Introduction
Methods
Questionnaire
C-1 Can you fasten the front buttons of your blouse or shirt using both hands? |
C-2 Can you fasten the buttons of your blouse or shirt using only the right hand? |
C-3 Can you fasten the buttons of your blouse or shirt using only the left hand? |
C-4 Can you fasten the uppermost button of your blouse or shirt? |
C-5 Can you fasten the cuff buttons of your blouse or shirt? |
C-6 Can you turn the pages of a book or a newspaper? |
C-7 Can you eat a meal using a spoon or a fork with your right hand? |
C-8 Can you eat a meal using a spoon or a fork with your left hand? |
C-9 Can you eat a meal using a pair of chopsticks? |
C-10 Can you remove fish bones using a pair of chopsticks? |
C-11 Does your right hand reach your mouth? |
C-12 Does your left hand reach your mouth? |
The items of a reply to these questions from C-1 to C-12 are below: |
1) I can do it without difficulty. |
2) I can do it if I spend time. |
3) I cannot do it. |
0) I am not sure. |
C-13 Can you raise your right arm? |
C-14 Can you raise your left arm? |
The items of a reply to these questions are below: |
1) I can raise it straight upward. |
2) I can raise it upward when flexed a little. |
3) I can raise it halfway (up to shoulder level). |
4) I cannot raise it. |
C-15 Can you remain sitting on a chair without leaning on the backrest? |
1) I can do it for the time necessary to have a meal. |
2) I can do it for the time necessary to change clothes. |
3) I can do it for the time necessary to use a toilet (evacuation of bowels). |
4) I cannot do it. |
0) I am not sure. |
C-16 Can you stand up from the sitting position (on your own), without the assistance of other people, or without the support of a handrail or a stick? |
1) I can do it without difficulty. |
2) I can do it if I take time. |
3) I cannot do it. |
0) I am not sure. |
C-17 Can you keep standing (on your own), without the assistance of other people, or without the support of a handrail or a stick? |
1) I can do it for a while (more than 3 minutes). |
2) I can do it for a short time (about a minute). |
3) I cannot do it. |
0) I am not sure. |
C-18 Can you walk on a flat surface? |
1) I can do it without difficulty. |
2) I can do it slowly. |
3) I can do it with support (of a handrail, a stick, or a walker). |
4) I can do it only slowly even with support. |
5) I cannot do it. |
0) I am not sure. |
C-19 Can you go up the stairs without holding the handrail? |
C-20 Can you go down the stairs without holding the handrail? |
The items of a reply to these questions are below: |
1) I can do it without difficulty. |
2) I can do it if I take time. |
3) I cannot do it. |
0) I am not sure. |
C-21 Can you stand on your right leg without the support of your hand? |
C-22 Can you stand on your left leg without the support of your hand? |
The items of a reply to these questions are below: |
1) I can do it for more than 10 seconds. |
2) I can do it for less than 10 seconds. |
3) I can hardly do it. |
0) I am not sure. |
C-23 Can you jump on your right leg? |
C-24 Can you jump on your left leg? |
The items of a reply to these questions are below: |
1) I can do it ( ) times. (Put the number of times in the blank). |
2) I can hardly do it. |
0) I am not sure. |
C-25 Can you walk at a quick pace? |
C-26 Can you trot? (By “trot” we mean moving fairly fast at a speed between walking and running, taking small quick steps.) |
The items of a reply to these questions are below: |
1) I can do it without difficulty. |
2) I cannot do it. |
0) I am not sure. |
C-27 Do you need a catheter (an artificial tube) insertion to void urine (for urination)? |
1) I do not need it. |
2) I usually do not need it. |
3) I sometimes need it, sometimes not. |
4) I usually need it. |
C-28 Do you have urinary incontinence? |
1) No. |
2) I have it when I sneeze or strain myself. |
3) I have it when I do not release urine over a period of more than two hours. |
4) Frequently. |
5) Always. |
C-29 Can you void urine without strain? |
1) I can do it. |
2) I cannot do it without strain. |
3) I cannot do it by myself. |
C-30 How often do you go to the bathroom (to void urine) at night? |
1) Hardly ever |
2) Once or twice. |
3) Three times or more. |
C-31 Do you have a feeling of residual urine even after voiding of urine (urination)? |
1) I rarely have such a feeling. |
2) I sometimes have such a feeling, and sometimes not. |
3) I usually have such a feeling. |
0) I am not sure. |
C-32 Can you void urine immediately in the toilet? |
1) I almost always can do it immediately. |
2) I sometimes can do it immediately, and sometimes not. |
3) I usually cannot do it immediately. |
0) I am not sure. |
C-33 Do you have bowel movements (evacuations) every day? |
1) I have more than one movement almost every day. |
2) I have a movement almost every day. |
3) I have a movement about every other day. |
4) I have a movement about every three days. |
5) I have a movement more than every three days. |
C-34 [Question for men]. Have you ever been told at a urology department that you had prostate hypertrophy? |
1) No. |
2) Yes, but I have not had treatment. |
3) Yes, I have. I underwent medical treatment and it was cured. |
4) Yes, I have. I have been undergoing medical treatment. |
C-35. While in the sitting position, can you look up at the ceiling by drawing your head directly backward? |
1) I can do it without difficulty. |
2) I can do it with some effort. |
3) I cannot do it. |
C-36. Can you gargle? |
C-37. Can you drink a glass of water in one gulp? |
C-38. Can you see your feet when you walk down the stairs? |
C-39. While in the sitting position, can you turn your head toward the person seated on your right side without moving your body? |
C-40. While in the sitting position, can you turn your head toward the person seated on your left side without moving your body? |
The items of a reply to these questions from C-36 to C-40 are below: |
1) I can do it without difficulty. |
2) I can do it with some effort. |
3) I cannot do it. |
0) I am not sure. |
C-41. Can you turn your head when you back your car? |
1) I can do it without difficulty. |
2) I can do it with some effort. |
3) I cannot do it. |
0) I am not sure. I do not drive a car/I do not drive these days. |
The following are questions on your daily life during the last week (unless otherwise specified). For each question, circle one of the items numbered 1–5 that best describes your condition. |
QOL-1 What is your present health condition? |
1) Excellent |
2) Very good |
3) Good |
4) Not very good |
5) Poor |
QOL-2 What is your present health condition as compared with that of a year ago? |
1) Much better |
2) A little bit better |
3) Almost the same |
4) Not as good |
5) Much worse |
QOL-3 The following are ordinary daily activities. Please indicate if you have difficulty doing them because of your poor health condition and, if so, how difficult you think it is to do them. Circle the item number that most applies. |
1. Engaging in hard activities |
(Such as running fast, lifting a heavy object, doing intense exercise) |
1) I have great difficulty |
2) I have some difficulty |
3) I do not have any difficulty |
2. Engaging in moderate activities |
(Such as cleaning the house, taking care of the yard, taking a one- or two-hour walk) |
1) I have great difficulty |
2) I have some difficulty |
3) I do not have any difficulty |
3. Lifting or carrying moderately heavy objects |
(Such as a shopping bag) |
1) I have great difficulty |
2) I have some difficulty |
3) I do not have any difficulty |
4. Climbing the stairs to higher floors |
1) I have great difficulty |
2) I have some difficulty |
3) I do not have any difficulty |
5. Climbing the stairs to one floor above |
1) I have great difficulty |
2) I have some difficulty |
3) I do not have any difficulty |
6. Bending forward, kneeling, and stooping |
1) I have great difficulty |
2) I have some difficulty |
3) I do not have any difficulty |
7. Walking a kilometer |
1) I have great difficulty |
2) I have some difficulty |
3) I do not have any difficulty |
8. Walking a few hundred meters |
1) I have great difficulty |
2) I have some difficulty |
3) I do not have any difficulty |
9. Walking a hundred meters |
1) I have great difficulty |
2) I have some difficulty |
3) I do not have any difficulty |
10. Taking a bath or changing clothes without the support of others |
1) I have great difficulty |
2) I have some difficulty |
3) I do not have any difficulty |
QOL-4 When you engaged in your work or daily activities (including housework) during the last month, did you have any of the problems listed below because of your physical condition? (Circle the item number in each topic that best applies.) |
1. I decreased the number of hours of working or daily activities. |
1) Always |
2) Almost always |
3) Sometimes |
4) Rarely |
5) Not at all |
2. I could not do my work or daily activities as well as I expected. |
1) Always |
2) Almost always |
3) Sometimes |
4) Rarely |
5) I was able to do my work or daily activities as well as I expected. |
3. I could not do some kinds of work or daily activities. |
1) Always |
2) Almost always |
3) Sometimes |
4) Rarely |
5) I was able to do any kind of work or daily activities. |
4. I had difficulty in engaging in my work or daily activities (e.g., I needed more effort to do it). |
1) Always |
2) Almost always |
3) Sometimes |
4) Rarely |
5) Not at all |
QOL-5 When you engaged in your work or daily activities (including housework) during the last month, did you have any of the problems listed below because of psychological reasons? (Circle the item number in each topic that best applies.) |
1. I decreased the number of hours of working or daily activities. |
1) Always |
2) Almost always |
3) Sometimes |
4) Rarely |
5) Not at all |
2. I could not do my work or daily activities as well as I would like. |
1) Always |
2) Almost always |
3) Sometimes |
4) Rarely |
5) I was able to do my work or daily activities as well as I expected. |
3. I could not concentrate on my work or daily activities as hard as I can normally. |
1) Always |
2) Almost always |
3) Sometimes |
4) Rarely |
5) I was able to concentrate on my work or daily activities as hard as I can. |
QOL-6 How severely were your relations with your family, friends, neighbors, and other acquaintances hindered because of physical or psychological reasons? |
1) Not at all |
2) A little |
3) Slightly |
4) Fairly |
5) Greatly |
QOL-7 How severe was your pain during the last month? |
1) None |
2) Very mild |
3) Mild |
4) Moderate |
5) Severe |
6) Very severe |
QOL-8 How severely was your work (including housework) hindered during the last month because of the pain? |
1) Not at all |
2) A little |
3) Slightly |
4) Fairly |
5) Greatly |
QOL-9 The following are questions about your feelings during the last month (circle the item number of each question that best applies). |
1. Were you full of good spirits? |
1) Always |
2) Almost always |
3) Sometimes |
4) Rarely |
5) Not at all |
2. Were you rather nervous? |
1) Always |
2) Almost always |
3) Sometimes |
4) Rarely |
5) Not at all |
3. Were you desperately depressed? |
1) Always |
2) Almost always |
3) Sometimes |
4) Rarely |
5) Not at all |
4. Were you comfortable and peaceful? |
1) Always |
2) Almost always |
3) Sometimes |
4) Rarely |
5) Not at all |
5. Were you full of physical power and life? |
1) Always |
2) Almost always |
3) Sometimes |
4) Rarely |
5) Not at all |
6. Were you discouraged and depressed? |
1) Always |
2) Almost always |
3) Sometimes |
4) Rarely |
5) Not at all |
7. Were you exhausted? |
1) Always |
2) Almost always |
3) Sometimes |
4) Rarely |
5) Not at all |
8. Did you feel pleasant? |
1) Always |
2) Almost always |
3) Sometimes |
4) Rarely |
5) Not at all |
9. Did you feel tired? |
1) Always |
2) Almost always |
3) Sometimes |
4) Rarely |
5) Not at all |
QOL-10 During the last month, how often were your relations with other people (for example, visiting your friends or relatives) hindered because of physical or psychological reasons? |
1) Always |
2) Almost always |
3) Sometimes |
4) Rarely |
5) Never |
QOL-11 Circle the item number of each of the following topics that best applies to your condition. |
1. I think I am more likely to become ill than other people. |
1) Completely yes. |
2) Almost yes. |
3) I am not sure. |
4) I hardly think so. |
5) I do not think so. |
2. I am in decent health. |
1) Completely yes. |
2) Almost yes. |
3) I am not sure. |
4) I hardly think so. |
5) I do not think so. |
3. I feel my health will get worse. |
1) Completely yes. |
2) Almost yes. |
3) I am not sure. |
4) I hardly think so. |
5) I do not think so. |
4. My health condition is excellent. |
1) Completely yes. |
2) Almost yes. |
3) I am not sure. |
4) I hardly think so. |
5) I do not think so. |
Motor function |
Upper extremity |
The thumb and fingers |
0 [Complete disturbance] The patient cannot use chopsticks or a spoon/fork, and cannot fasten a button on his or her own. |
1 [Severe disturbance] The patient cannot use chopsticks or write, and can barely use a spoon/fork. |
2 [Moderate disturbance] The patient can pick up a large object with chopsticks but can hardly write. He/she can fasten a large button. |
3 [Slight disturbance] The patient makes awkward use of chopsticks, writes in a clumsy manner, but can fasten buttons on his/her shirt. |
4 [Normal] Normal |
Shoulder/elbow function |
–2 [Severe disturbance] The muscle strength of the deltoid muscle or the brachial muscle evaluated by manual muscle testing (MMT) was graded as ≤2. |
–1 [Moderate disturbance] The muscle strength of the deltoid muscle or the brachial muscle evaluated by MMT was graded as 3. |
–0.5 [Slight disturbance] The muscle strength of the deltoid muscle or the brachial muscle evaluated by MMT was graded as 4. |
0 [Normal] The muscle strength of the deltoid muscle or the brachial muscle evaluated by MMT was graded as 5. Lower extremity |
0 [complete disturbance] The patient cannot stand or walk alone. |
(0.5 The patient can stand up.) |
1 [Severe disturbance] The patient needs support to walk on a flat surface. |
(1.5 The patient can walk on a flat surface without any support but the walking is not stable.) |
2 [Moderate disturbance] The patient can walk on a flat surface without any support, but needs a handrail to walk up and down stairs. |
(2.5 The patient can walk on a flat surface without any support, but needs a handrail only to walk down stairs.) |
3 [Slight disturbance] The patient can walk fast, although awkwardly. |
4 [Normal] Normal |
Sensory function |
Upper extremity |
0 [Severe disturbance] Complete sensory loss (touch sensation, pain sensation) |
(0.5 Partial sensory loss ≤5/10 (touch sensation, pain sensation); intolerable pain or numbness) |
1 [Moderate disturbance] Partial sensory loss ≥6/10 (touch sensation, pain sensation); numbness and hypersensitivity. |
(1.5 [Slight disturbance] Slight numbness (normal sensation)) |
2 [Normal] Normal |
Trunk |
0 [Severe disturbance] Complete sensory loss (touch sensation, pain sensation) |
(0.5 Partial sensory loss ≤5/10 (touch sensation, pain sensation); intolerable pain and numbness) |
1 [Moderate disturbance] Partial sensory loss ≥6/10 (touch sensation, pain sensation); numbness and hypersensitivity. |
(1.5 [Slight disturbance] Slight numbness (normal sensation)) |
2 [Normal] Normal |
Lower extremity |
0 [Severe disturbance] Complete sensory loss (touch sensation, pain sensation) |
(0.5 Partial sensory loss ≤5/10 (touch sensation, pain sensation); intolerable pain and numbness) |
1 [Moderate disturbance] Partial sensory loss ≥6/10 (touch sensation, pain sensation); numbness and hypersensitivity. |
(1.5 [Slight disturbance] Slight numbness (normal sensation)) |
2 [Normal] Normal |
Urinary bladder function |
0 [Severe disturbance] Urinary retention, incontinence |
1 [Moderate disturbance] Feeling of residual urine, straining of oneself, dull urination, elongation of urination (retarded urination), urinary incontinence |
2 [Slight disturbance] Retarded urination, pollakisuria |
3 [Normal] normal |
Total 17 |
Survey of patients with cervical myelopathy
Survey of healthy volunteers
Selection of questions to develop the short list of questions
Statistical analysis
Results
Patients with cervical myelopathy | Healthy volunteers | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Male | Female | Total | Male | Female | Total | |
n
| 164 | 86 | 250 | 96 | 120 | 216 |
Age (years) | ||||||
202–29 | 1 | 1 | 15 | 33 | 48 | |
30–39 | 7 | 2 | 9 | 18 | 22 | 40 |
40–49 | 20 | 9 | 29 | 20 | 16 | 36 |
50–59 | 40 | 18 | 58 | 15 | 21 | 36 |
60–69 | 55 | 20 | 75 | 12 | 15 | 27 |
70–79 | 32 | 27 | 59 | 12 | 12 | 24 |
80–89 | 9 | 9 | 18 | 4 | 1 | 5 |
90 or more | 1 | 1 | ||||
Disorders of the cervical spine | ||||||
Disc herniation | 33 | |||||
Spondylosis | 146 | |||||
Ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament | 59 | |||||
Calcification of the ligament fiavum | 2 | |||||
Spinal cord tumor | 7 | |||||
Combined | 3 | |||||
Other orthopedic disorders Yes | ||||||
Yes | 17 | 3 | ||||
No | 233 | 213 |
Motor function (upper extremity, finger) | ||||||||
Score | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | |||
Patients with cervical myelopathy (n) | 3 | 20 | 65 | 92 | 53 | |||
Healthy volunteers (n) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 212 | |||
Motor function (upper extremity, shoulder/elbow) | ||||||||
Score | −2 | −1 | −0.5 | 0 | ||||
Patients with cervical myelopathy (n) | 6 | 4 | 38 | 185 | ||||
Healthy volunteers (n) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 213 | ||||
Motor function (lower extremity) | ||||||||
Score | 0 | 0.5 | 1 | 1.5 | 2 | 2.5 | 3 | 4 |
Patients with cervical myelopathy (n) | 2 | 1 | 27 | 32 | 53 | 18 | 41 | 59 |
Healthy volunteers (n) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 209 |
Sensory (upper extremity) | ||||||||
Score | 0 | 0.5 | 1 | 1.5 | 2 | |||
Patients with cervical myelopathy (n) | 7 | 4 | 1 | 47 | 19 | |||
Healthy volunteers (n) | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 212 | |||
Sensory (trunk) | ||||||||
Score | 0 | 0.5 | 1 | 1.5 | 2 | |||
Patients with cervical myelopathy (n) | 5 | 9 | 42 | 18 | 159 | |||
Healthy volunteers (n) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 212 | |||
Sensory (lower extremity) | ||||||||
Score | 0 | 0.5 | 1 | 1.5 | 2 | |||
Patients with cervical myelopathy (n) | 4 | 24 | 73 | 45 | 87 | |||
Healthy volunteers (n) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 212 | |||
Bladder function | ||||||||
Score | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | ||||
Patients with cervical myelopathy (n) | 1 | 29 | 58 | 145 | ||||
Healthy volunteers (n) | 0 | 3 | 6 | 204 |
Excluded item | Reason | Accepted candidate |
---|---|---|
C-2 | Correlated to C-l, C-7, and C-18 | C-l |
C-3 | Correlated to C-l | C-7 |
C-4 | Correlated to C-l, C-7, C-18, C-21, and QOL-3-7 | C-13 |
C-5 | Correlated to C-l, C-21, and QOL-3-7 | C-18 |
C-6 | Correlated to C-l and C-7 | C-21 |
C-8 | Correlated to C-l and C-7 | C-28 |
C-9 | Correlated to C-l and C-7 | C-30 |
C-10 | Correlated to C-l, C-7, C-18, and C-21 | C-31 |
C-ll | The answer was concentrated on "I can do it without difficulty." | C-32 |
C-12 | The answer was concentrated on "I can do it without difficulty." | C-35 |
C-14 | Correlated to C-13 | C-37 |
C-15 | The answer was concentrated on “I can do it without difficulty.” | C-38 |
C-16 | Correlated to C-18, C-21, QOL-3-5, QOL 3-6, and QOL 3-7 | C-41 |
C-17 | The answer was concentrated on “I can do it without difficulty.” | QOL-1 |
C-19 | Correlated to C-18, C-21, QOL-3-5, QOL-3-6, QOL-3-7, and QOL-4-2 | QOL-3-5 |
C-20 | Correlated to C-18, C-21, QOL-3-5, QOL-3-6, QOL-3-7, and QOL-4-2 | QOL-3-6 |
C-22 | Correlated to C-l, C-18, C-21, QOL-3-5, QOL-3-6, and QOL-3-7 | QOL-3-7 |
C-23 | Correlated to C-18 and C-21 | QOL-4-2 |
C-24 | Correlated to C-18 and C-21 | QOL-8 |
C-25 | Correlated to C-l, C-18, C-21, QOL-3-5, QOL-3-7, and QOL-4-2 | QOL-9-6 |
C-26 | Correlated to C-18, C-21, QOL-3-5, QOL-3-7, and QOL-4-2 | QOL-9-7 |
C-27 | The answer was concentrated on “I can do it without difficulty.” | QOL-9-8 |
C-29 | Correlated to C-32. The answer was concentrated on “I can do it without difficulty.” | QOL-11-2 |
C-33 | Same distribution of answers as healthy | QOL-11-3 |
C-34 | The answer was concentrated on “I can do it without difficulty.” | |
C-36 | Correlated to C-35 | |
C-39 | Correlated to C-35. There was a trend toward the answer being concentrated on “I can do it without difficulty.” | |
C-40 | Correlated to C-35. There was a trend toward the answer being concentrated on “I can do it without difficulty.” | |
QOL-2 | Correlated to QOL-1 | |
QOL-3-1 | Correlated to QOL-3-7 and C-18 | |
QOL-3-2 | Correlated to QOL-3-5, QOL-3-6, QOL-3-7, QOL-4-2, C-18, and C-21 | |
QOL-3-3 | Correlated to QOL-3-5, QOL-3-6, QOL-3-7, C-18, and C-21 | |
QOL-3-4 | Correlated to QOL-3-5, QOL-3-6, QOL-3-7, QOL-4-2, C-18, and C-21 | |
QOL-3-8 | Correlated to QOL-3-5, QOL-3-6, QOL-3-7, C-18, and C-21 | |
QOL-3-9 | Correlated to QOL-3-5, QOL-3-6, QOL-3-7, C-l, C-18, and C-21 | |
QOL-3-10 | Correlated to QOL-3-5, QOL-3-6, QOL-3-7, C-l, C-18, and C-21 | |
QOL-4-1 | Correlated to QOL-3-7, QOL-4-2, and QOL-8 | |
QOL-4-3 | Correlated to QOL-3-5, QOL-3-7, QOL-4-2, and C-18 | |
QOL-4-4 | Correlated to QOL-3-5, QOL-3-7, QOL-4-2, QOL-8, QOL-9-8, and C-18 | |
QOL-5-1 | Correlated to QOL-4-2 and QOL-8 | |
QOL-5-2 | Correlated to QOL-4-2 and QOL-8 | |
QOL-5-3 | Correlated to QOL-4-2 and QOL-8 | |
QOL-6 | Correlated to QOL-4-2 | |
QOL-7 | Correlated to QOL-8 | |
QOL-9-1 | Correlated to QOL-9-6 and QOL-9-8 | |
QOL-9-2 | Correlated to QOL-8 and QOL-9-6 | |
QOL-9-3 | Correlated to QOL-8, QOL-9-6 and QOL-9-7 | |
QOL-9-4 | Correlated to QOL-9-6 and QOL-9-8 | |
QOL-9-5 | Correlated to QOL-9-8 | |
QOL-9-6 | Correlated to QOL-9-6 and QOL-9-7 | |
QOL-10 | Correlated to QOL-4-2 | |
QOL-11-1 | Correlated to QOL-11-2 | |
QOL-11-4 | Correlated to QOL-1, QOL-9-8, and QOL-11-2 |
Itemsl | The minimal ratio of discrimination for each choice | The ratio of discrimination through all choices | κ value |
---|---|---|---|
C-l | 56.0% | 76.1% | 0.59 |
C-7 | 56.5% | 82.9% | 0.52 |
C-13 | 25.0% | 80.5% | 0.43 |
C-18 | 50.0% | 79.7% | 0.65 |
C-21 | 43.1% | 70.0% | 0.53 |
C-28 | 13.8% | 76.8% | 0.35 |
C-30 | 43.4% | 54.0% | 0.23 |
C-31 | 44.0% | 76.6% | 0.48 |
C-32 | 40.4% | 76.3% | 0.44 |
C-35 | 54.2% | 77.9% | 0.54 |
C-37 | 16.7% | 77.0% | 0.44 |
C-38 | 20.0% | 80.3% | 0.39 |
C-41 | 39.1% | 63.2% | 0.44 |
QOL-1 | 25.0% | 56.1% | 0.31 |
QOL-3-5 | 58.1% | 81.0% | 0.68 |
QOL-3-6 | 61.5% | 74.0% | 0.55 |
QOL-3-7 | 35.1% | 71.6% | 0.56 |
QOL-4-2 | 0.0% | 49.5% | 0.34 |
QOL-8 | 25.0% | 54.0% | 0.40 |
QOL-9-6 | 31.6% | 61.3% | 0.45 |
QOL-9-7 | 25.9% | 55.4% | 0.40 |
QOL-9-8 | 16.7% | 51.9% | 0.36 |
QOL-11-2 | 18.2% | 41.6% | 0.22 |
QOL-11-3 | 0.0% | 53.7% | 0.17 |
Discussion
C-1. Can you fasten the front buttons of your blouse or shirt using both hands? |
1) I can do it without difficulty. |
2) I can do it if I spend time. |
3) I cannot do it. |
0) I am not sure. |
C-7. Can you eat a meal using a spoon or a fork with your right hand? |
1) I can do it without difficulty. |
2) I can do it if I spend time. |
3) I cannot do it. |
0) I am not sure. |
C-13. Can you raise your right arm? |
1) I can raise it straight upward. |
2) I can raise it upward when flexed a little. |
3) I can raise it halfway (up to shoulder level). |
4) I cannot raise it. |
C-18. Can you walk on a flat surface? |
1) I can do it without difficulty. |
2) I can do it slowly. |
3) I can do it with support (of a handrail, a stick, or a walker). |
4) I can do it only slowly even with support. |
5) I cannot do it. |
0) I am not sure. |
C-21. Can you stand on your right leg without the support of your hand? |
1) I can do it for more than 10 seconds. |
2) I can do it for less than 10 seconds. |
3) I can hardly do it. |
0) I am not sure. |
C-28. Do you have urinary incontinence? |
1) No. |
2) I have it when I sneeze or strain myself. |
3) I have it when I do not release urine over a period of more than two hours. |
4) Frequently. |
5) Always. |
C-30. How often do you go to the bathroom (to void urine) at night? |
1) Hardly ever. |
2) Once or twice. |
3) Three times or more. |
C-31. Do you have a feeling of residual urine even after voiding of urine (urination)? |
1) I rarely have such a feeling. |
2) I sometimes have such a feeling, and sometimes not. |
3) I usually have such a feeling. |
0) I am not sure. |
C-32. Can you void urine immediately in the toilet? |
1) I almost always can do it immediately. |
2) I sometimes can do it immediately, and sometimes not. |
3) I usually cannot do it immediately. |
0) I am not sure. |
C-35. While in the sitting position, can you look up at the ceiling by drawing your head directly backward? |
1) I can do it without difficulty. |
2) I can do it with some effort. |
3) I cannot do it. |
C-37. Can you drink a glass of water in one gulp? |
1) I can do it without difficulty. |
2) I can do it with some effort. |
3) I cannot do it. |
0) I am not sure. |
C-38. Can you see your feet when you walk down the stairs? |
1) I can do it without difficulty. |
2) I can do it with some effort. |
3) I cannot do it. |
0) I am not sure. |
C-41. Can you turn your head when you back your car? |
1) I can do it without difficulty. |
2) I can do it with some effort. |
3) I cannot do it. |
0) I am not sure. I do not drive a car/I do not drive these days. |
C-41-2. Alternative question |
While in the sitting position, can you turn your head toward the person who is seated behind you and speak to him/her while looking him/her in the face? |
1) I cannot do it. |
2) I can do it with some effort. |
3) I can do it without difficulty. |
QOL-1. What is your present health condition? |
1) Excellent |
2) Very good |
3) Good |
4) Not very good |
5) Poor |
QOL-3. The following are ordinary daily activities. Please indicate if you have difficulty doing them because of your poor health condition and, if so, how difficult you think it is to do them. Circle the item number that most applies. |
5. Climbing the stairs to one floor above |
1) I have great difficulty |
2) I have some difficulty |
3) I do not have any difficulty |
6. Bending forward, kneeling, and stooping |
1) I have great difficulty |
2) I have some difficulty |
3) I do not have any difficulty |
7. Walking a kilometer |
1) I have great difficulty |
2) I have some difficulty |
3) I do not have any difficulty |
QOL-4. When you engaged in your work or daily activities (including housework) during the last month, did you have any of the problems listed below because of your physical condition? (Circle the item number in each topic that best applies.) |
2. I could not do my work or daily activities as well as I expected. |
1) Always |
2) Almost always |
3) Sometimes |
4) Rarely |
5) I was able to do my work or daily activities as well as I expected. |
QOL-8. How severely was your work (including housework) hindered during the last month because of the pain? |
1) Not at all |
2) A little |
3) Slightly |
4) Fairly |
5) Greatly |
QOL-9. The following are questions about your feelings during the last month (circle the item number of each question that best applies). |
6. Were you discouraged and depressed? |
1) Always |
2) Almost always |
3) Sometimes |
4) Rarely |
5) Not at all |
7. Were you exhausted? |
1) Always |
2) Almost always |
3) Sometimes |
4) Rarely |
5) Not at all |
8. Did you feel pleasant? |
1) Always |
2) Almost always |
3) Sometimes |
4) Rarely |
5) Not at all |
QOL-11. Circle the item number of each of the following topics that best applies to your condition. |
2. I am in decent health. |
1) Completely yes. |
2) Almost yes. |
3) I am not sure. |
4) I hardly think so. |
5) I do not think so. |
3. I feel my health will get worse. |
1) Completely yes. |
2) Almost yes. |
3) I am not sure. |
4) I hardly think so. |
5) I do not think so. |