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Erschienen in: Current Cardiology Reports 5/2014

01.05.2014 | Diabetes and Cardiovascular Disease (S Malik, Section Editor)

Diabetes and Associated Complications in the South Asian Population

verfasst von: Arti Shah, Alka M. Kanaya

Erschienen in: Current Cardiology Reports | Ausgabe 5/2014

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Abstract

The rising prevalence of diabetes in South Asians has significant health and economic implications. South Asians are predisposed to the development of diabetes due to biologic causes which are exacerbated by lifestyle and environmental factors. Furthermore, they experience significant morbidity and mortality from complications of diabetes, most notably coronary artery disease, cerebrovascular disease, and chronic kidney disease. Therefore, understanding the pathophysiology and genetics of diabetes risk factors and its associated complications in South Asians is paramount to curbing the diabetes epidemic. With this understanding, the appropriate screening, preventative and therapeutic strategies can be implemented and further developed. In this review, we discuss in detail the biologic and lifestyle factors that predispose South Asians to diabetes and review the epidemiology and pathophysiology of microvascular and macrovascular complications of diabetes in South Asians. We also review the ongoing and completed diabetes prevention and management studies in South Asians.
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Zurück zum Zitat Ethnicity and cardiovascular disease. The incidence of myocardial infarction in white, South Asian, and Afro-Caribbean patients with type 2 diabetes (U.K. Prospective Diabetes Study 32). Diabetes Care. 1998;21(8):1271-1277. Ethnicity and cardiovascular disease. The incidence of myocardial infarction in white, South Asian, and Afro-Caribbean patients with type 2 diabetes (U.K. Prospective Diabetes Study 32). Diabetes Care. 1998;21(8):1271-1277.
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Zurück zum Zitat Forouhi NG, Sattar N, Tillin T, McKeigue PM, Chaturvedi N. Do known risk factors explain the higher coronary heart disease mortality in South Asian compared with European men? Prospective follow-up of the Southall and Brent studies, UK. Diabetologia. 2006;49(11):2580–8.PubMed Forouhi NG, Sattar N, Tillin T, McKeigue PM, Chaturvedi N. Do known risk factors explain the higher coronary heart disease mortality in South Asian compared with European men? Prospective follow-up of the Southall and Brent studies, UK. Diabetologia. 2006;49(11):2580–8.PubMed
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Zurück zum Zitat Siezenga MA, Shaw PK, Daha MR, Rabelink TJ, Berger SP. Low mannose-binding lectin (MBL) genotype is associated with future cardiovascular events in type 2 diabetic South Asians. A prospective cohort study. Cardiovasc Diabetol. 2011;10:60-2840-10-60. Siezenga MA, Shaw PK, Daha MR, Rabelink TJ, Berger SP. Low mannose-binding lectin (MBL) genotype is associated with future cardiovascular events in type 2 diabetic South Asians. A prospective cohort study. Cardiovasc Diabetol. 2011;10:60-2840-10-60.
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Zurück zum Zitat Narne P, Ponnaluri KC, Singh S, Siraj M, Ishaq M. Relationship between NADPH oxidase p22phox C242T, PARP-1 Val762Ala polymorphisms, angiographically verified coronary artery disease and myocardial infarction in South Indian patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Thromb Res. 2012;130(5):e259–65. Narne P, Ponnaluri KC, Singh S, Siraj M, Ishaq M. Relationship between NADPH oxidase p22phox C242T, PARP-1 Val762Ala polymorphisms, angiographically verified coronary artery disease and myocardial infarction in South Indian patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Thromb Res. 2012;130(5):e259–65.
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Zurück zum Zitat Gunarathne A, Patel JV, Gammon B, Gill PS, Hughes EA, Lip GY. Ischemic stroke in South Asians: A review of the epidemiology, pathophysiology, and ethnicity-related clinical features. Stroke. 2009;40(6):e415–23.PubMed Gunarathne A, Patel JV, Gammon B, Gill PS, Hughes EA, Lip GY. Ischemic stroke in South Asians: A review of the epidemiology, pathophysiology, and ethnicity-related clinical features. Stroke. 2009;40(6):e415–23.PubMed
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Zurück zum Zitat Gholap N, Davies M, Patel K, Sattar N, Khunti K. Type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease in South Asians. Prim Care Diabetes. 2011;5(1):45–56.PubMed Gholap N, Davies M, Patel K, Sattar N, Khunti K. Type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease in South Asians. Prim Care Diabetes. 2011;5(1):45–56.PubMed
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Zurück zum Zitat Gunarathne A, Patel JV, Potluri R, et al. Increased 5-year mortality in the migrant South Asian stroke patients with diabetes mellitus in the United Kingdom: The West Birmingham Stroke Project. Int J Clin Pract. 2008;62(2):197–201.PubMed Gunarathne A, Patel JV, Potluri R, et al. Increased 5-year mortality in the migrant South Asian stroke patients with diabetes mellitus in the United Kingdom: The West Birmingham Stroke Project. Int J Clin Pract. 2008;62(2):197–201.PubMed
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Zurück zum Zitat Gerstein HC, Anand S, Yi QL, et al. The relationship between dysglycemia and atherosclerosis in South Asian, Chinese, and European individuals in Canada: A randomly sampled cross-sectional study. Diabetes Care. 2003;26(1):144–9.PubMed Gerstein HC, Anand S, Yi QL, et al. The relationship between dysglycemia and atherosclerosis in South Asian, Chinese, and European individuals in Canada: A randomly sampled cross-sectional study. Diabetes Care. 2003;26(1):144–9.PubMed
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Zurück zum Zitat Venkataraman V, Amutha A, Anbalagan VP, et al. Association of glycated hemoglobin with carotid intimal medial thickness in Asian Indians with normal glucose tolerance. J Diabetes Complicat. 2012;26(6):526–30.PubMed Venkataraman V, Amutha A, Anbalagan VP, et al. Association of glycated hemoglobin with carotid intimal medial thickness in Asian Indians with normal glucose tolerance. J Diabetes Complicat. 2012;26(6):526–30.PubMed
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Zurück zum Zitat Chow CK, McQuillan B, Raju PK, et al. Greater adverse effects of cholesterol and diabetes on carotid intima-media thickness in South Asian Indians: Comparison of risk factor-IMT associations in two population-based surveys. Atherosclerosis. 2008;199(1):116–22. Chow CK, McQuillan B, Raju PK, et al. Greater adverse effects of cholesterol and diabetes on carotid intima-media thickness in South Asian Indians: Comparison of risk factor-IMT associations in two population-based surveys. Atherosclerosis. 2008;199(1):116–22.
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Zurück zum Zitat Kelemen LE, Anand SS, Hegele RA, et al. Associations of plasma homocysteine and the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase C677T polymorphism with carotid intima media thickness among South Asian, Chinese and European Canadians. Atherosclerosis. 2004;176(2):361–70.PubMed Kelemen LE, Anand SS, Hegele RA, et al. Associations of plasma homocysteine and the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase C677T polymorphism with carotid intima media thickness among South Asian, Chinese and European Canadians. Atherosclerosis. 2004;176(2):361–70.PubMed
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Zurück zum Zitat Gunarathne A, Patel JV, Kausar S, Gammon B, Hughes EA, Lip GY. Glycemic status underlies increased arterial stiffness and impaired endothelial function in migrant South Asian stroke survivors compared to European Caucasians: Pathophysiological insights from The West Birmingham Stroke Project. Stroke. 2009;40(7):2298–306.PubMed Gunarathne A, Patel JV, Kausar S, Gammon B, Hughes EA, Lip GY. Glycemic status underlies increased arterial stiffness and impaired endothelial function in migrant South Asian stroke survivors compared to European Caucasians: Pathophysiological insights from The West Birmingham Stroke Project. Stroke. 2009;40(7):2298–306.PubMed
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Zurück zum Zitat Kain K, Catto AJ, Grant PJ. Clustering of thrombotic factors with insulin resistance in South Asian patients with ischaemic stroke. Thromb Haemost. 2002;88(6):950–3. Kain K, Catto AJ, Grant PJ. Clustering of thrombotic factors with insulin resistance in South Asian patients with ischaemic stroke. Thromb Haemost. 2002;88(6):950–3.
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Zurück zum Zitat Kain K, Brockway M, Ishfaq T, et al. Ankle pressures in UK South Asians with diabetes mellitus: A case control study. Heart. 2013;99(9):614–9.PubMed Kain K, Brockway M, Ishfaq T, et al. Ankle pressures in UK South Asians with diabetes mellitus: A case control study. Heart. 2013;99(9):614–9.PubMed
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Zurück zum Zitat Premalatha G, Shanthirani S, Deepa R, Markovitz J, Mohan V. Prevalence and risk factors of peripheral vascular disease in a selected South Indian population: The Chennai Urban Population Study. Diabetes Care. 2000;23(9):1295–300.PubMed Premalatha G, Shanthirani S, Deepa R, Markovitz J, Mohan V. Prevalence and risk factors of peripheral vascular disease in a selected South Indian population: The Chennai Urban Population Study. Diabetes Care. 2000;23(9):1295–300.PubMed
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Zurück zum Zitat Bennett PC, Silverman S, Gill PS, Lip GY. Ethnicity and peripheral artery disease. QJM. 2009;102(1):3–16.PubMed Bennett PC, Silverman S, Gill PS, Lip GY. Ethnicity and peripheral artery disease. QJM. 2009;102(1):3–16.PubMed
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Zurück zum Zitat Chaturvedi N, Coady E, Mayet J, et al. Indian Asian men have less peripheral arterial disease than European men for equivalent levels of coronary disease. Atherosclerosis. 2007;193(1):204–12.PubMed Chaturvedi N, Coady E, Mayet J, et al. Indian Asian men have less peripheral arterial disease than European men for equivalent levels of coronary disease. Atherosclerosis. 2007;193(1):204–12.PubMed
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Zurück zum Zitat Chaturvedi N, Abbott CA, Whalley A, Widdows P, Leggetter SY, Boulton AJ. Risk of diabetes-related amputation in South Asians vs. Europeans in the UK. Diabet Med. 2002;19(2):99–104.PubMed Chaturvedi N, Abbott CA, Whalley A, Widdows P, Leggetter SY, Boulton AJ. Risk of diabetes-related amputation in South Asians vs. Europeans in the UK. Diabet Med. 2002;19(2):99–104.PubMed
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Zurück zum Zitat Abbott CA, Garrow AP, Carrington AL, et al. Foot ulcer risk is lower in South-Asian and African-Caribbean compared with European diabetic patients in the U.K.: The Northwest Diabetes Foot Care Study. Diabetes Care. 2005;28(8):1869–75.PubMed Abbott CA, Garrow AP, Carrington AL, et al. Foot ulcer risk is lower in South-Asian and African-Caribbean compared with European diabetic patients in the U.K.: The Northwest Diabetes Foot Care Study. Diabetes Care. 2005;28(8):1869–75.PubMed
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Zurück zum Zitat Stolk RP, van Schooneveld MJ, Cruickshank JK, et al. Retinal vascular lesions in patients of Caucasian and Asian origin with type 2 diabetes: Baseline results from the ADVANCE retinal measurements (AdRem) study. Diabetes Care. 2008;31(4):708–13.PubMed Stolk RP, van Schooneveld MJ, Cruickshank JK, et al. Retinal vascular lesions in patients of Caucasian and Asian origin with type 2 diabetes: Baseline results from the ADVANCE retinal measurements (AdRem) study. Diabetes Care. 2008;31(4):708–13.PubMed
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Zurück zum Zitat Sivaprasad S, Gupta B, Gulliford MC, et al. Ethnic variations in the prevalence of diabetic retinopathy in people with diabetes attending screening in the United Kingdom (DRIVE UK). PLoS One. 2012;7(3):e32182.PubMedCentralPubMed Sivaprasad S, Gupta B, Gulliford MC, et al. Ethnic variations in the prevalence of diabetic retinopathy in people with diabetes attending screening in the United Kingdom (DRIVE UK). PLoS One. 2012;7(3):e32182.PubMedCentralPubMed
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Zurück zum Zitat Pardhan S, Gilchrist J, Mahomed I. Impact of age and duration on sight-threatening retinopathy in South Asians and Caucasians attending a diabetic clinic. Eye (Lond). 2004;18(3):233–40. Pardhan S, Gilchrist J, Mahomed I. Impact of age and duration on sight-threatening retinopathy in South Asians and Caucasians attending a diabetic clinic. Eye (Lond). 2004;18(3):233–40.
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Zurück zum Zitat Raymond NT, Varadhan L, Reynold DR, et al. Higher prevalence of retinopathy in diabetic patients of South Asian ethnicity compared with white Europeans in the community: A cross-sectional study. Diabetes Care. 2009;32(3):410–5.PubMedCentralPubMed Raymond NT, Varadhan L, Reynold DR, et al. Higher prevalence of retinopathy in diabetic patients of South Asian ethnicity compared with white Europeans in the community: A cross-sectional study. Diabetes Care. 2009;32(3):410–5.PubMedCentralPubMed
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Zurück zum Zitat Sivaprasad S, Gupta B, Gulliford MC, et al. Ethnic variation in the prevalence of visual impairment in people attending diabetic retinopathy screening in the United Kingdom (DRIVE UK). PLoS One. 2012;7(6):e39608.PubMedCentralPubMed Sivaprasad S, Gupta B, Gulliford MC, et al. Ethnic variation in the prevalence of visual impairment in people attending diabetic retinopathy screening in the United Kingdom (DRIVE UK). PLoS One. 2012;7(6):e39608.PubMedCentralPubMed
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Metadaten
Titel
Diabetes and Associated Complications in the South Asian Population
verfasst von
Arti Shah
Alka M. Kanaya
Publikationsdatum
01.05.2014
Verlag
Springer US
Erschienen in
Current Cardiology Reports / Ausgabe 5/2014
Print ISSN: 1523-3782
Elektronische ISSN: 1534-3170
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11886-014-0476-5

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