Skip to main content
Erschienen in: Journal of Immigrant and Minority Health 4/2017

10.11.2016 | Original Paper

Social Support and HIV Risks Among Migrant and Non-Migrant Market Workers in Almaty, Kazakhstan

verfasst von: Gaukhar Mergenova, Stacey A. Shaw, Assel Terlikbayeva, Louisa Gilbert, Lenore Gensburg, Sholpan Primbetova, Nabila El-Bassel

Erschienen in: Journal of Immigrant and Minority Health | Ausgabe 4/2017

Einloggen, um Zugang zu erhalten

Abstract

Migration processes are listed within the primary factors facilitating the heterosexual spread of HIV. The study examines the relationship between social support, sexual HIV risk behaviors and sexually transmitted infections (STIs) among 1342 male migrant and non-migrant market workers from Barakholka Market in Almaty, Kazakhstan. Results: (1) higher level of perceived social support [Enhancing Recovery in Coronary Heart Disease (ENRICHD) Social Support Instrument (ESSI score)] was associated with a lower likelihood of having sex with a female sex worker (FSW) [OR = 0.952 (0.927, 0.978) p < .001]; (2) higher availability of friends was associated with a higher likelihood of having STIs [OR = 1.244 (1.007, 1.537), p < .05]; (3) larger network size was associated with a higher likelihood of having STIs [OR = 1.201 (1.026, 1.407), p < .05]; (4) loneliness was associated with an increased likelihood of having unprotected sex with any female partner [RR = 1.102 (1.027, 1.182), p < .05]. Results suggest that social support factors should be considered as a component of HIV and STI prevention programs for male migrant workers from Central Asia in Kazakhstan.
Literatur
1.
Zurück zum Zitat Anderson B, Hancilova B. Migrant labour in Kazakhstan: a cause for concern? J Ethnic Migr Stud. 2011;37(3):467–83.CrossRef Anderson B, Hancilova B. Migrant labour in Kazakhstan: a cause for concern? J Ethnic Migr Stud. 2011;37(3):467–83.CrossRef
3.
Zurück zum Zitat Sultangalyeva A. City and people. sociocultural transformation in Kazakhstan. Almaty; 2010. Sultangalyeva A. City and people. sociocultural transformation in Kazakhstan. Almaty; 2010.
4.
Zurück zum Zitat IOM.World migration report, 2013. Geneva: International Organization for Migration (IOM); 2013.CrossRef IOM.World migration report, 2013. Geneva: International Organization for Migration (IOM); 2013.CrossRef
5.
Zurück zum Zitat OECD. Measurement of the non-observed economy: a handbook. Paris: OECD Publications; 2002. OECD. Measurement of the non-observed economy: a handbook. Paris: OECD Publications; 2002.
8.
Zurück zum Zitat El-Bassel N, Gilbert L, Terlikbayeva A, West B, Bearman P, Wu E, Zhussupov B, Platais I, Brisson A. Implications of mobility patterns and HIV risks for HIV prevention among migrant market vendors in Kazakhstan. Am J Public Health 2011; 101(6):1075–81.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral El-Bassel N, Gilbert L, Terlikbayeva A, West B, Bearman P, Wu E, Zhussupov B, Platais I, Brisson A. Implications of mobility patterns and HIV risks for HIV prevention among migrant market vendors in Kazakhstan. Am J Public Health 2011; 101(6):1075–81.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
9.
Zurück zum Zitat Thorne C, Ferencic N, Malyuta R, Mimica J, Niemiec T: Central Asia: hotspot in the worldwide HIV epidemic. Lancet Infect Dis 2010;7(10):479–88.CrossRef Thorne C, Ferencic N, Malyuta R, Mimica J, Niemiec T: Central Asia: hotspot in the worldwide HIV epidemic. Lancet Infect Dis 2010;7(10):479–88.CrossRef
10.
Zurück zum Zitat DeHovitz J, Uuskula A, El-Bassel N. The HIV epidemic in Eastern Europe and Central Asia. Curr HIV/AIDS Rep 2014;11(2):168–76.CrossRefPubMed DeHovitz J, Uuskula A, El-Bassel N. The HIV epidemic in Eastern Europe and Central Asia. Curr HIV/AIDS Rep 2014;11(2):168–76.CrossRefPubMed
11.
Zurück zum Zitat Weine S, Bahromov M, Loue S, Owens L. HIV sexual risk behaviors and multilevel determinants among male labor migrants from Tajikistan. J Immigr Minor Health Center Minor Public Health. 2013;15(4):700–10.CrossRef Weine S, Bahromov M, Loue S, Owens L. HIV sexual risk behaviors and multilevel determinants among male labor migrants from Tajikistan. J Immigr Minor Health Center Minor Public Health. 2013;15(4):700–10.CrossRef
12.
Zurück zum Zitat Amirkhanian YA, Kuznetsova AV, Kelly JA, Difranceisco WJ, Musatov VB, Avsukevich NA, Chaika NA, McAuliffe TL. Male labor migrants in Russia: HIV risk behavior levels, contextual factors, and prevention needs. J Immigr Minor Health Center Minor Public Health. 2011;13(5):919–28.CrossRef Amirkhanian YA, Kuznetsova AV, Kelly JA, Difranceisco WJ, Musatov VB, Avsukevich NA, Chaika NA, McAuliffe TL. Male labor migrants in Russia: HIV risk behavior levels, contextual factors, and prevention needs. J Immigr Minor Health Center Minor Public Health. 2011;13(5):919–28.CrossRef
13.
Zurück zum Zitat Sen S, Aguilar J, Goldbach J. Does social capital act as a buffer against HIV Risk among migrant men in sub-Saharan Africa? J HIV/AIDS Soc Serv. 2010;9:190–211.CrossRef Sen S, Aguilar J, Goldbach J. Does social capital act as a buffer against HIV Risk among migrant men in sub-Saharan Africa? J HIV/AIDS Soc Serv. 2010;9:190–211.CrossRef
14.
Zurück zum Zitat Hirsch JS, Munoz-Laboy M, Nyhus CM, Yount KM, Bauermeister JA. They “miss more than anything their normal life back home”: masculinity and extramarital sex among Mexican migrants in Atlanta. Perspect Sex Reprod Health. 2009;41(1):23–32.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Hirsch JS, Munoz-Laboy M, Nyhus CM, Yount KM, Bauermeister JA. They “miss more than anything their normal life back home”: masculinity and extramarital sex among Mexican migrants in Atlanta. Perspect Sex Reprod Health. 2009;41(1):23–32.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
15.
Zurück zum Zitat Winett L, Harvey SM, Branch M, Torres A, Hudson D. Immigrant Latino men in rural communities in the Northwest: social environment and HIV/STI risk. Cult Health Sex 2011;13(6):643–656.CrossRefPubMed Winett L, Harvey SM, Branch M, Torres A, Hudson D. Immigrant Latino men in rural communities in the Northwest: social environment and HIV/STI risk. Cult Health Sex 2011;13(6):643–656.CrossRefPubMed
16.
Zurück zum Zitat Munoz-Laboy M, Hirsch JS, Quispe-Lazaro A. Loneliness as a sexual risk factor for male Mexican migrant workers. Am J Public Health. 2009;99(5):802–10.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Munoz-Laboy M, Hirsch JS, Quispe-Lazaro A. Loneliness as a sexual risk factor for male Mexican migrant workers. Am J Public Health. 2009;99(5):802–10.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
18.
Zurück zum Zitat Zou X, Chow EP, Zhao P, Xu Y, Ling L, Zhang L. Rural-to-urban migrants are at high risk of sexually transmitted and viral hepatitis infections in China: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Infect Dis. 2014;14:490.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Zou X, Chow EP, Zhao P, Xu Y, Ling L, Zhang L. Rural-to-urban migrants are at high risk of sexually transmitted and viral hepatitis infections in China: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Infect Dis. 2014;14:490.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
19.
Zurück zum Zitat Goldenberg SM, Strathdee SA, Perez-Rosales MD, Sued O. Mobility and HIV in Central America and Mexico: a critical review. J Immigr Minor Health Center Minor Public Health. 2012;14(1):48–64.CrossRef Goldenberg SM, Strathdee SA, Perez-Rosales MD, Sued O. Mobility and HIV in Central America and Mexico: a critical review. J Immigr Minor Health Center Minor Public Health. 2012;14(1):48–64.CrossRef
20.
Zurück zum Zitat Kapadia F, Siconolfi DE, Barton S, Olivieri B, Lombardo L, Halkitis PN. Social support network characteristics and sexual risk taking among a racially/ethnically diverse sample of young, urban men who have sex with men. AIDS Behav. 2013;17(5):1819–28.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Kapadia F, Siconolfi DE, Barton S, Olivieri B, Lombardo L, Halkitis PN. Social support network characteristics and sexual risk taking among a racially/ethnically diverse sample of young, urban men who have sex with men. AIDS Behav. 2013;17(5):1819–28.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
21.
Zurück zum Zitat Ismayilova L, Lee HN, Shaw S, El-Bassel N, Gilbert L, Terlikbayeva A, Rozental Y. Mental health and migration: depression, alcohol abuse, and access to health care among migrants in Central Asia. J Immigr Minor Health Center Minor Public Health 2014;16(6):1138–48.CrossRef Ismayilova L, Lee HN, Shaw S, El-Bassel N, Gilbert L, Terlikbayeva A, Rozental Y. Mental health and migration: depression, alcohol abuse, and access to health care among migrants in Central Asia. J Immigr Minor Health Center Minor Public Health 2014;16(6):1138–48.CrossRef
22.
Zurück zum Zitat Weine S, Bahromov M, Loue S, Owens L. Trauma exposure, PTSD, and HIV sexual risk behaviors among labor migrants from Tajikistan. AIDS Behav. 2012;16(6):1659–69.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Weine S, Bahromov M, Loue S, Owens L. Trauma exposure, PTSD, and HIV sexual risk behaviors among labor migrants from Tajikistan. AIDS Behav. 2012;16(6):1659–69.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
23.
Zurück zum Zitat Thoits PA. Conceptual, methodological, and theoretical problems in studying social support as a buffer against life stress. J Health Soc Behav. 1982;23(2):145–59.CrossRefPubMed Thoits PA. Conceptual, methodological, and theoretical problems in studying social support as a buffer against life stress. J Health Soc Behav. 1982;23(2):145–59.CrossRefPubMed
24.
Zurück zum Zitat Pratt LA, Xu F, McQuillan GM, Robitz R. The association of depression, risky sexual behaviours and herpes simplex virus type 2 in adults in NHANES, 2005–2008. Sex Transm Infect 2012; 88(1):40–4.CrossRefPubMed Pratt LA, Xu F, McQuillan GM, Robitz R. The association of depression, risky sexual behaviours and herpes simplex virus type 2 in adults in NHANES, 2005–2008. Sex Transm Infect 2012; 88(1):40–4.CrossRefPubMed
25.
Zurück zum Zitat Sandhya R, Avshalom C, Nigel D, Terrie EM, Charlotte P. Psychiatric disorders and risky sexual behavior in young adulthood: cross sectional study in birth cohort. BMJ. 2000;321(7256):263–6.CrossRef Sandhya R, Avshalom C, Nigel D, Terrie EM, Charlotte P. Psychiatric disorders and risky sexual behavior in young adulthood: cross sectional study in birth cohort. BMJ. 2000;321(7256):263–6.CrossRef
26.
Zurück zum Zitat Martin JI, Knox J. Loneliness and sexual risk behavior in gay men. Psychol Rep. 1997;81(3 Pt 1):815–25.CrossRefPubMed Martin JI, Knox J. Loneliness and sexual risk behavior in gay men. Psychol Rep. 1997;81(3 Pt 1):815–25.CrossRefPubMed
27.
Zurück zum Zitat Torres H, Gore-Felton C. Compulsivity, substance use, and loneliness: the loneliness and sexual risk model (LSRM). Sex Addict Compulsivity. 2007;14:63–75.CrossRef Torres H, Gore-Felton C. Compulsivity, substance use, and loneliness: the loneliness and sexual risk model (LSRM). Sex Addict Compulsivity. 2007;14:63–75.CrossRef
28.
Zurück zum Zitat Cohen S, Underwood LG, Gottlieb BH. Social support measurement and intervention: a guide for health and social scientists. 1st ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2000.CrossRef Cohen S, Underwood LG, Gottlieb BH. Social support measurement and intervention: a guide for health and social scientists. 1st ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2000.CrossRef
29.
Zurück zum Zitat Barrera MJ. Distinctions between social support concepts, measures, and models. Am J Community Psychol. 1986;14(4):413–45.CrossRef Barrera MJ. Distinctions between social support concepts, measures, and models. Am J Community Psychol. 1986;14(4):413–45.CrossRef
30.
Zurück zum Zitat Lazarus RS, Folkman S. Stress: appraisal and coping. New York: Springer Publishing Company; 1984. Lazarus RS, Folkman S. Stress: appraisal and coping. New York: Springer Publishing Company; 1984.
31.
Zurück zum Zitat Cohen S. Psychosocial models of the role of social support in the etiology of physical disease. Health Psychol. 1988;7(3):269–97.CrossRefPubMed Cohen S. Psychosocial models of the role of social support in the etiology of physical disease. Health Psychol. 1988;7(3):269–97.CrossRefPubMed
32.
Zurück zum Zitat Furnham A, Shiekh S. Gender, generational and social support correlates of mental health in Asian immigrants. Int J Soc Psychiatry. 1993;39(1):22–33.CrossRefPubMed Furnham A, Shiekh S. Gender, generational and social support correlates of mental health in Asian immigrants. Int J Soc Psychiatry. 1993;39(1):22–33.CrossRefPubMed
33.
Zurück zum Zitat Schwarzer R, Hahn A, Jerusalem M. Negative affect in east German migrants: longitudinal effects of unemployment and social support. Anxiety Stress Coping. 1993;6:57–69.CrossRef Schwarzer R, Hahn A, Jerusalem M. Negative affect in east German migrants: longitudinal effects of unemployment and social support. Anxiety Stress Coping. 1993;6:57–69.CrossRef
34.
Zurück zum Zitat Umberson D, Crosnoe R, Reczek C. Social relationships and health behavior across life course. Ann Rev Sociol. 2010;36:139–57.CrossRef Umberson D, Crosnoe R, Reczek C. Social relationships and health behavior across life course. Ann Rev Sociol. 2010;36:139–57.CrossRef
36.
Zurück zum Zitat Jones WH, Moore TL. Loneliness and social support. J Soc Behav Personal. 1987; 2(2, Pt 2):145–56. Jones WH, Moore TL. Loneliness and social support. J Soc Behav Personal. 1987; 2(2, Pt 2):145–56.
37.
Zurück zum Zitat Heckathorn DD. Respondent-driven sampling: a new approach to the study of hidden populations. Social Prob. 1997;44(2):174–99.CrossRef Heckathorn DD. Respondent-driven sampling: a new approach to the study of hidden populations. Social Prob. 1997;44(2):174–99.CrossRef
38.
Zurück zum Zitat El-Bassel N, Gilbert L, Shaw SA, Mergenova G, Terlikbayeva A, Primbetova S, Ma X, Chang M, Ismayilova L, Hunt T, et al. The silk road health project: how mobility and migration status influence HIV risks among male migrant workers in Central Asia. PloS One 2016;11:3.CrossRef El-Bassel N, Gilbert L, Shaw SA, Mergenova G, Terlikbayeva A, Primbetova S, Ma X, Chang M, Ismayilova L, Hunt T, et al. The silk road health project: how mobility and migration status influence HIV risks among male migrant workers in Central Asia. PloS One 2016;11:3.CrossRef
39.
Zurück zum Zitat Vaglio J Jr, Conard M, Poston WS, O’Keefe J, Haddock CK, House J, Spertus JA. Testing the performance of the ENRICHD social support instrument in cardiac patients. Health Qual Life Outcomes 2004;2:24.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Vaglio J Jr, Conard M, Poston WS, O’Keefe J, Haddock CK, House J, Spertus JA. Testing the performance of the ENRICHD social support instrument in cardiac patients. Health Qual Life Outcomes 2004;2:24.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
40.
Zurück zum Zitat Needle R, Fisher DG, Weatherby N, Chitwood D, Brown B, Cesari H, Andersen M. Reliability of self-reported HIV risk behaviors of drug users. Psychol Addict Behav. 1995;9(4):242–50.CrossRef Needle R, Fisher DG, Weatherby N, Chitwood D, Brown B, Cesari H, Andersen M. Reliability of self-reported HIV risk behaviors of drug users. Psychol Addict Behav. 1995;9(4):242–50.CrossRef
41.
Zurück zum Zitat Booth RE, Mikulich-Gilbertson SK, Brewster JT, Salomonsen-Sautel S, Semerik O. Predictors of self-reported HIV infection among drug injectors in Ukraine. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr (1999). 2004;35(1):82–8.CrossRef Booth RE, Mikulich-Gilbertson SK, Brewster JT, Salomonsen-Sautel S, Semerik O. Predictors of self-reported HIV infection among drug injectors in Ukraine. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr (1999). 2004;35(1):82–8.CrossRef
42.
Zurück zum Zitat Young H, Moyes A, Seagar L, McMillan A. Novel recombinant-antigen enzyme immunoassay for serological diagnosis of Syphilis. J Clin Microbiol. 1998;36(4):913–7.PubMedPubMedCentral Young H, Moyes A, Seagar L, McMillan A. Novel recombinant-antigen enzyme immunoassay for serological diagnosis of Syphilis. J Clin Microbiol. 1998;36(4):913–7.PubMedPubMedCentral
44.
Zurück zum Zitat Jewell NP. Statistics for epidemiology. 2004. Jewell NP. Statistics for epidemiology. 2004.
45.
Zurück zum Zitat Barros AJ, Hirakata VN. Alternatives for logistic regression in cross-sectional studies: an empirical comparison of models that directly estimate the prevalence ratio. BMC Med Res Methodol 2003;3:21.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Barros AJ, Hirakata VN. Alternatives for logistic regression in cross-sectional studies: an empirical comparison of models that directly estimate the prevalence ratio. BMC Med Res Methodol 2003;3:21.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
46.
Zurück zum Zitat RCAIDS. Kazakhstan global AIDS respond country progress report, 2014. In: Republican Center on Prevention and Control of AIDS (RCAIDS). Ministry of Health. 2014. RCAIDS. Kazakhstan global AIDS respond country progress report, 2014. In: Republican Center on Prevention and Control of AIDS (RCAIDS). Ministry of Health. 2014.
47.
Zurück zum Zitat El-Bassel N, Shaw SA. Mergenova G, Ismayilova L, McCrimmon T. Masculinities and social contexts of HIV risk practices among central asian male migrant workers. J AIDS Clin Res 2015;6(7):486. El-Bassel N, Shaw SA. Mergenova G, Ismayilova L, McCrimmon T. Masculinities and social contexts of HIV risk practices among central asian male migrant workers. J AIDS Clin Res 2015;6(7):486.
48.
Zurück zum Zitat Marmot MG, Adelstein AM, Bulusu L. Lessons from the study of immigrant mortality. Lancet. 1984;323:1455–7.CrossRef Marmot MG, Adelstein AM, Bulusu L. Lessons from the study of immigrant mortality. Lancet. 1984;323:1455–7.CrossRef
49.
Zurück zum Zitat Hubach RD, Dodge B, Li MJ, Schick V, Herbenick D, Ramos WD, Cola T, Reece M. Loneliness, HIV-related stigma, and condom use among a predominantly rural sample of HIV-positive men who have sex with men (MSM). AIDS Educ Prev. 2015;27(1):72–83.CrossRefPubMed Hubach RD, Dodge B, Li MJ, Schick V, Herbenick D, Ramos WD, Cola T, Reece M. Loneliness, HIV-related stigma, and condom use among a predominantly rural sample of HIV-positive men who have sex with men (MSM). AIDS Educ Prev. 2015;27(1):72–83.CrossRefPubMed
50.
Zurück zum Zitat Hernández-Plaza S, Alonso-Morillejo E, Pozo-Muñoz C. Social support interventions in migrant populations. Br J Soc Work. 2006;36(7):1151–69.CrossRef Hernández-Plaza S, Alonso-Morillejo E, Pozo-Muñoz C. Social support interventions in migrant populations. Br J Soc Work. 2006;36(7):1151–69.CrossRef
Metadaten
Titel
Social Support and HIV Risks Among Migrant and Non-Migrant Market Workers in Almaty, Kazakhstan
verfasst von
Gaukhar Mergenova
Stacey A. Shaw
Assel Terlikbayeva
Louisa Gilbert
Lenore Gensburg
Sholpan Primbetova
Nabila El-Bassel
Publikationsdatum
10.11.2016
Verlag
Springer US
Erschienen in
Journal of Immigrant and Minority Health / Ausgabe 4/2017
Print ISSN: 1557-1912
Elektronische ISSN: 1557-1920
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10903-016-0529-5

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 4/2017

Journal of Immigrant and Minority Health 4/2017 Zur Ausgabe