Association of genetic variants of xenobiotic and estrogen metabolism pathway (CYP1A1 and CYP1B1) with gallbladder cancer susceptibility

Gallbladder carcinoma is a highly aggressive cancer with female predominance. Interindividual differences in the effectiveness of the activation/detoxification of environmental carcinogens and endogenous estrogens may play a crucial role in cancer susceptibility. The present study included 410 patients with carcinoma of the gallbladder (GBC) and 230 healthy subjects. This study examined association of CYP1A1-MspI, CYP1A1-Ile462Val, and CYP1B1-Val432Leu with GBC susceptibility. CYP1A1-MspI [CC] and CYP1A1-Ile462Val [iso/val] genotypes were found to be significantly associated with GBC (p = 0.006 and p = 0.03, respectively), as compared to healthy controls, while CYP1B1-Val432Leu was not associated with GBC. The CYP1A1 haplotype [C-val] showed a significant association with GBC (p = 0.006). On stratification based on gender, the CYP1A1-MspI [CC] genotype showed an increased risk of GBC in females (p = 0.018). In case-only analysis, tobacco users with CYP1A1-MspI [CT] genotypes were at a higher risk of GBC (p = 0.008). Subdividing the GBC patients on the basis of gallstone status, the CYP1A1 haplotype [C-val] imparted a higher risk in patients without stones when compared to controls (p = 0.001). The results remained significant even after applying Bonferroni correction. Multivariate analysis revealed an increased risk of CYP1A1 iso/val and val/val genotypes in GBC patients having BMI >25 (p = 0.021). The CYP1A1 polymorphisms may confer increased risk of GBC, probably due to impaired xenobiotic or hormone metabolism through a gallstone-independent pathway.