nach oben

Environmental Health and Preventive Medicine

Erschienen in:

01.07.2012 | Regular Article

Presence of an interaction between smoking and being overweight increases risks of hypertension, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease in outpatients with mood disorders

verfasst von: Midori Nishiyama, Michio Kimijima, Takashi Muto, Kazumoto Kimura

Erschienen in: Environmental Health and Preventive Medicine | Ausgabe 4/2012

Einloggen, um Zugang zu erhalten

Abstract

Objective

We aimed to evaluate the hypothesis that the presence of an interaction between smoking and being overweight increases the risks of lifestyle-related diseases (hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, and cardiovascular disease) in outpatients with mood disorders.

Methods

In this cross-sectional survey, using data from 213 outpatients with mood disorders (95 men, 118 women), we calculated the adjusted odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for each of hypertension, diabetes, dyslipedemia, and cardiovascular disease, using a binary logistic regression model; we then calculated the adjusted OR values for smokers and non-smokers with body mass indexes (BMIs) of <25 or ≥25 kg/m². Next, we examined the data for the presence of an interaction between smoking and being overweight, using three measures of additive interaction: relative excess risk due to the interaction (RERI), attributable proportion due to the interaction (AP), and the synergy index (S).

Results

Smokers with BMI <25 kg/m² had a significantly lower risk of hypertension (OR 0.27, 95% CI 0.09–0.81) than non-smokers with BMI <25 kg/m² (reference group). Compared with the reference group, overweight non-smokers had a significantly higher risk (2.82, 1.34–6.19) of hypertension, and overweight smokers had a higher risk (4.43, 1.28–15.26) of hypertension and very high risks of diabetes (8.24, 2.47–27.42) and cardiovascular disease (13.12, 1.95–88.41). The highest RERI was derived from the relation with cardiovascular disease. The highest AP and S were derived from the relation with type 2 diabetes. There was no interaction of smoking and being overweight with dyslipidemia.

Conclusion

The presence of an interaction between smoking and being overweight exacerbates the risks of hypertension, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease in outpatients with mood disorders.

Harris EC, Barraclough B. Excess mortality of mental disorder. Br J Psychiatry. 1998;173:11–53.PubMedCrossRef

Angst F, Strassen HH, Clayton PJ, Angst J. Mortality of patients with mood disorders: follow-up over 34–38 years. J Affect Disord. 2002;68:167–81.PubMedCrossRef

Newcomer JW. Medical risk in patients with bipolar disorder and schizophrenia. J Clin Psychiatry. 2006;67:25–30.PubMedCrossRef

De Hert M, Dekker JM, Wood D, Kahl KG, Holt RIG, Möller HJ. Cardiovascular disease and diabetes in people with severe mental illness: position statement from the European Psychiatric Association (EPA), supported by the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD) and the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). Eur Psychiatry. 2009;24:412–24.PubMedCrossRef

Osby U, Brandt L, Correia N, Ekbom A, Sparén P. Excess mortality in bipolar and unipolar disorder in Sweden. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2001;58:844–50.PubMedCrossRef

Barth J, Schumacher M, Herrmann-Lingen C. Depression as a risk factor for mortality in patients with coronary heart disease: a meta-analysis. Psychosom Med. 2004;66:802–13.PubMedCrossRef

van Melle JP, de Jonge P, Spijkerman TA, Tijssen JG, Ormel J, van Veldhuisen DJ, et al. Prognostic association of depression following myocardial infarction with mortality and cardiovascular events: meta-analysis. Psychosom Med. 2004;66:814–22.PubMedCrossRef

Goldstein BI, Fagioline A, Houck P, Kupfer DJ. Cardiovascular disease and hypertension among adults with bipolar I disorder in the United States. Bipolar Disord. 2009;11:657–62.PubMedCrossRef

Cassidy F, Ahearn E, Carroll BJ. Elevated frequency of diabetes mellitus in hospitalized manic-depressive patients. Am J Psychiatry. 1999;156:1417–20.PubMed

10.

Fagiolini A, Frank E, Scott JA, Turkin S, Kupfer DJ. Metabolic syndrome in bipolar disorder: findings from the Bipolar Disorder Center for Pennsylvanians. Bipolar Disord. 2005;7:424–30.PubMedCrossRef

11.

Nakao M, Yano E. Relationship between major depression and high serum cholesterol in Japanese men. Tohoku J Exp Med. 2004;204:273–87.PubMedCrossRef

12.

Nakao M, Ando K, Momura S, Kuboki T, Uehara Y, Toyooka T, et al. Depressive mood accompanies hypercholesterolemia in young Japanese adults. Jpn Heart J. 2001;42:739–48.PubMedCrossRef

13.

Takeuchi T, Nakao M, Nomura K, Yano E. Association of metabolic syndrome with depression and anxiety in Japanese men. Diabetes Metab. 2009;35:32–6.PubMedCrossRef

14.

Shiotani I, Sato H, Nakatani D, Mizuno H, Ohnishi Y, Hishida E, et al. Depression symptoms predict 12-month prognosis in elderly patients with acute myocardial infarction. J Cardiovasc Risk. 2002;9:153–60.PubMedCrossRef

15.

Kilian R, Becker T, Krüger K, Schmid S, Frasch K. Health behavior in psychiatric in-patients compared with a German general population sample. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 2006;114:242–8.PubMedCrossRef

16.

Chuang HT, Mansell C, Patten SB. Lifestyle characteristics of psychiatric out patients. Can J Psychiatry. 2008;53:260–6.PubMed

17.

Vanable PA, Carey MP, Carey KB, Carey KB, Maisto SA. Smoking among psychiatric outpatients: relationship to substance use, diagnosis and illness severity. Psychol Addict Behav. 2003;17:259–65.PubMedCrossRef

18.

Diaz FJ, James D, Botts S, Maw L, Susce MT, de Leon J. Tobacco smoking behaviors in bipolar disorder; a comparison of the general population, schizophrenia, and major depression. Bipolar Disord. 2009;11:154–65.PubMedCrossRef

19.

de Mutsert R, Jager KJ, Zoccali C, Dekker FW. The effect of joint exposures: examining the presence of interaction. Kidney Int. 2009;75(7):677–81.PubMedCrossRef

20.

Akbartabartoori M, Lean ME, Hankey CR. Smoking combined with overweight or obesity markedly elevates cardiovascular factors. Eur J Cardiovasc Prev Rehabil. 2006;13:938–46.PubMedCrossRef

21.

Kimijima M, Nishiyama M, Muto T. The combination of smoking and overweight is associated with dyslipidemia among inpatients and hypertension among outpatients with schizophrenia. Dokkyo J Med Sci. 2011;38:1–8.

22.

World Health Organization, International Society of Hypertension Writing. 2003 World Health Organization (WHO)/ International Society of Hypertension (ISH) statement on management of hypertension. J Hypertens 2003;21:1983–92.

23.

Japanese Diabetes Society. The report by committee for clinical criteria of diabetes. Diabetes Mellitus. 1999;42(5):385. (in Japanese).

24.

Teramoto T, Sasaki J, Ueshima H, Egusa G, Kinoshita M, Shimamoto K et al. Diagnostic criteria for dyslipedemia—executive summary of Japan Atherosclerosis Society (JAS) guideline for diagnosis and prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases for Japanese. J Atheroscler Thromb 2007;14:155–8.

25.

World Health Organization (WHO). International statistical classification of disease and related health problems. 10th revision, version for 2007, ICD 10 online: http://www.who.int/ classifications/apps/icd/.

26.

Ministry of Health, Labour, and Welfare of Japan. Outline of first longitudinal survey of middle and elderly persons. J Health Welf Stat. 2007;54(4):41–9. (in Japanese).

27.

Katon WJ. Epidemiology and treatment of depression in patients with chronic medical illness. Dialogues Clin Neurosci. 2011;13(1):7–23.PubMed

28.

Nagata A, Watanabe K. The association of lifestyle-related diseases and depressive disorders. J Adult Dis. 2010;40:1122–6. (in Japanese).

29.

Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare of Japan. The National Health and Nutrition Survey in Japan 2007. Tokyo: Daiichi Shuppan; 2009. (in Japanese).

30.

Kawai A, Abe H. The smoking situation of patients and staff in a psychiatry hospital. The smoking issue in psychiatry can be considered a neglected problem. Nippon Koshu Eisei Zasshi. 2007;54:626–32. (in Japanese).PubMed

31.

Fujiwara H, The Japanese Circulation Society. Anti-smoking declaration—a message from the Japanese Circulation Society. Circ J. 2003;67:1–2.PubMedCrossRef

32.

Katano S, Nakamura Y, Nakamura A, Murakami Y, Tanaka T, Nakagawa H, et al. Relationship among physical activity, smoking, drinking and clustering of the metabolic syndrome diagnostic components. J Atheroscler Thromb. 2010;17:644–50.PubMedCrossRef

33.

Vogelzangs N, Seldenrijk A, Beekman ATF, van Hout HPJ, de Jonge P, Penninx BWJH. Cardiovascular disease in persons with depressive and anxiety disorders. J Affect Disord. 2010;125:241–8.PubMedCrossRef

34.

Pepino MY, Finkbeiner S, Mennella JA. Similarities in food cravings and mood states between obese women and women who smoke tobacco. Obesity. 2009;17:1158–63.PubMed

35.

Boettger S, Wetzig F, Puta C, Donath L, Müller HJ, Gabriel HH, Bär KJ. Physical fitness and heart rate recovery are decreased in major depressive disorder. Psychosom Med. 2009;71:519–23.PubMedCrossRef

36.

Ng F, Dodd S, Berk M. The effects of physical activity in the acute treatment of bipolar disorder: a pilot study. J Affect Disord. 2007;101:259–62.PubMedCrossRef

37.

Faulkner G, Taylor A, Munro S, Selby P, Gee C. The acceptability of physical activity programming within a smoking cessation service for individuals with severe mental illness. Patient Educ Couns. 2007;66:123–6.PubMedCrossRef

38.

Cosci F, Schruers KRJ, Pistelli F, Griez EJ. Negative affectivity in smokers applying to smoking cessation clinics: a case–control study. Depress Anxiety. 2009;26:824–30.PubMedCrossRef

Titel: Presence of an interaction between smoking and being overweight increases risks of hypertension, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease in outpatients with mood disorders
verfasst von: Midori Nishiyama
Michio Kimijima
Takashi Muto
Kazumoto Kimura
Publikationsdatum: 01.07.2012
Verlag: Springer Japan
Erschienen in: Environmental Health and Preventive Medicine / Ausgabe 4/2012
Print ISSN: 1342-078X
Elektronische ISSN: 1347-4715
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12199-011-0250-x

Springer Medizin

Abstract

Objective

Methods

Results

Conclusion

Bitte loggen Sie sich ein, um Zugang zu diesem Inhalt zu erhalten

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 4/2012

Preliminary assessment of ecological exposure of adult residents in Fukushima Prefecture to radioactive cesium through ingestion and inhalation

Translocation of particles deposited in the respiratory system: a systematic review and statistical analysis

No dose–no poison

Effectiveness of diet versus exercise intervention on weight reduction in local Japanese residents

Disparity in disaster preparedness among rheumatoid arthritis patients with various general health, functional, and disability conditions

Effect of cigarette smoking on paraoxonase 1 activity according to PON1 L55M and PON1 Q192R gene polymorphisms