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Erschienen in:
03.02.2016 | Original Article
Smoking status is associated with mild cognitive impairment assessed with the mini-mental state examination in Japanese diabetic patients
Erschienen in: Diabetology International | Ausgabe 4/2016
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Aims
We assessed the association between smoking status and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in Japanese diabetic patients.
Methods
This cross-sectional study included 323 diabetic patients, aged 40–79 years, who were referred to an outpatient diabetic clinic between January and July 2013 at Shiga University of Medical Science Hospital (Otsu, Japan). Cognitive function was assessed using the mini-mental state examination (MMSE), and patients were classified into two categories: normal cognitive function (MMSE score ≥27) and MCI (MMSE score 22–26). Logistic regression analysis was used to estimate the multivariable-adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95 % confidence intervals (CIs) for MCI in current smokers and ex-smokers compared with never-smokers.
Results
Of the 323 patients, 55 (17.0 %), 134 (41.5 %), and 134 (41.5 %) were current smokers, ex-smokers, and never-smokers, respectively. Of these, 68 (21.0 %) patients had MCI. After adjusting for age, sex, systolic blood pressure, body mass index, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, estimated glomerular filtration rate, hemoglobin A1c, insulin therapy, sulfonylurea, history of coronary heart disease, exercise habit, drinking status, and education, the OR for MCI was 3.62 (95 % CI 1.26–10.40) in current smokers compared with never-smokers. In addition, the multivariable-adjusted ORs for MCI were 3.02 (95 % CI 0.64–14.32) in current smokers <30.0 pack-years and 4.90 (95 % CI 1.32–18.16) in current smokers ≥30.0 pack-years, compared with never-smokers (p for trend = 0.017).
Conclusions
Current smoking, especially current smoking for which cumulative lifetime exposure was high, was associated with MCI, as assessed using the MMSE in Japanese diabetic patients.