Skip to main content
Erschienen in: Endocrine 3/2016

29.02.2016 | Editorial

Treatment of hypothyroidism: all that glitters is gold?

verfasst von: Anna Maria Formenti, Gherardo Mazziotti, Raffaele Giubbini, Andrea Giustina

Erschienen in: Endocrine | Ausgabe 3/2016

Einloggen, um Zugang zu erhalten

Excerpt

Levothyroxine (L-T4) is recommended worldwide for replacement therapy of hypothyroidism due to its efficacy in resolving the symptoms, long-term experience of its benefits, long serum half-life, and low cost. Since the isolation of L-T4 by Kendall in 1914 [1] and then the synthesis of T4 and its better absorbed sodium salt [2], it has become the therapy of choice, also due to the demonstration that about 80 % of biologically active tri-iodiothyronine is derived from peripheral conversion of T4 [3]. …
Literatur
1.
Zurück zum Zitat Landmark article, June 19, 1915. The isolation in crystalline form of the compound containing iodin, which occurs in the thyroid. Its chemical nature and physiologic activity. By E.C. Kendall. JAMA 250, 2045–2046 (1983) Landmark article, June 19, 1915. The isolation in crystalline form of the compound containing iodin, which occurs in the thyroid. Its chemical nature and physiologic activity. By E.C. Kendall. JAMA 250, 2045–2046 (1983)
2.
Zurück zum Zitat J. Elks, B.A. Hems, Recent developments with thyroxine. Pharm. J. 109, 508 (1949)PubMed J. Elks, B.A. Hems, Recent developments with thyroxine. Pharm. J. 109, 508 (1949)PubMed
3.
Zurück zum Zitat A. Pilo, G. Iervasi, F. Vitek, M. Ferdeghini, F. Cazzuola, R. Bianchi, Thyroidal and peripheral production of 3,5,3-triiodothyronine in humans by multicompartmental analysis. Am. J. Physiol. 258, E715–E726 (1990)PubMed A. Pilo, G. Iervasi, F. Vitek, M. Ferdeghini, F. Cazzuola, R. Bianchi, Thyroidal and peripheral production of 3,5,3-triiodothyronine in humans by multicompartmental analysis. Am. J. Physiol. 258, E715–E726 (1990)PubMed
4.
Zurück zum Zitat M.D. Danese, P.W. Ladenson, C.L. Meinert, N.R. Powe, Effect of thyroxine therapy on serum lipoproteins in patients with mild thyroid failure: a quantitative review of the literature. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 85, 2993–3001 (2000)PubMed M.D. Danese, P.W. Ladenson, C.L. Meinert, N.R. Powe, Effect of thyroxine therapy on serum lipoproteins in patients with mild thyroid failure: a quantitative review of the literature. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 85, 2993–3001 (2000)PubMed
5.
Zurück zum Zitat A.R. Cappola, P.W. Ladenson, Hypothyroidism and atherosclerosis. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 88, 2438–2444 (2003)CrossRefPubMed A.R. Cappola, P.W. Ladenson, Hypothyroidism and atherosclerosis. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 88, 2438–2444 (2003)CrossRefPubMed
6.
Zurück zum Zitat N. Rodondi, A.B. Newman, E. Vittinghoff, N. de Rekeneire, S. Satterfield, T.B. Harris, D.C. Bauer, Subclinical hypothyroidism and the risk of the heart failure, other cardiovascular events, and death. Arch. Intern. Med. 165, 2460–2466 (2005)CrossRefPubMed N. Rodondi, A.B. Newman, E. Vittinghoff, N. de Rekeneire, S. Satterfield, T.B. Harris, D.C. Bauer, Subclinical hypothyroidism and the risk of the heart failure, other cardiovascular events, and death. Arch. Intern. Med. 165, 2460–2466 (2005)CrossRefPubMed
7.
Zurück zum Zitat J. Jonklaas, A.C. Bianco, A.J. Bauer, K.D. Burman, A.R. Cappola, F.S. Celi, D.S. Cooper, B.W. Kim, R.P. Peeters, M.S. Rosenthal, A.M. Sawka, Guidelines for the treatment of hypothyroidism. Thyroid 24, 1670–1752 (2014)CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral J. Jonklaas, A.C. Bianco, A.J. Bauer, K.D. Burman, A.R. Cappola, F.S. Celi, D.S. Cooper, B.W. Kim, R.P. Peeters, M.S. Rosenthal, A.M. Sawka, Guidelines for the treatment of hypothyroidism. Thyroid 24, 1670–1752 (2014)CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
8.
Zurück zum Zitat K.W. Wenzel, H.E. Kirschsieper, Aspects of the absorption of oral l-thyroxine in normal man. Metabolism 26, 1–8 (1977)CrossRefPubMed K.W. Wenzel, H.E. Kirschsieper, Aspects of the absorption of oral l-thyroxine in normal man. Metabolism 26, 1–8 (1977)CrossRefPubMed
9.
Zurück zum Zitat C.L. Perez, F.S. Araki, H. Graf, G.A. de Carvalho, Serum thyrotrophin levels following levothyroxine administration at breakfast. Thyroid 23, 779–784 (2013)CrossRefPubMed C.L. Perez, F.S. Araki, H. Graf, G.A. de Carvalho, Serum thyrotrophin levels following levothyroxine administration at breakfast. Thyroid 23, 779–784 (2013)CrossRefPubMed
10.
Zurück zum Zitat G. Mazziotti, J. Bilezikian, E. Canalis, D. Cocchi, A. Giustina, New understanding and treatments of osteoporosis. Endocrine 41, 58–69 (2012)CrossRefPubMed G. Mazziotti, J. Bilezikian, E. Canalis, D. Cocchi, A. Giustina, New understanding and treatments of osteoporosis. Endocrine 41, 58–69 (2012)CrossRefPubMed
11.
Zurück zum Zitat S. Benvenga, L. Bartolone, S. Squadrito, F. Lo Giudice, F. Trimarchi, Delayed intestinal absorption of levothyroxine. Thyroid 5, 249–253 (1995)CrossRefPubMed S. Benvenga, L. Bartolone, S. Squadrito, F. Lo Giudice, F. Trimarchi, Delayed intestinal absorption of levothyroxine. Thyroid 5, 249–253 (1995)CrossRefPubMed
12.
Zurück zum Zitat M. Centanni, L. Gargano, G. Canettieri, N. Viceconti, A. Franchi, G. Delle Fave, B. Annibale, Thyroxine in goiter, Helicobacter pylori infection, and chronic gastritis. N. Engl. J. Med. 354, 1787–1795 (2006)CrossRefPubMed M. Centanni, L. Gargano, G. Canettieri, N. Viceconti, A. Franchi, G. Delle Fave, B. Annibale, Thyroxine in goiter, Helicobacter pylori infection, and chronic gastritis. N. Engl. J. Med. 354, 1787–1795 (2006)CrossRefPubMed
13.
Zurück zum Zitat M. Centanni, Thyroxine treatment: absorption, malabsorption, and novel therapeutic approaches. Endocrine 43, 8–9 (2013)CrossRefPubMed M. Centanni, Thyroxine treatment: absorption, malabsorption, and novel therapeutic approaches. Endocrine 43, 8–9 (2013)CrossRefPubMed
14.
Zurück zum Zitat C.S. Yue, C. Scarsi, M.P. Ducharme, Pharmacokinetics and potential advantages of a new oral solution of levothyroxine vs. other available dosage forms. Arzneimittelforschung 62, 631–636 (2012)CrossRefPubMed C.S. Yue, C. Scarsi, M.P. Ducharme, Pharmacokinetics and potential advantages of a new oral solution of levothyroxine vs. other available dosage forms. Arzneimittelforschung 62, 631–636 (2012)CrossRefPubMed
15.
Zurück zum Zitat P. Fallahi, S.M. Ferrari, A. Antonelli, Oral l-thyroxine liquid vs. tablet in patients with hypothyroidism without malabsorption. Endocrine (2015). doi:10.1007/s12020-015-0836-y P. Fallahi, S.M. Ferrari, A. Antonelli, Oral l-thyroxine liquid vs. tablet in patients with hypothyroidism without malabsorption. Endocrine (2015). doi:10.​1007/​s12020-015-0836-y
16.
Zurück zum Zitat H. Zhang, J. Zhang, J.B. Streisand, Oral mucosal delivery: clinical pharmacokinetics and therapeutic applications. Clin. Pharmacokinet. 41, 661–680 (2002)CrossRefPubMed H. Zhang, J. Zhang, J.B. Streisand, Oral mucosal delivery: clinical pharmacokinetics and therapeutic applications. Clin. Pharmacokinet. 41, 661–680 (2002)CrossRefPubMed
17.
Zurück zum Zitat S. Benvenga, L. Bartolone, M.A. Pappalardo, A. Russo, D. Lapa, G. Giorgianni, G. Saraceno, F. Trimarchi, Altered intestinal absorption of l-thyroxine caused by coffee. Thyroid 18, 293–301 (2008)CrossRefPubMed S. Benvenga, L. Bartolone, M.A. Pappalardo, A. Russo, D. Lapa, G. Giorgianni, G. Saraceno, F. Trimarchi, Altered intestinal absorption of l-thyroxine caused by coffee. Thyroid 18, 293–301 (2008)CrossRefPubMed
18.
Zurück zum Zitat R. Vita, G. Saraceno, F. Trimarchi, S. Benvenga, A novel formulation of l-thyroxine (L-T4) reduces the problem of L-T4 malabsorption by coffee observed with traditional tablet formulations. Endocrine 43, 154–160 (2013)CrossRefPubMed R. Vita, G. Saraceno, F. Trimarchi, S. Benvenga, A novel formulation of l-thyroxine (L-T4) reduces the problem of L-T4 malabsorption by coffee observed with traditional tablet formulations. Endocrine 43, 154–160 (2013)CrossRefPubMed
19.
Zurück zum Zitat S. Morelli, G. Reboldi, S. Moretti, E. Menicali, N. Avenia, E. Puxeddu, Timing of breakfast does not influence therapeutic efficacy of liquid levothyroxine formulation. Endocrine (2015). doi:10.1007/s12020-015-0788-2 S. Morelli, G. Reboldi, S. Moretti, E. Menicali, N. Avenia, E. Puxeddu, Timing of breakfast does not influence therapeutic efficacy of liquid levothyroxine formulation. Endocrine (2015). doi:10.​1007/​s12020-015-0788-2
20.
Zurück zum Zitat C. Cappelli, I. Pirola, L. Daffini, A. Formenti, C. Iacobello, A. Cristiano, E. Gandossi, E. Agabiti Rosei, M. Castellano, A double-blind placebo-controlled trial of liquid thyroxine Ingested at breakfast: results of the TICO study. Thyroid (2015). doi:10.1089/thy.2015.0422 PubMed C. Cappelli, I. Pirola, L. Daffini, A. Formenti, C. Iacobello, A. Cristiano, E. Gandossi, E. Agabiti Rosei, M. Castellano, A double-blind placebo-controlled trial of liquid thyroxine Ingested at breakfast: results of the TICO study. Thyroid (2015). doi:10.​1089/​thy.​2015.​0422 PubMed
21.
Zurück zum Zitat T. Watt, J.B. Bjoner, M. Groenvold, P. Cramon, K.H. Winther, L. Hegedüs, S.J. Bonnema, A.K. Rasmussen, J.E. Ware Jr, U. Feldt-Rasmussen, Development of short version of the thyroid-related patient-reported outcome ThyPRO. Thyroid 25, 1069–1079 (2015)CrossRefPubMed T. Watt, J.B. Bjoner, M. Groenvold, P. Cramon, K.H. Winther, L. Hegedüs, S.J. Bonnema, A.K. Rasmussen, J.E. Ware Jr, U. Feldt-Rasmussen, Development of short version of the thyroid-related patient-reported outcome ThyPRO. Thyroid 25, 1069–1079 (2015)CrossRefPubMed
22.
Zurück zum Zitat C.T. Sawin, A. Geller, P.A. Wolf, A.J. Belanger, E. Baker, P. Bacharach, P.W. Wilson, E.J. Benjamin, R.B. D’Agostino, Low serum thyrotropin concentration as a risk factor for atrial fibrillation in older persons. N. Engl. J. Med. 331, 1249–1252 (1994)CrossRefPubMed C.T. Sawin, A. Geller, P.A. Wolf, A.J. Belanger, E. Baker, P. Bacharach, P.W. Wilson, E.J. Benjamin, R.B. D’Agostino, Low serum thyrotropin concentration as a risk factor for atrial fibrillation in older persons. N. Engl. J. Med. 331, 1249–1252 (1994)CrossRefPubMed
23.
Zurück zum Zitat D.C. Bauer, B. Ettinger, M.C. Nevitt, K.L. Stone, Risk for fracture in women with low serum levels of thyroid stimulating hormone. Ann. Intern. Med. 134, 561–568 (2001)CrossRefPubMed D.C. Bauer, B. Ettinger, M.C. Nevitt, K.L. Stone, Risk for fracture in women with low serum levels of thyroid stimulating hormone. Ann. Intern. Med. 134, 561–568 (2001)CrossRefPubMed
24.
Zurück zum Zitat G. Mazziotti, T. Porcelli, I. Patelli, P.P. Vescovi, A. Giustina, Serum TSH values and risk of vertebral fractures in euthyroid post-menopausal women with low bone mineral density. Bone 46, 747–751 (2010)CrossRefPubMed G. Mazziotti, T. Porcelli, I. Patelli, P.P. Vescovi, A. Giustina, Serum TSH values and risk of vertebral fractures in euthyroid post-menopausal women with low bone mineral density. Bone 46, 747–751 (2010)CrossRefPubMed
25.
Zurück zum Zitat U.M. Kabadi, Variability of l-thyroxine replacement dose in elderly patients with primary hypothyroidism. J. Fam. Pract. 24, 473–477 (1987)PubMed U.M. Kabadi, Variability of l-thyroxine replacement dose in elderly patients with primary hypothyroidism. J. Fam. Pract. 24, 473–477 (1987)PubMed
26.
Zurück zum Zitat G. Mazziotti, M. Mormando, A. Cristiano, A. Bianchi, T. Porcelli, A. Giampietro, A.F. Maffezzoni, V. Serra, L. De Marinis, A. Giustina, Association between l-thyroxine treatment, GH deficiency, and radiological vertebral fractures in patients with adult-onset hypopituitarism. Eur. J. Endocrinol. 170, 893–899 (2014)CrossRefPubMed G. Mazziotti, M. Mormando, A. Cristiano, A. Bianchi, T. Porcelli, A. Giampietro, A.F. Maffezzoni, V. Serra, L. De Marinis, A. Giustina, Association between l-thyroxine treatment, GH deficiency, and radiological vertebral fractures in patients with adult-onset hypopituitarism. Eur. J. Endocrinol. 170, 893–899 (2014)CrossRefPubMed
27.
Zurück zum Zitat A.M. Formenti, L. Daffini, I. Pirola, E. Gandossi, A. Cristiano, C. Cappelli, Liquid levothyroxine and its potential use. Hormones 14, 183–189 (2015)CrossRefPubMed A.M. Formenti, L. Daffini, I. Pirola, E. Gandossi, A. Cristiano, C. Cappelli, Liquid levothyroxine and its potential use. Hormones 14, 183–189 (2015)CrossRefPubMed
Metadaten
Titel
Treatment of hypothyroidism: all that glitters is gold?
verfasst von
Anna Maria Formenti
Gherardo Mazziotti
Raffaele Giubbini
Andrea Giustina
Publikationsdatum
29.02.2016
Verlag
Springer US
Erschienen in
Endocrine / Ausgabe 3/2016
Print ISSN: 1355-008X
Elektronische ISSN: 1559-0100
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s12020-016-0882-0

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 3/2016

Endocrine 3/2016 Zur Ausgabe

Leitlinien kompakt für die Innere Medizin

Mit medbee Pocketcards sicher entscheiden.

Seit 2022 gehört die medbee GmbH zum Springer Medizin Verlag

Update Innere Medizin

Bestellen Sie unseren Fach-Newsletter und bleiben Sie gut informiert.