

Results

After a follow-up of 5 years, female sex demonstrated a hazard ratio (HR) of 1.79 (95 % CI 1.24–2.57) for OS; for CSS, the HR was 2.4 (95 % CI 1.52–3.80). Sex was an adverse prognosticator of both OS and CSS independent from age at diagnosis, cT stage, grading, concurrent cis, LVI, focality, therapy response, resection status and therapy mode. Kaplan–Meier analysis showed significantly reduced OS of women compared with men, with a median survival of 2.3 years for female patients and 5.1 years for male patients (p = 0.045, log-rank test). The estimated median CSS was 7.1 years for female patients and 12.7 years for male patients (p = 0.11, log-rank test).

Conclusions

Female sex is an independent prognostic factor for reduced OS and CSS in bladder cancer patients treated by TURBT and RT or RCT. These data are in agreement with those reported for OS after radical cystectomy in muscle-invasive bladder cancers. Therefore, further studies are strongly warranted to obtain more information about molecular differences regarding sex-specific carcinogenesis in bladder cancer and about possible therapeutic considerations.

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Titel: Female sex is an independent risk factor for reduced overall survival in bladder cancer patients treated by transurethral resection and radio- or radiochemotherapy
verfasst von: Bastian Keck
Oliver J. Ott
Lothar Häberle
Frank Kunath
Christian Weiss
Claus Rödel
Rolf Sauer
Rainer Fietkau
Bernd Wullich
Frens S. Krause
Publikationsdatum: 01.10.2013
Verlag: Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Erschienen in: World Journal of Urology / Ausgabe 5/2013
Print ISSN: 0724-4983
Elektronische ISSN: 1433-8726
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00345-012-0971-5

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Female sex is an independent risk factor for reduced overall survival in bladder cancer patients treated by transurethral resection and radio- or radiochemotherapy