nach oben

European Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery & Traumatology

Erschienen in:

01.12.2013 | General Review

Fractures of the pelvis in children: a review of the literature

verfasst von: Axel Gänsslen, Nima Heidari, Annelie M. Weinberg

Erschienen in: European Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery & Traumatology | Ausgabe 8/2013

Einloggen, um Zugang zu erhalten

Abstract

Trauma is the leading cause of death in children. Pelvic ring injuries account for 0.3–4 % of all paediatric injuries. The pattern of fractures differs to that seen in adults as it is more ductile. Pelvic ring injuries tend to be more stable as the relatively thick periosteum restricts bony displacement. Intrapelvic viscera are not well protected and can sustain injury in the absence of pelvic fractures. These injuries have traditionally been treated non-operatively. In this paper, we comprehensively review the literature and propose a protocol for treatment taking into consideration associated organ injuries, hemodynamic status of the patient, patient’s age, type of fracture and the stability of the pelvic ring.

Alonso JE, Horowitz M (1987) Use of the AO/ASIF external fixator in children. J Pediatr Orthop 7:594–600PubMed

Arbogast KB, Mari-Gowda S, Kallan MJ, Durbin DR, Winston FK (2002) Pediatric pelvic fractures in side impact collisions. Stapp Car Crash J 46:285–296PubMed

Banerjee S, Barry MJ, Paterson JM (2009) Paediatric pelvic fractures: 10 years experience in a trauma centre. Injury 40:410–413PubMed

Barabas Z, Hargitai E, Doczi J (1991) Die Beckenverletzungen bei Kindern und Jugendlichen. Zent Bl Chir 116:215

Barei DP, Bellabarba C, Mills WJ, Routt ML Jr (2001) Percutaneous management of unstable pelvic ring disruptions. Injury 32(Suppl 1):SA33–SA44PubMed

Barlow B, Rottenberg RW, Santulli TV (1975) Angiographic diagnosis and treatment of bleeding by selective embolization following pelvic fracture in children. J Pediatr Surg 10:939–942PubMed

Baskin KM, Cahill AM, Kaye RD, Born CT, Grudziak JS, Towbin RB (2004) Closed reduction with CT-guided screw fixation for unstable sacroiliac joint fracture-dislocation. Pediatr Radiol 34:963–969PubMed

Baumgaertel F, Wilke M, Gotzen L (1996) Experimentelle Erprobung eines pneumatischen Gürtels zur äußeren Beckenkompression. Swiss Surgery Suppl 2:42

Blasier RD, McAtee J, White R, Mitchell DT (2000) Disruption of the pelvic ring in pediatric patients. Clin Orthop Relat Res 376:87–95PubMed

10.

Blatter R (1979) Pelvic fractures in children. Hefte Unfallheilkd 140:3943

11.

Bond SJ, Gotschall CS, Eichelberger MR (1991) Predictors of abdominal injury in children with pelvic fracture. J Trauma 31:1169–1173PubMed

12.

Bosch U, Pohlemann T, Haas N, Tscherne H (1992) Classification and management of complex pelvic trauma. Unfallchirurg 95:189–196PubMed

13.

Bottlang M, Simpson T, Sigg J, Krieg JC, Madey SM, Long WB (2002) Noninvasive reduction of open-book pelvic fractures by circumferential compression. J Orthop Trauma 16:367–373PubMed

14.

Brunette DD, Fifield G, Ruiz E (1987) Use of pneumatic antishock trousers in the management of pediatric pelvic hemorrhage. Pediatr Emerg Care 3:86–90PubMed

15.

Bryan WJ, Tullos HS (1979) Pediatric pelvic fractures: review of 52 patients. J Trauma 19:799–805PubMed

16.

Bucholz RW, Ezaki M, Ogden JA (1982) Injury of the acetabular triradiate physeal cartilage. J Bone Jt Surg 64-A:600–609

17.

Buhren V, Trentz O (1989) Intraluminal balloon occlusion of the aorta in traumatic massive hemorrhage. Unfallchirurg 92:309–313PubMed

18.

Canale ST, King RE (1991) Pelvic and hip fractures. In: Rockwood CA Jr, Wilkings KE, King RE (eds) Fractures in children, 3rd edn. J.B. Lippincott Company, Philadelphia, pp 991–1046

19.

Carroll PR, McAninch JW (1984) Major bladder trauma: mechanisms of injury and a unified method of diagnosis and repair. J Urol 132:254–257PubMed

20.

Chapple C, Barbagli G, Jordan G, Mundy AR, Rodrigues-Netto N, Pansadoro V, McAninch JW (2004) Consensus statement on urethral trauma. BJU Int 93:1195–1202PubMed

21.

Chia JP, Holland AJ, Little D, Cass DT (2004) Pelvic fractures and associated injuries in children. J Trauma 56:83–88PubMed

22.

Civil ID, Ross SE, Botehlo G, Schwab CW (1988) Routine pelvic radiography in severe blunt trauma: is it necessary? Ann Emerg Med 17:488–490PubMed

23.

Copeland CE, Bosse MJ, McCarthy ML, MacKenzie EJ, Guzinski GM, Hash CS, Burgess AR (1997) Effect of trauma and pelvic fracture on female genitourinary, sexual, and reproductive function. J Orthop Trauma 11:73–81PubMed

24.

Corriere JN (1991) Trauma to the lower urinary tract. In: Gillenwater JY, Grayhack JT, Howards SS, Duckett JW, Young CD (eds) Adult and pediatric urology. Mosby, St. Louis, pp 499–521

25.

Corriere JN Jr, Sandler CM (1988) Mechanisms of injury, patterns of extravasation and management of extraperitoneal bladder rupture due to blunt trauma. J Urol 139:43–44PubMed

26.

Cothren CC, Moore EE, Smith WR, Morgan SJ (2006) Preperitoneal pelvic packing in the child with an unstable pelvis: a novel approach. J Pediatr Surg 41:e17–e19PubMed

27.

Cothren CC, Osborn PM, Moore EE, Morgan SJ, Johnson JL, Smith WR (2007) Preperitonal pelvic packing for hemodynamically unstable pelvic fractures: a paradigm shift. J Trauma 62:834–839PubMed

28.

Currey JD, Butler G (1975) The mechanical properties of bone tissue in children. J Bone Jt Surg Am 57:810–814

29.

Demetriades D, Karaiskakis M, Velmahos GC, Alo K, Murray J, Chan L (2003) Pelvic fractures in pediatric and adult trauma patients: are they different injuries? J Trauma 54:1146–1151PubMed

30.

Demirel M, Dereboy F, Ozturk A, Turhan E, Yazar T (2007) Morel-Lavallee lesion. Results of surgical drainage with the use of synthetic glue. Saudi Med J 28:65–67PubMed

31.

Denis F, Davis S, Comfort T (1988) Sacral fractures: an important problem. Retrospective analysis of 236 cases. Clin Orthop Relat Res 227:67–81PubMed

32.

Duane TM, Tan BB, Golay D, Cole FJ Jr, Weireter LJ Jr, Britt LD (2002) Blunt trauma and the role of routine pelvic radiographs: a prospective analysis. J Trauma 53:463–468PubMed

33.

Ducloyer P, Filipe G (1988) Fractures of the pelvis in children excluding isolated fractures of the acetabulum and sacrum. Apropos of 267 cases. Anatomic study, contribution of modern radiologic studies, therapeutic management. Chir Pediatr 29:72–90PubMed

34.

Duxbury MS, Rossiter ND, Lambert AW (2003) Cable ties for pelvic stabilisation. Ann R Coll Surg Engl 85:130PubMed

35.

Engelhardt P (1992) Malgaigne pelvic ring injury in childhood. Orthopade 21:422–426PubMed

36.

Engler I (1967) Die Unfälle im Kindesalter. Z Kinderheilk 4:48–58

37.

Ertel W, Keel M, Eid K, Platz A, Trentz O (2001) Control of severe hemorrhage using C-clamp and pelvic packing in multiply injured patients with pelvic ring disruption. J Orthop Trauma 15:468–474PubMed

38.

Fayad LM, Corl F, Fishman EK (2009) Pediatric skeletal trauma: use of multiplanar reformatted and three-dimensional 64-row multidetector CT in the emergency department. Radiographics 29:135–150PubMed

39.

Flory PJ, Trentz O, Buhren V, Seiler H, Potulski M (1985) Management of complex pelvic injuries. Aktuelle Traumatol 15:139–144PubMed

40.

Fowler JA, Goodman GP, Evans JM, Schober JM (2009) Long-term vaginal sequelae secondary to pediatric pelvic fracture. J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol 22:e15–e19PubMed

41.

Galano GJ, Vitale MA, Kessler MW, Hyman JE, Vitale MG (2005) The most frequent traumatic orthopaedic injuries from a national pediatric inpatient population. J Pediatr Orthop 25:39–44PubMed

42.

Gänsslen A, Giannoudis P, Pape HC (2003) Hemorrhage in pelvic fracture: who needs angiography? Curr Opin Crit Care 9:515–523PubMed

43.

Gänsslen A, Pohlemann T, Hufner T, Lobenhoffer P, Tscherne H (1998) Internal osteosynthesis after unstable pelvic ring fracture in a 3-year-old child. Unfallchirurg 101:570–573PubMed

44.

Gänsslen A, Pohlemann T, Krettek C (2005) A simple supraacetabular external fixation for pelvic ring fractures. Oper Orthop Traumatol 17:296–312PubMed

45.

Gansslen A, Pohlemann T, Paul C, Lobenhoffer P, Tscherne H (1996) Epidemiology of pelvic ring injuries. Injury 27(Suppl 1):S-20

46.

Ganz R, Gerber C (1991) Malunited juvenile fractures in pelvic and hip area. Orthopade 20:346–352PubMed

47.

Ganz R, Krushell RJ, Jakob RP, Kuffer J (1991) The antishock pelvic clamp. Clin Orthop Relat Res 267:71–78PubMed

48.

Garvin KL, McCarthy RE, Barnes CL, Dodge BM (1990) Pediatric pelvic ring fractures. J Pediatr Orthop 10:577–582PubMed

49.

Gomez RG, Ceballos L, Coburn M, Corriere JN Jr, Dixon CM, Lobel B, McAninch J (2004) Consensus statement on bladder injuries. BJU Int 94:27–32PubMed

50.

Gonzalez RP, Fried PQ, Bukhalo M (2002) The utility of clinical examination in screening for pelvic fractures in blunt trauma. J Am Coll Surg 194:121–125PubMed

51.

Grisoni N, Connor S, Marsh E, Thompson GH, Cooperman DR, Blakemore LC (2002) Pelvic fractures in a pediatric level I trauma center. J Orthop Trauma 16:458–463PubMed

52.

Guillamondegui OD, Pryor JP, Gracias VH, Gupta R, Reilly PM, Schwab CW (2002) Pelvic radiography in blunt trauma resuscitation: a diminishing role. J Trauma 53:1043–1047PubMed

53.

Haller JA Jr (1983) Pediatric trauma. The No. 1 killer of children. JAMA 249:47PubMed

54.

Hargitai E, Szita J, Doczi J, Renner A (1998) Unstable pelvic fractures in children. Acta Chir Hung 37:77–83PubMed

55.

Harma A, Inan M, Ertem K (2004) The Morel-Lavallee lesion: a conservative approach to closed degloving injuries. Acta Orthop Traumatol Turc 38:270–273PubMed

56.

Hart DJ, Wang MY, Griffith P, Gordon MJ (2004) Pediatric sacral fractures. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 29:667–670

57.

Hauschild O, Strohm PC, Culemann U, Pohlemann T, Suedkamp NP, Koestler W, Schmal H (2008) Mortality in patients with pelvic fractures: results from the German pelvic injury register. J Trauma 64:449–455PubMed

58.

Heeg M, Klasen HJ (1997) Long-term outcome of sacroiliac disruptions in children. J Pediatr Orthop 17:337–341PubMed

59.

Hessmann M, Rommens P (1998) Bilateral ureteral obstruction and renal failure caused by massive retroperitoneal hematoma: is there a pelvic compartment syndrome analogous to abdominal compartment syndrome? J Orthop Trauma 12:553–557PubMed

60.

Holden CP, Holman J, Herman MJ (2007) Pediatric pelvic fractures. J Am Acad Orthop Surg 15:172–177PubMed

61.

Holt GE, Mencio GA (2003) Pelvic C-clamp in a pediatric patient. J Orthop Trauma 17:525–527PubMed

62.

Ismail N, Bellemare JF, Mollitt DL, DiScala C, Koeppel B, Tepas JJ III (1996) Death from pelvic fracture: children are different. J Pediatr Surg 31:82–85PubMed

63.

Jung J, Eo E, Ahn K, Noh H, Cheon Y (2009) Initial base deficit as predictors for mortality and transfusion requirement in the severe pediatric trauma except brain injury. Pediatr Emerg Care 25:579–581PubMed

64.

Junkins EP, Furnival RA, Bolte RG (2001) The clinical presentation of pediatric pelvic fractures. Pediatr Emerg Care 17:15–18PubMed

65.

Junkins EP Jr, Nelson DS, Carroll KL, Hansen K, Furnival RA (2001) A prospective evaluation of the clinical presentation of pediatric pelvic fractures. J Trauma 51:64–68PubMed

66.

Karunakar MA, Goulet JA, Mueller KL, Bedi A, Le TT (2005) Operative treatment of unstable pediatric pelvis and acetabular fractures. J Pediatr Orthop 25:34–38PubMed

67.

Keshishyan RA, Rozinov VM, Malakhov OA, Kuznetsov LE, Strunin EG, Chogovadze GA, Tsukanov VE (1995) Pelvic polyfractures in children. Radiographic diagnosis and treatment. Clin Orthop Relat Res 320:28–33PubMed

68.

Kevill K, Wong AM, Goldman HS, Gershel JC (2002) Is a complete trauma series indicated for all pediatric trauma victims? Pediatr Emerg Care 18:75–77PubMed

69.

Key JA, Conwell HA (1951) Management of fractures, dislocations and sprains. The C. V. Mosby Company, St. Louis

70.

Kiely N, Williams N (1996) Sexual dysfunction in women following pelvic fractures with sacro-iliac disruption. Injury 27:45–46PubMed

71.

Kincaid EH, Chang MC, Letton RW, Chen JG, Meredith JW (2001) Admission base deficit in pediatric trauma: a study using the National Trauma Data Bank. J Trauma 51:332–335PubMed

72.

Kottmeier SA, Wilson SC, Born CT, Hanks GA, Iannacone WM, DeLong WG (1996) Surgical management of soft tissue lesions associated with pelvic ring injury. Clin Orthop Relat Res 329:46–53PubMed

73.

Krajbich JI, Daneman A, Smith C, Donoghue V (1985) Sacro-iliac joint injuries in children. J Bone Jt Surg Br 67:333 (ref type: abstract)

74.

Krantz BE, Bell RM (2002) Clinical examination in screening for pelvic fractures in blunt trauma. J Am Coll Surg 195:740PubMed

75.

Krauss F (1930) Über Symphysensprengung. Zentbl Chir 3:134–135

76.

Kregor PJ, Routt ML Jr (1999) Unstable pelvic ring disruptions in unstable patients. Injury 30(Suppl 2):B19–B28PubMed

77.

Krettek C, Simon RG, Tscherne H (1998) Management priorities in patients with polytrauma. Langenbecks Arch Surg 383:220–227PubMed

78.

Kristinsson G, Wall SP, Crain EF (2007) The digital rectal examination in pediatric trauma: a pilot study. J Emerg Med 32:59–62PubMed

79.

Kroeger KR, Kahn A, Coombs RJ (2000) Retroperitoneal hemorrhage in pediatric pelvic trauma. Contemp Surg 56:701–703

80.

Labler L, Trentz O (2007) The use of vacuum assisted closure (VAC) in soft tissue injuries after high energy pelvic trauma. Langenbecks Arch Surg 392:601–609PubMed

81.

Lane-O’Kelly A, Fogarty E, Dowling F (1995) The pelvic fracture in childhood: a report supporting nonoperative management. Injury 26:327–329PubMed

82.

Lindahl J, Hirvensalo E, Bostman O, Santavirta S (1999) Failure of reduction with an external fixator in the management of injuries of the pelvic ring. Long-term evaluation of 110 patients. J Bone Jt Surg Br 81:955–962

83.

Lis LE, Cohen AJ (1990) CT cystography in the evaluation of bladder trauma. J Comput Assist Tomogr 14:386–389PubMed

84.

Lynch TH, Martinez-Pineiro L, Plas E, Serafetinides E, Turkeri L, Santucci RA, Hohenfellner M (2005) EAU guidelines on urological trauma. Eur Urol 47:1–15PubMed

85.

Magid D, Fishman EK, Ney DR, Kuhlman JE, Frantz KM, Sponseller PD (1992) Acetabular and pelvic fractures in the pediatric patient: value of two- and three-dimensional imaging. J Pediatr Orthop 12:621–625PubMed

86.

Marcus RE, Mills MF, Thompson GH (1983) Multiple injury in children. J Bone Jt Surg Am 65:1290–1294

87.

Marsh JL, Slongo TF, Agel J, Broderick JS, Creevey W, DeCoster TA, Prokuski L, Sirkin MS, Ziran B, Henley B, Audige L (2007) Fracture and dislocation classification compendium—2007: Orthopaedic Trauma Association classification, database and outcomes committee. J Orthop Trauma 21:S1–133PubMed

88.

McDonald GA (1980) Pelvic disruptions in children. Clin Orthop Relat Res 151:130–134PubMed

89.

McIntyre RC Jr, Bensard DD, Moore EE, Chambers J, Moore FA (1993) Pelvic fracture geometry predicts risk of life-threatening hemorrhage in children. J Trauma 35:423–429PubMed

90.

McLaren AC, Rorabeck CH, Halpenny J (1990) Long-term pain and disability in relation to residual deformity after displaced pelvic ring fractures. Can J Surg 33:492–494PubMed

91.

Meyer-Junghanel L, Gansslen A, Pohlemann T, Tscherne H (1997) Treatment outcome after complex pelvic trauma in children. Unfallchirurg 100:225–233PubMed

92.

Morey AF (2005) Consensus statement on urethral trauma. J Urol 174:968–969

93.

Mosheiff R, Suchar A, Porat S, Shmushkevich A, Segal D, Liebergall M (1999) The “crushed open pelvis” in children. Injury 30(Suppl 2):B14–B18PubMed

94.

Muller M (1996) The comprehensive classification of fractures: pelvis (ref type: audiovisual material)

95.

Musemeche CA, Fischer RP, Cotler HB, Andrassy RJ (1987) Selective management of pediatric pelvic fractures: a conservative approach. J Pediatr Surg 22:538–540PubMed

96.

Nabaweesi R, Arnold MA, Chang DC, Rossberg MI, Ziegfeld S, Sawaya DE, Bathurst MA, Colombani P, Abdullah F (2008) Prehospital predictors of risk for pelvic fractures in pediatric trauma patients. Pediatr Surg Int 24:1053–1056PubMed

97.

Ogden JA (1982) Pelvis. In: Ogden JA (ed) Skeletal injury in the child. Lea & Febiger, Philadelphia, pp 423–446

98.

Papakostidis C, Giannoudis PV (2009) Pelvic ring injuries with haemodynamic instability: efficacy of pelvic packing, a systematic review. Injury 40(Suppl 4):S53–S61PubMed

99.

Patel K, Chapman S (1993) Normal symphysis pubis width in children. Clin Radiol 47:56–57PubMed

100.

Peterson DL, Schinco MA, Kerwin AJ, Griffen MM, Pieper P, Tepas JJ (2004) Evaluation of initial base deficit as a prognosticator of outcome in the pediatric trauma population. Am Surg 70:326–328PubMed

101.

Platz A, Friedl HP, Kohler A, Trentz O (1992) Surgical management of severe pelvic crush injuries. Helv Chir Acta 58:925–929PubMed

102.

Pohlemann T (2000) Pelvic ring injuries: assessment and concepts of surgical management. In: Ruedi TP, Murphy WM (eds) AO principles of fracture management. Thieme-Verlag, Stuttgart, pp 391–414

103.

Pohlemann T, Bosch U, Gansslen A, Tscherne H (1994) The Hannover experience in management of pelvic fractures. Clin Orthop Relat Res 305:69–80PubMed

104.

Pohlemann T, Culemann U, Gansslen A, Tscherne H (1996) Severe pelvic injury with pelvic mass hemorrhage: determining severity of hemorrhage and clinical experience with emergency stabilization. Unfallchirurg 99:734–743PubMed

105.

Pohlemann T, Gansslen A, Bosch U, Tscherne H (1995) The technique of packing for control of hemorrhage in complex pelvic fractures. Tech Orthop 9:267–270

106.

Pohlemann T, Gansslen A, Partenheimer A (2006) Becken und Acetabulumverletzungen im Kindesalter. In: Weinberg AM, Tscherne H (eds) Unfallchirurgie, Verletztungen im Kindesalter. Springer, Heidelberg, pp 577–602

107.

Pohlemann T, Paul C, Gansslen A, Regel G, Tscherne H (1996) Traumatic hemipelvectomy. Experiences with 11 cases. Unfallchirurg 99:304–312PubMed

108.

Poigenfürst J. (1972) Beckenbrüche. In: Nigst H (ed) Spezielle Frakturen- und Luxationslehre. Thieme, Stuttgart, vol 1/2, pp 141–228

109.

Qasim ZA, Masood R, Mateen MA (2004) Successful use of angiographic embolization to control hemorrhage from blunt pelvic trauma in a pediatric patient. J Pak Med Assoc 54:32–33PubMed

110.

Quick TJ, Eastwood DM (2005) Pediatric fractures and dislocations of the hip and pelvis. Clin Orthop Relat Res 432:87–96PubMed

111.

Quinby WC Jr (1966) Fractures of the pelvis and associated injuries in children. J Pediatr Surg 1:353–364PubMed

112.

Ramirez DW, Schuette JJ, Knight V, Johnson E, Denise J, Walker AR (2008) Necessity of routine pelvic radiograph in the pediatric blunt trauma patient. Clin Pediatr (Phila) 47:935–940

113.

Randolph LC, Takacs M, Davis KA (2002) Resuscitation in the pediatric trauma population: admission base deficit remains an important prognostic indicator. J Trauma 53:838–842PubMed

114.

Rang M (1983) Children’s fractures. J.B. Lippincott Company, Philadelphia

115.

Rangger C, Gabl M, Dolati B, Spiss R, Beck E (1994) Pediatric pelvic fractures. Unfallchirurg 97:649–651PubMed

116.

Reed MH (1976) Pelvic fractures in children. J Can Assoc Radiol 27:255–261PubMed

117.

Reff RB (1984) The use of external fixation devices in the management of severe lower-extremity trauma and pelvic injuries in children. Clin Orthop Relat Res 188:21–33PubMed

118.

Reichard SA, Helikson MA, Shorter N, White RI Jr, Shemeta DW, Haller JA Jr (1980) Pelvic fractures in children—review of 120 patients with a new look at general management. J Pediatr Surg 15:727–734PubMed

119.

Reichmann I, Aufmkolk M, Neudeck F, Bardenheuer M, Schmit-Neuerburg KP, Obertacke U (1998) Comparison of severe multiple injuries in childhood and adulthood. Unfallchirurg 101:919–927PubMed

120.

Remmers D, Regel G, Neumann C, Pape HC, Post-Stanke A, Tscherne H (1998) Pediatric polytrauma. A retrospective comparison between pediatric, adolescent and adult polytrauma. Unfallchirurg 101:388–394PubMed

121.

Richter H (1991) Beckenfrakturen im Kindesalter. Zentralbl Chir 116:214–215

122.

Rieger H, Brug E (1997) Fractures of the pelvis in children. Clin Orthop Relat Res 336:226–239PubMed

123.

Rieger H, Dietl KH (1998) Traumatic hemipelvectomy: an update. J Trauma 45:422–426PubMed

124.

Rivara FP (1999) Pediatric injury control in 1999: where do we go from here? Pediatrics 103:883–888PubMed

125.

Routt ML Jr, Falicov A, Woodhouse E, Schildhauer TA (2002) Circumferential pelvic antishock sheeting: a temporary resuscitation aid. J Orthop Trauma 16:45–48PubMed

126.

Routt ML Jr, Nork SE, Mills WJ (2002) High-energy pelvic ring disruptions. Orthop Clin North Am 33:59–72, viii

127.

Salvino CK, Esposito TJ, Smith D, Dries D, Marshall W, Flisak M, Gamelli RL (1992) Routine pelvic X-ray studies in awake blunt trauma patients: a sensible policy? J Trauma 33:413–416PubMed

128.

Sandler CM, Hall JT, Rodriguez MB, Corriere JN Jr (1986) Bladder injury in blunt pelvic trauma. Radiology 158:633–638PubMed

129.

Schlickewei W, Keck T (2005) Pelvic and acetabular fractures in childhood. Injury 36(Suppl 1):A57–A63PubMed

130.

Schroeder F, Horn EP, Redmann G, Standl T (1999) Intraoperative normothermia with partial warming of patients undergoing orthopedic procedures. Anasthesiol Intensivmed Notfallmed Schmerzther 34:475–479PubMed

131.

Schwarz N, Mayr J, Fischmeister FM, Schwarz AF, Posch E, Ohner T (1994) 2 years results of conservative therapy of unstable fractures of the pelvic ring in children. Unfallchirurg 97:439–444PubMed

132.

Schwarz N, Posch E, Mayr J, Fischmeister FM, Schwarz AF, Ohner T (1998) Long-term results of unstable pelvic ring fractures in children. Injury 29:431–433PubMed

133.

Shlamovitz GZ, Mower WR, Bergman J, Crisp J, DeVore HK, Hardy D, Sargent M, Shroff SD, Snyder E, Morgan MT (2007) Lack of evidence to support routine digital rectal examination in pediatric trauma patients. Pediatr Emerg Care 23:537–543PubMed

134.

Silber JS, Flynn JM (2002) Changing patterns of pediatric pelvic fractures with skeletal maturation: implications for classification and management. J Pediatr Orthop 22:22–26PubMed

135.

Silber JS, Flynn JM, Koffler KM, Dormans JP, Drummond DS (2001) Analysis of the cause, classification, and associated injuries of 166 consecutive pediatric pelvic fractures. J Pediatr Orthop 21:446–450PubMed

136.

Simpson T, Krieg JC, Heuer F, Bottlang M (2002) Stabilization of pelvic ring disruptions with a circumferential sheet. J Trauma 52:158–161PubMed

137.

Smith CE, Desai R, Glorioso V, Cooper A, Pinchak AC, Hagen KF (1998) Preventing hypothermia: convective and intravenous fluid warming versus convective warming alone. J Clin Anesth 10:380–385PubMed

138.

Smith W, Shurnas P, Morgan S, Agudelo J, Luszko G, Knox EC, Georgopoulos G (2005) Clinical outcomes of unstable pelvic fractures in skeletally immature patients. J Bone Jt Surg Am 87:2423–2431

139.

Snyder CL, Jain VN, Saltzman DA, Strate RG, Perry JF Jr, Leonard AS (1990) Blunt trauma in adults and children: a comparative analysis. J Trauma 30:1239–1245PubMed

140.

Spiguel L, Glynn L, Liu D, Statter M (2006) Pediatric pelvic fractures: a marker for injury severity. Am Surg 72:481–484PubMed

141.

Stachel P, Kap-herr S (1987) Der Stellenwert der Operation bei Beckenfrakturen. In: Hoffmann von Kap-herr S (ed) Operationsindikationen bei Frakturen im Kindesalter. Gustav Fischer Verlag, Stuttgart, pp 126–130

142.

Stäubli HU, Ganz R, Fornaro E, Weber BG, Magerl F (1990) Die posttraumatische Hüftdysplasie—Langzeitergebnisse nach Y-Fugenverletzungen im Kleinkindesalter. In: Debrunner AM (ed) Langzeitresultate in der Orthopädie. Enke-Verlag, pp 140–141

143.

Stiletto RJ, Baacke M, Gotzen L (2000) Comminuted pelvic ring disruption in toddlers: management of a rare injury. J Trauma 48:161–164PubMed

144.

Stuhler T, Stankovic P, Krause P, Koch A (1977) Pelvic fractures in children: clinic, late results, biomechanic (author’s transl). Arch Orthop Unfallchir 90:187–198PubMed

145.

Subasi M, Arslan H, Necmioglu S, Onen A, Ozen S, Kaya M (2004) Long-term outcomes of conservatively treated paediatric pelvic fractures. Injury 35:771–781PubMed

146.

Sy MH, Diouf S, Ndoye M, Ndiaye M, Fall I, Diop EI, Diagne BA (1995) Pelvic ring fractures in children. Apropos of 47 cases. Rev Chir Orthop Reparatrice Appar Mot 81:538–545PubMed

147.

Tarman GJ, Kaplan GW, Lerman SL, McAleer IM, Losasso BE (2002) Lower genitourinary injury and pelvic fractures in pediatric patients. Urology 59:123–126PubMed

148.

Tile M (1988) Pelvic ring fractures: should they be fixed? J Bone Jt Surg Br 70:1–12

149.

Tile M, Helfet DL, Kellam JF (2003) Fractures of the pelvis and acetabulum. Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, Philadelphia

150.

Torode I, Zieg D (1985) Pelvic fractures in children. J Pediatr Orthop 5:76–84

151.

Totterman A, Madsen JE, Skaga NO, Roise O (2007) Extraperitoneal pelvic packing: a salvage procedure to control massive traumatic pelvic hemorrhage. J Trauma 62:843–852PubMed

152.

Trousdale RT, Ganz R (1994) Posttraumatic acetabular dysplasia. Clin Orthop Relat Res 305:124–132PubMed

153.

Tscherne H, Pohlemann T (1998) Tscherne Unfallchirurgie: Becken und Acetabulum. Springer, Berlin

154.

Tscherne H, Pohlemann T, Gansslen A (2000) Classification, staging, urgency and indications in pelvic injuries. Zentralbl Chir 125:717–724PubMed

155.

Tscherne H, Pohlemann T, Gansslen A, Hufner T, Pape HC (2000) Crush injuries of the pelvis. Eur J Surg 166:276–282PubMed

156.

Upperman JS, Gardner M, Gaines B, Schall L, Ford HR (2000) Early functional outcome in children with pelvic fractures. J Pediatr Surg 35:1002–1005PubMed

157.

Vahedi M, Ayuyao A, Parsa M, Freeman H (1995) Pneumatic antishock garment-associated compartment syndrome in injured lower extremities. J Trauma 38:616–618PubMed

158.

Vazquez WD, Garcia VF (1993) Pediatric pelvic fractures combined with an additional skeletal injury is an indicator of significant injury. Surg Gynecol Obstet 177:468–472PubMed

159.

Vermeulen B, Peter R, Hoffmeyer P, Unger PF (1999) Prehospital stabilization of pelvic dislocations: a new strap belt to provide temporary hemodynamic stabilization. Swiss Surg 5:43–46PubMed

160.

Vitale MG, Kessler MW, Choe JC, Hwang MW, Tolo VT, Skaggs DL (2005) Pelvic fractures in children: an exploration of practice patterns and patient outcomes. J Pediatr Orthop 25:581–587PubMed

161.

Watts HG (1976) Fractures of the pelvis in children. Orthop Clin North Am 7:615–624PubMed

162.

Yugueros P, Sarmiento JM, Garcia AF, Ferrada R (1995) Unnecessary use of pelvic X-ray in blunt trauma. J Trauma 39:722–725PubMed

163.

Zimmermann T, Patzak HJ, Kelm C, Flechsenhar K, Kunze K (1992) Treatment of ruptures of the symphysis and iliosacral joint in pediatric patients. Eur J Pediatr Surg 2:348–351PubMed

Titel: Fractures of the pelvis in children: a review of the literature
verfasst von: Axel Gänsslen
Nima Heidari
Annelie M. Weinberg
Publikationsdatum: 01.12.2013
Verlag: Springer Paris
Erschienen in: European Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery & Traumatology / Ausgabe 8/2013
Print ISSN: 1633-8065
Elektronische ISSN: 1432-1068
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00590-012-1102-0

Arthropedia

Grundlagenwissen der Arthroskopie und Gelenkchirurgie. Erweitert durch Fallbeispiele, Videos und Abbildungen.
» Jetzt entdecken

Neu im Fachgebiet Orthopädie und Unfallchirurgie

Proximale Humerusfraktur: Auch 100-Jährige operieren?

01.05.2024 DCK 2024 Kongressbericht

Mit dem demographischen Wandel versorgt auch die Chirurgie immer mehr betagte Menschen. Von Entwicklungen wie Fast-Track können auch ältere Menschen profitieren und bei proximaler Humerusfraktur können selbst manche 100-Jährige noch sicher operiert werden.

Sind Frauen die fähigeren Ärzte?

30.04.2024 Gendermedizin Nachrichten

Patienten, die von Ärztinnen behandelt werden, dürfen offenbar auf bessere Therapieergebnisse hoffen als Patienten von Ärzten. Besonders gilt das offenbar für weibliche Kranke, wie eine Studie zeigt.

Notfall-TEP der Hüfte ist auch bei 90-Jährigen machbar

26.04.2024 Hüft-TEP Nachrichten

Ob bei einer Notfalloperation nach Schenkelhalsfraktur eine Hemiarthroplastik oder eine totale Endoprothese (TEP) eingebaut wird, sollte nicht allein vom Alter der Patientinnen und Patienten abhängen. Auch über 90-Jährige können von der TEP profitieren.

Arthroskopie kann Knieprothese nicht hinauszögern

25.04.2024 Gonarthrose Nachrichten

Ein arthroskopischer Eingriff bei Kniearthrose macht im Hinblick darauf, ob und wann ein Gelenkersatz fällig wird, offenbar keinen Unterschied.

Update Orthopädie und Unfallchirurgie

Bestellen Sie unseren Fach-Newsletter und bleiben Sie gut informiert.

Newsletter bestellen

Springer Medizin

Abstract

Bitte loggen Sie sich ein, um Zugang zu diesem Inhalt zu erhalten

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 8/2013

Factors affecting mortality after hip fracture surgery: a retrospective analysis of 578 patients

Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease: role of isolated adductor tenotomy?

The twenty-year survivorship of two CDH stems with different design features

Surgical treatment of acromioclavicular dislocation with LARS artificial ligament

The treatment of femoral neck fractures: results using cephalocervical screws with sliding mechanism