Introduction
Methods
Defining response and cooperation rates
Explanatory measures and analysis methods
Results
Response at 60–64 years by childhood and adult socioeconomic characteristics
Overall responsea (2661/3163) | Provided clinical information at home or clinicb (2,229/2,630) | Attended CRFc (1690/2,229) | Mutually adjustedd overall response (n = 2,188) | Mutually adjustedd visit cooperation (n = 1,950) | Mutually adjustedd CRF cooperation (n = 1,726) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n (% responded) |
n (% cooperated) |
n (% cooperated) | OR (95 % CI) | OR (95 % CI) | OR (95 % CI) | |
Sex |
p = 0.002 |
p = 0.5 |
p = 0.7 |
p = 0.002 |
p = 0.5 |
p = 0.7 |
Male | 1,286 (82.1) | 1,067 (84.3) | 813 (76.2) | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Female | 1,375 (86.1) | 1,162 (85.2) | 877 (75.5) | 1.63 (1.20, 2.23) | 1.09 (0.82, 1.47) | 1.05 (0.82, 1.34) |
Childhood and young adulthood
| ||||||
Childhood social class |
p < 0.001 |
p < 0.001 |
p < 0.001 |
p = 0.7 |
p = 0.8 |
p = 0.4 |
Manual | 1,390 (81.1) | 1,134 (82.3) | 790 (69.7) | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Non-manual | 1,137 (88.9) | 983 (87.7) | 811 (82.5) | 0.94 (0.67, 1.32) | 0.96 (0.70, 1.32) | 0.88 (0.67, 1.15) |
Educational qualifications by 26 years |
p < 0.001 |
p < 0.001 |
p < 0.001 |
p < 0.001 |
p = 0.02 |
p < 0.001 |
A level & above | 947 (91.2) | 837 (89.4) | 732 (87.5) | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Up to GCE | 705 (87.0) | 604 (86.5) | 468 (77.5) | 0.78 (0.50, 1.21) | 0.71 (0.48, 1.05) | 0.56 (0.40, 0.79) |
None | 858 (76.2) | 671 (79.2) | 404 (60.2) | 0.37 (0.24, 0.56) | 0.56 (0.37, 0.84) | 0.30 (0.21, 0.41) |
Owner occupier at 26 years |
p < 0.001 |
p = 0.001 |
p = 0.01 |
p = 0.002 |
p = 0.20 |
p = 0.9 |
Owner occupier | 1,212 (89.5) | 1,051 (88.0) | 821 (78.1) | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Non owner occupier | 1,169 (82.0) | 964 (83.3) | 706 (73.2) | 0.60 (0.44, 0.83) | 0.81 (0.60, 1.09) | 0.99 (0.77, 1.26) |
Adulthood
| ||||||
Social class at 53 years |
p < 0.001 |
p < 0.001 |
p < 0.001 | p > 0.9 |
p = 0.02 |
p < 0.001 |
Non-manual | 1,622 (91.0) | 1,443 (90.0) | 1,201 (83.2) | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Manual | 709 (84.9) | 584 (83.4) | 357(61.1) | 1.00 (0.71, 1.41) | 0.67 (0.48, 0.93) | 0.52 (0.40, 0.68) |
Economic activity status at 53 years |
p < 0.001 |
p = 0.005 |
p < 0.001 |
p = 0.04 |
p = 0.4 |
p = 0.08 |
Employed in paid work | 2,005 (89.4) | 1,748 (88.1) | 1,365 (78.1) | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Unemployed & looking | 59 (81.9) | 53 (91.4) | 36 (67.9) | 1.50 (0.56, 4.00) | 1.54 (0.53, 4.44) | 0.59 (0.29, 1.23) |
Not looking for work/homemaker | 155 (91.2) | 125 (81.7) | 91 (72.8) | 2.82 (0.86, 9.25) | 0.72 (0.37, 1.39) | 0.85 (0.46, 1.55) |
Retired from paid work | 104 (86.7) | 89 (87.3) | 67 (75.3) | 0.62 (0.32, 1.23) | 0.74 (0.37, 1.49) | 0.99 (0.51, 1.91) |
Long-term sick/disabled to work | 135 (70.7) | 103 (78.6) | 52 (50.5) | 0.56 (0.32, 0.99)) | 1.80 (0.75, 4.29) | 0.50 (0.29, 0.85) |
Owner occupier at 53 years |
p < 0.001 |
p = 0.002 |
p < 0.001 |
p = 0.002 |
p = 0.05 |
p = 0.05 |
Owner occupier | 2,196 (90.1) | 1,911 (88.1) | 1,487 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Rent privately | 61 (73.5) | 46 (75.4) | (77.8) 32 (69.6) | 0.36 (0.19, 0.69) | 0.36 (0.18, 0.75) | 0.98 (0.41, 2.33) |
Rent from social landlord | 139 (70.9) | 110 (80.3) | 53 (48.2) | 0.59 (0.36, 0.97) | 1.04 (0.57, 1.87) | 0.52 (0.32, 0.84) |
Other | 50 (79.4) | 43 (86.0) | 34 (79.1) | 0.51 (0.24, 1.10) | 1.00 (0.38, 2.63) | 1.28 (0.53, 3.10) |
Marital status at 53 years |
p < 0.001 |
p = 0.006 |
p = 0.3 |
p = 0.01 |
p = 0.3 | |
Married | 1,969 (89.6) | 1,717 (88.1) | 1,314 (76.5) | 1 | 1 | |
Single/separated/divorced/widowed | 487 (81.4) | 400 (83.5) | 297 (74.3) | 0.64 (0.46, 0.90) | 0.82 (0.58, 1.17) |
Response at 60–64 years in relation to health-related characteristics
Overall responsea (2661/3163) | Provided clinical information at home or clinicb (2231/2,630) | Completed clinic visitc (1690/2,229) | Mutually adjustedd overall response (n = 2,143) | Mutually adjustede visit cooperation (n = 1,986) | Mutually adjustedf CRF cooperation (n = 1,717) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n (% responded) |
n (% cooperated) |
n (% cooperated) | OR (95 %CI) | OR (95 %CI) | OR (95 %CI) | |
Childhood
| ||||||
Childhood cognitive score |
p < 0.001 |
p = 0.03 |
p < 0.001 |
p = 0.01 |
p = 0.2 |
p = 0.001 |
Top 10 % | 261 (90.0) | 225 (88.3) | 190 (84.4) | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Middle 80 % | 2,020 (85.6) | 1,707 (85.4) | 1,299 (76.1) | 0.63 (0.33, 1.21) | 1.22 (0.75, 1.99) | 0.69 (0.44, 1.08) |
Bottom 10 % | 182 (71.7) | 142 (79.3) | 79 (55.6) | 0.35 (0.16, 0.76) | 0.80 (0.41, 1.57) | 0.33 (0.18, 0.62) |
Adulthood
| ||||||
Verbal memory at 53 years |
p < 0.001 |
p < 0.001 |
p < 0.001 |
p = 0.02 |
p = 0.01 |
p = 0.002 |
Top 10 % | 327 (97.0) | 299 (92.3) | 259 (86.6) | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Middle 80 % | 1,875 (88.4) | 1,631 (88.1) | 1,248 (76.5) | 0.36 (0.17, 0.76) | 0.67 (0.40, 1.12) | 0.59 (0.39, 0.89) |
Bottom 10 % | 208 (81.3) | 160 (77.3) | 89 (55.6) | 0.39 (0.16, 0.91) | 0.39 (0.21, 0.75) | 0.37 (0.21, 0.63) |
Physical performance score at 53 years |
p < 0.001 |
p = 0.005 |
p < 0.001 | p > 0.9 |
p = 0.4 |
p = 0.2 |
Top 10 % | 236 (91.5) | 215 (91.9) | 177 (82.3) | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Middle 80 % | 1,866 (88.7) | 1,615 (87.6) | 1,238 (76.7) | 0.95 (0.56, 1.61) | 1.01 (0.60, 1.67) | 0.94 (0.62, 1.42) |
Bottom 10 % | 190 (79.8) | 152 (81.3) | 96 (63.2) | 0.90 (0.44, 1.86) | 0.74 (0.38, 1.42) | 0.63 (0.36, 1.12) |
Functional limitations at 53 years |
p < 0.001 |
p = 0.3 |
p < 0.001 |
p = 0.1 |
p = 0.5 | |
No difficulties walking | 2,263 (89.0) | 1,953 (87.3) | 1,516 (77.6) | 1 | 1 | |
Severe difficulties walking | 140 (74.1) | 115 (83.9) | 65 (56.5) | 0.71 (0.40, 1.28) | 0.85 (0.50, 1.43) | |
Mental health profiles to 53 years |
p = 0.4 |
p = 0.4 |
p = 0.9 | |||
Absence of symptoms | 1,275 (88.3) | 1,085 (86.2) | 826 (76.1) | |||
Repeat symptoms | 567 (89.0) | 499 (89.1) | 377 (75.6) | |||
Adolescent onset, adult well | 361 (88.5) | 313 (87.2) | 241 (77.0) | |||
Adult onset | 221 (85.0) | 192 (88.1) | 143 (74.5) | |||
GHQ score at 53 years |
p = 0.1 |
p = 0.3 |
p = 0.7 |
p = 0.9 | ||
4 or fewer symptoms | 1,960 (88.7) | 1,682 (86.9) | 1,275 (75.8) | 1 | ||
5 + symptoms | 442 (86.3) | 388 (88.6) | 298 (76.8) | 0.97 (0.67, 1.42) | ||
Health problems at 53 years |
p < 0.001 |
p = 0.5 |
p = 0.01 |
p = 0.11 |
p = 0.6 | |
No health problems | 1,517 (89.8) | 1,308 (87.1) | 1,022 (78.1) | 1 | 0.87 (0.67, 1.13) | |
1 health problem | 713 (86.1) | 621 (88.1) | 457 (73.6) | 0.72 (0.52, 1.00) | ||
2 + health problems | 228 (81.4) | 189 (85.1) | 132 (69.8) | 0.68 (0.40, 1.16) | 0.90 (0.57, 1.43) | |
Cardiovascular at disease at 53 years |
p = 0.001 |
p = 0.8 |
p = 0.08 |
p = 0.3 |
p = 0.6 | |
No | 2,337 (88.4) | 2,015 (87.2) | 1,540 (76.4) | 1 | 1 | |
Yes | 121 (79.6) | 103 (88.0) | 71 (68.9) | 0.73 (0.41, 1.32) | 1.18 (0.65, 2.12) | |
Obese at 53 years |
p = 0.04 |
p < 0.001 |
p < 0.001 |
p > 0.9 |
p < 0.001 |
p = 0.02 |
No | 1,866 (88.8) | 1,643 (88.9) | 1,284 (78.2) | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Yes (BMI ≥ 30kg/m2) | 570 (85.8) | 462 (82.4) | 321 (69.5) | 0.98 (0.70, 1.39) | 0.57 (0.42, 0.77) | 0.73 (0.55, g0.95) |
Lifetime smoking to 53 years |
p < 0.001 |
p < 0.001 |
p < 0.001 |
p < 0.001 |
p = 0.006 |
p < 0.001 |
Never smoker | 751 (88.2) | 644 (86.7) | 514 (79.8) | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Predominantly non-smoker | 869 (89.2) | 769 (89.4) | 608 (79.1) | 1.20 (0.80, 1.79) | 1.24 (0.86, 1.80) | 0.81 (0.60, 1.08) |
Predominantly smoker | 514 (84.8) | 424 (84.0) | 301 (71.0) | 0.73 (0.48, 1.11) | 0.80 (0.54, 1.18) | 0.70 (0.50, 0.98) |
Lifelong smoker | 345 (76.0) | 265 (77.5) | 169 (63.8) | 0.46 (0.30, 0.70) | 0.61 (0.40, 0.92) | 0.44 (0.31, 0.64) |
Physical activity at 53 years |
p < 0.001 |
p < 0.001 |
p < 0.001 |
p = 0.05 |
p = 0.07 |
p = 0.02 |
Very active | 860 (91.0) | 759 (89.3) | 613 (80.8) | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Moderately active | 462 (92.2) | 418 (91.3) | 339 (81.0) | 1.41 (0.87, 2.28) | 1.52 (0.97, 2.40) | 1.23 (0.87, 1.73) |
Inactive | 1,135 (84.1) | 941 (83.9) | 659 (70.0) | 0.82 (0.58, 1.15) | 0.91 (0.66, 1.26) | 0.80 (0.61, 1.04) |
CAGE alcohol problems at 53 years |
p = 0.3 |
p = 0.3 |
p = 0.8 | |||
No/1 problem | 2,147 (88.7) | 1,855 (87.4) | 1,424 (76.8) | |||
2 + problems | 167 (86.1) | 148 (90.2) | 115 (77.7) |
Multiply adjusted socioeconomic and health-related predictors of response
Comparison with general population
NSHD study members at age 60–64:a % | Relevant age band from 2001 England Census population | Profile of 2001 England Census population: % | Profile of Jan–Dec 2010 ONS Integrated Household Survey participants of white ethnic origin, aged 60–64 living in England, Scotland and Walesb c
| |
---|---|---|---|---|
Gender | 60–64 | |||
Male | 48.2 | 48.7 | 48.9 | |
Female | 51.8 | 51.3 | 51.1 | |
Own social class (NSSEC)d
| 55–64 | |||
Higher managerial | 10.6 | 9.6 | 12.2 | |
Lower managerial | 25.0 | 22.7 | 25.4 | |
Intermediate | 13.9 | 11.4 | 11.7 | |
Small employers | 14.1 | 13.8 | 12.3 | |
Lower supervisory | 8.0 | 9.8 | 9.8 | |
Semi-routine | 16.4 | 17.5 | 16.3 | |
Routine | 11.9 | 15.2 | 12.2 | |
Employment statuse
| 55–64 | |||
Working | 49.1 | 38.9 | 44.5 | |
ILO unemployed | 1.6 | 1.6 | 1.9 | |
Retired/inactive | 49.3 | 59.5 | 53.6 | |
Housing tenure | 60–64 | |||
Owner occupier | 88.8 | 79.4 | 81.6 | |
Rent privately | 3.5 | 5.6 | 5.0 | |
Rent from social landlord | 7.7 | 15.1 | 13.4 | |
Marital status | 60–64 | |||
Married/cohabiting | 77.4 | 72.1 | 71.8 | |
Single/separated/divorced/widowed | 22.6 | 27.9 | 28.2 | |
Limiting long-term illness | 26.0 | 60–64 | 33.8 | not available |
No limiting long-term illness | 74.0 | 66.2 | ||
Smoking status | ||||
Current smoker | 19.3 | 18.2 | ||
Ex-smoker | 49.2 | 45.3 | ||
Never smoker | 31.5 | 36.5 |