nach oben

Erschienen in:

01.11.2013 | Review Article

The Effects of Fall-Risk-Increasing Drugs on Postural Control: A Literature Review

verfasst von: Maartje H. de Groot, Jos P. C. M. van Campen, Marije A. Moek, Linda R. Tulner, Jos H. Beijnen, Claudine J. C. Lamoth

Erschienen in: Drugs & Aging | Ausgabe 11/2013

Einloggen, um Zugang zu erhalten

Abstract

Meta-analyses showed that psychotropic drugs (antidepressants, neuroleptics, benzodiazepines, antiepileptic drugs) and some cardiac drugs (digoxin, type IA anti-arrhythmics, diuretics) are associated with increased fall risk. Because balance and gait disorders are the most consistent predictors of future falls, falls due to use of these so-called fall-risk-increasing drugs (FRIDs) might be partly caused by impairments of postural control that these drugs can induce. Therefore, the effects of FRIDs on postural control were examined by reviewing literature. Electronic databases and reference lists of identified papers were searched until June 2013. Only controlled research papers examining the effects of FRIDs on postural control were included. FRIDs were defined according to meta-analyses as antidepressants, neuroleptics, benzodiazepines, antiepileptic drugs, digoxin, type IA anti-arrhythmics, and diuretics. Ninety-four papers were included, of which study methods for quantifying postural control, and the effects of FRIDs on postural control were abstracted. Postural control was assessed with a variety of instruments, mainly evaluating aspects of body sway during quiet standing. In general, postural control was impaired, indicated by an increase in parameters quantifying body sway, when using psychotropic FRIDs. The effects were more pronounced when people were of a higher age, used psychotropics at higher daily doses, with longer half-lives, and administered for a longer period. From the present literature review, it can be concluded that psychotropic drugs cause impairments in postural control, which is probably one of the mediating factors for the increased fall risk these FRIDs are associated with. The sedative effects of these drugs on postural control are reversible, as was proven in intervention studies where FRIDs were withdrawn. The findings of the present literature review highlight the importance of using psychotropic drugs in the older population only at the lowest effective dose and for a limited period of time.

Ziere G, Dieleman JP, Hofman A, Pols HAP, Van der Cammen TJM, Stricker BHC. Polypharmacy and falls in the middle age and elderly population. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2006;61(2):218–23.PubMed

Beers MH, Baran RW, Frenia K. Drugs and the elderly, part 1: the problems facing managed care. Am J Manag Care. 2000;6(12):1313–20.PubMed

Aparasu RR, Mort JR, Brandt H. Psychotropic prescription use by community-dwelling elderly in the United States. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2003;51(5):671–7.PubMed

Hartikainen S, Rahkonen T, Kautiainen H, Sulkava R. Use of psychotropics among home-dwelling nondemented and demented elderly. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2003;18(9):1135–41.PubMed

Zuidema SU, De Jonghe JFM, Verhey FR, Koopmans TCM. Psychotropic drug prescription in nursing home patients with dementia: influence of environmental correlates and staff distress on physicians’ prescription behavior. Int Psychogeriatr. 2011;23(10):1632–9.PubMed

Bloch F, Thibaud M, Dugué B, Brèque C, Rigaud A-S, Kemoun G. Psychotropic drugs and falls in the elderly people: updated literature review and meta-analysis. J Aging Health. 2011;23(2):329–46.PubMed

Woolcott JC, Richardson KJ, Wiens MO, Patel B, Marin J, Khan KM, et al. Meta-analysis of the impact of 9 medication classes on falls in elderly persons. Arch Intern Med. 2009;169(21):1952–60.PubMed

Hartikainen S, Lönnroos E, Louhivuori K. Medication as a risk factor for falls: critical systematic review. J Gerontol Ser A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2007;62A(10):1172–81.

Leipzig RM, Cumming RG, Tinetti ME. Drugs and falls in older people: a systematic review and meta-analysis: I. Psychotropic drugs. J Am Geriatr Soc. 1999;47(1):30–9.PubMed

10.

Leipzig RM, Cumming RG, Tinetti ME. Drugs and falls in older people: a systematic review and meta-analysis: II. Cardiac and analgesic drugs. J Am Geriatr Soc. 1999;47(1):40–50.PubMed

11.

Van der Velde N, Stricker BHC, Pols HAP, Van der Cammen TJM. Risk of falls after withdrawal of fall-risk-increasing drugs: a prospective cohort study. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2007;63(2):232–7.PubMed

12.

Campbell AJ, Robertson MC, Gardner MM, Norton N, Buchner DM. Psychotropic medication withdrawal and a home-based exercise program to prevent falls, a RCT. J Am Geriatr Soc. 1999;47(7):850–3.PubMed

13.

Salonoja M, Salminen M, Vahlberg T, Aarnio P. Withdrawal of psychotropic drugs decreases the risk of falls requiring treatment. Arch Gerontol Geriatr. 2012;54(1):160–7.PubMed

14.

Hill KD, Wee R. Psychotropic drug-induced falls in older people: a review of interventions aimed at reducing the problem. Drugs Aging. 2012;29(1):15–30.PubMed

15.

Ganz DA, Bao Y, Shekelle PG, Rubenstein LZ. Will my patient fall? JAMA. 2007;297(1):77–86.PubMed

16.

Lord SR, Anstey KJ, Williams P, Ward JA. Psychoactive medication use, sensori-motor function and falls in older women. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 1995;39(3):227–34.PubMed

17.

Downs SH, Black N. The feasibility of creating a checklist for the assessment of the methodological quality both of randomised and non-randomised studies of health care interventions. J Epidemiol Community Health. 1998;52(6):377–84.PubMed

18.

Pollock AS, Durward BR, Rowe PJ, Paul JP. What is balance? Clin Rehabil. 2000;14(4):402–6.PubMed

19.

Lamoth CJC, Van Heuvelen MJG. Sports activities are reflected in the local stability and regularity of body sway: older ice-skaters have better postural control than inactive elderly. Gait Posture. 2012;35(3):489–93.PubMed

20.

Vuillerme N, Nafati G. How attentional focus on body sway affects postural control during quiet standing. Psychol Res. 2007;71(2):192–200.PubMed

21.

Lamoth CJC, Van Lummel RC, Beek PJ. Athletic skill level is reflected in body sway: a test case for accelometry in combination with stochastic dynamics. Gait Posture. 2009;29(4):546–51.PubMed

22.

Schmit JM, Regis DI, Riley MA. Dynamic patterns of postural sway in ballet dancers and track athletes. Exp Brain Res. 2005;163(3):370–8.PubMed

23.

Sturnieks DL, St George R, Lord SR. Balance disorders in the elderly. Clin Neurophysiol. 2008;36(6):467–78.

24.

Howe TE, Rochester L, Neil F, Skelton DA, Ballinger C. Exercise for improving balance in older people. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2011;11:CD004963.PubMed

25.

Schmit JM, Riley MA, Dalvi A, Sahay A, Shear PK, Shockley KD, et al. Deterministic center of pressure patterns characterize postural instability in Parkinson’s disease. Exp Brain Res. 2006;168(3):357–67.PubMed

26.

Houdijk H, Nooijen C, Rijntjes D, Tolsma M, Lamoth CJC, Ter Hoeve N. Energy expenditure of stroke patients during postural control tasks. Gait Posture. 2010;32(3):321–6.PubMed

27.

Menz HB, Lord SR, Fitzpatrick RC. Age-related differences in walking stability. Age Ageing. 2003;32(2):137–42.PubMed

28.

Podsiadlo D, Richardson S. The timed “Up & Go”: a test of basic functional mobility for frail elderly persons. J Am Geriatr Soc. 1991;39(2):142–8.PubMed

29.

Berg KO, Maki BE, Williams JI, Holliday PJ, Wood-Dauphinee SL. Clinical and laboratory measures of postural balance in an elderly population. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1992;73(11):1073–80.PubMed

30.

Tinetti ME. Performance-oriented assessment of mobility problems in elderly patients. J Am Geriatr Soc. 1986;34(2):119–26.PubMed

31.

Gil AWO, Oliveira MR, Coelho VA, Carvalho CE, Teixeira DC, Da Silva RA. Relationship between force platform and two functional tests for measuring balance in the elderly. Rev Bras Fisioter. 2011;15(6):429–35.PubMed

32.

Lamoth CJC, Van Deudekom FJ, Van Campen JPCM, Appels BA, De Vries OJ, Pijnappels M. Gait stability and variability measures show effects of impaired cognition and dual tasking in frail people. J NeuroEng Rehabil. 2011;8(1):2.PubMed

33.

Lamoth CJC, Ainsworth E, Polomski W, Houdijk H. Variability and stability analysis of walking of transfemoral amputees. Med Eng Phys. 2010;32(9):1009–14.PubMed

34.

IJmker T, Lamoth CJC. Gait and cognition: the relationship between gait stability and variability with executive function in persons with and without dementia. Gait Posture. 2012;35(1):126–30.PubMed

35.

Kinirons MT, Jackson SH, Kalra L, Trevit RT, Swift CG. Computerised psychomotor performance testing: a comparative study of the single dose pharmacodynamics of minaprine and amitriptyline in young and elderly subjects. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 1993;36(4):376–9.PubMed

36.

Legangneux E, McEwen J, Wesnes KA, Bergougnan L, Miget N, Canal M, et al. The acute effects of amisulpride (50 mg and 200 mg) and haloperidol (2 mg) on cognitive function in healthy elderly volunteers. J Psychopharmacol. 2000;14(2):164–71.PubMed

37.

Fagan D, Scott DB, Mitchell M, Tiplady B. Effects of remoxipride on measures of psychological performance in healthy volunteers. Psychopharmacology. 1991;105(2):225–9.PubMed

38.

Cohen AF, Ashby L, Crowley D, Land G, Peck AW, Miller AA. Lamotrigine (BW430C), a potential anticonvulsant: effects on the central nervous system in comparison with phenytoin and diazepam. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 1985;20(6):619–29.PubMed

39.

Swift CG, Ewen JM, Clarke P, Stevenson IH. Responsiveness to oral diazepam in the elderly: relationship to total and free plasma concentrations. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 1985;20(2):111–8.PubMed

40.

Swift CG, Swift MR, Ankier SI, Pidgen A, Robinson J. Single dose pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of oral loprazolam in the elderly. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 1985;20(2):119–28.PubMed

41.

Briggs RS, Castleden CM, Kraft CA. Improved hypnotic treatment using chlormethiazole and temazepam. Br Med J. 1980;280(6214):601–4.PubMed

42.

Swift CG, Haythorne JM, Clarke P, Stevenson IH. Cardiovascular, sedative and anticholinergic effects of amitriptyline and zimelidine in young and elderly volunteers. Acta Psychiatr Scand Suppl. 1981;290:425–32.PubMed

43.

Van Steveninck AL, Gieschke R, Schoemaker RC, Roncari G, Tuk B, Pieters MSM, et al. Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interactions of bretazenil and diazepam with alcohol. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 1996;41(6):565–73.PubMed

44.

Gerrard L, Wheeldon NM, McDevitt DG. Effect of combined atenolol and nifedipine administration on psychomotor performance in normal subjects. Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 1995;48(3–4):229–33.PubMed

45.

Gerrard L, Wheeldon NM, McDevitt DG. Central effects of combined bendrofluazide and atenolol administration: a single dose study in normal subjects. Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 1993;45(6):539–43.PubMed

46.

De Haas SL, Franson KL, Schmitt JAJ, Cohen AF, Fau JB, Dubruc C, et al. The pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic effects of SL65.1498, a GABA-A alpha2,3 selective agonist, in comparison with lorazepam in healthy volunteers. J Psychopharmacol. 2009;23(6):625–32.PubMed

47.

De Haas SL, De Visser SJ, Van der Post JP, Schoemaker RC, Van Dyck K, Murphy MG, et al. Pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic effects of MK-0343, a GABA(A) alpha2,3 subtype selective agonist, compared to lorazepam and placebo in healthy male volunteers. J Psychopharmacol. 2008;22(1):24–32.PubMed

48.

De Haas SL, De Visser SJ, Van der Post JP, De Smet M, Schoemaker RC, Rijnbeek B, et al. Pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic effects of TPA023, a GABA(A) alpha(2,3) subtype-selective agonist, compared to lorazepam and placebo in healthy volunteers. J Psychopharmacol. 2007;21(4):374–83.PubMed

49.

Swift CG, Haythorne JM, Clarke P, Stevenson IH. The effect of ageing on measured responses to single doses of oral temazepam. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 1981;11:413P–4P.

50.

Van der Post JP, Schram MT, Schoemaker RC, Pieters MSM, Fuseau E, Pereira A, et al. CNS effects of sumatriptan and rizatriptan in healthy female volunteers. Cephalalgia. 2002;22(4):271–81.PubMed

51.

De Haas SL, Schoemaker RC, Van Gerven JMA, Hoever P, Cohen AF, Dingemanse J. Pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and the pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic relationship of zolpidem in healthy subjects. J Psychopharmacol. 2010;24(11):1619–29.PubMed

52.

Hamilton MJ, Cohen AF, Yuen AW, Harkin N, Land G, Weatherley BC, et al. Carbamazepine and lamotrigine in healthy volunteers: relevance to early tolerance and clinical trial dosage. Epilepsia. 1993;34(1):166–73.PubMed

53.

Hockings N, Pall A, Moody J, Davidson AV, Davidson DL. The effects of age on carbamazepine pharmacokinetics and adverse effects. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 1986;22(6):725–8.PubMed

54.

Castleden CM, Allen JG, Altman J, St John-Smith P. A comparison of oral midazolam, nitrazepam and placebo in young and elderly subjects. Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 1987;32(3):253–7.PubMed

55.

Roth T, Piccione P, Salis P, Kramer M, Kaffeman M. Effects of temazepam, flurazepam and quinalbarbitone on sleep: psychomotor and cognitive function. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 1979;8:47S–54S.PubMed

56.

Mamelak M, Csima A, Buck L, Price V. A comparative study on the effects of brotizolam and flurazepam on sleep and performance in the elderly. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 1989;9(4):260–7.PubMed

57.

Liem-Moolenaar M, Te Beek ET, De Kam ML, Franson KL, Kahn RS, Hijman R, et al. Central nervous system effects of haloperidol on THC in healthy male volunteers. J Psychopharmacol. 2010;24(11):1697–708.PubMed

58.

Liem-Moolenaar M, Gray FA, De Visser SJ, Franson KL, Schoemaker RC, Schmitt JAJ, et al. Psychomotor and cognitive effects of a single oral dose of talnetant (SB223412) in healthy volunteers compared with placebo or haloperidol. J Psychopharmacol. 2010;24(1):73–82.PubMed

59.

Liem-Moolenaar M, Rad M, Zamuner S, Cohen AF, Lemme F, Franson KL, et al. Central nervous system effects of the interaction between risperidone (single dose) and the 5-HT6 antagonist SB742457 (repeated doses) in healthy men. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2011;71(6):907–16.PubMed

60.

Wildin JD, Pleuvry BJ, Mawer GE. Impairment of psychomotor function at modest plasma concentrations of carbamazepine after administration of the liquid suspension to naive subjects. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 1993;35(1):14–9.PubMed

61.

Cutson TM, Gray SL, Hughes MA, Carson SW, Hanlon JT. Effect of a single dose of diazepam on balance measures in older people. J Am Geriatr Soc. 1997;45(4):435–40.PubMed

62.

Robin DW, Hasan SS, Lichtenstein MJ, Shiavi RG, Wood AJJ. Dose-related effect of triazolam on postural sway. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 1991;49(5):581–8.PubMed

63.

Kinirons MT, Lang CC, He HB, Ghebreselasie K, Shay S, Robin DW, et al. Triazolam pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics in Caucasians and southern Asians: ethnicity and CYP3A activity. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 1996;41:69–72.PubMed

64.

Robin DW, Hasan SS, Edeki T, Lichtenstein MJ, Shiavi RG, Wood AJJ. Increased baseline sway contributes to increased losses of balance in older people following triazolam. J Am Geriatr Soc. 1996;44(3):300–4.PubMed

65.

Berlin I, Warot D, Hergueta T, Molinier P, Bagot C, Puech AJ. Comparison of the effects of zolpidem and triazolam on memory functions, psychomotor performances, and postural sway in healthy subjects. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 1993;13(2):100–6.PubMed

66.

Whitmore JN, Fischer JR, Barton EC, Storm WF. Performance following a sudden awakening from daytime nap induced by zaleplon. Aviat Space Environ Med. 2004;75(1):29–36.PubMed

67.

Linnoila M, Johnson J, Dubyoski K, Buchsbaum MS, Schneinin M, Kilts C. Effects of antidepressants on skilled performance. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 1984;18(Suppl. 1):109S–20S.PubMed

68.

Strömberg C, Mattila MJ. Acute and subacute effects on psychomotor performance of femoxetine alone and with alcohol. Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 1985;28(6):641–7.PubMed

69.

Mattila MJ, Vanakoski J, Mattila ME, Karonen S-L. Suriclone enhances the actions of chlorpromazine on human psychomotor performance but not on memory or plasma prolactin in healthy subjects. Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 1994;46:215–20.PubMed

70.

Mattila MJ, Vanakoski J, Kalska H, Seppälä T. Effects of alcohol, zolpidem, and some other sedatives and hypnotics on human performance and memory. Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 1998;59(4):917–23.PubMed

71.

Palva ES. Gender-related differences in diazepam effects on performance. Med Biol. 1985;63(2):92–5.PubMed

72.

Mattila MJ, Aranko K, Mattila ME, Strömberg C. Objective and subjective assessment of hangover during subacute administration of temazepam and nitrazepam to healthy subjects. Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 1984;26(3):375–80.PubMed

73.

Aranko K, Mattila MJ, Bordignon D. Psychomotor effects of alprazolam and diazepam during acute and subacute treatment, and during the follow-up phase. Acta Pharmacol et Toxicol. 1985;56(5):364–72.

74.

Vanakoski J, Seppälä T, Strömberg C, Näveri L, Hammett J, Ford N. Effects of ceronapril alone or in combination with alcohol on psychomotor performance in healthy volunteers: a placebo-controlled, crossover study. Curr Ther Res. 2001;62(10):699–708.

75.

Hege SG, Ellinwood EH, Wilson WH, Helligers CAM, Graham SM. Psychomotor effects of the anxiolytic abecarnil: a comparison with lorazepam. Psychopharmacology. 1997;131:101–7.PubMed

76.

McDevitt DG, Currie D, Nicholson AN, Wright NA, Zetlein MB. Central effects of the calcium antagonist, nifedipine. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 1991;32(5):541–9.PubMed

77.

McDevitt DG, Currie D, Nicholson AN, Wright NA, Zetlein MB. Central effects of the diuretic, bendrofluazide. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 1994;38(3):249–56.PubMed

78.

Nicholson AN, Wright NA, Zetlein MB, Currie D, McDevitt DG. Central effects of beta-adrenoceptor antagonists. II. Electroencephalogram and body sway. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 1988;26(2):129–41.PubMed

79.

Nicholson AN, Wright NA, Zetlein MB, Currie D, McDevitt DG. Central effects of the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, captopril. II. Electroencephalogram and body sway. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 1990;30(4):537–46.PubMed

80.

Kuitunen T, Mattila MJ, Seppälä T. Actions and interactions of hypnotics on human performance: single doses of zopiclone, triazolam, and alcohol. Int Clin Psychopharmacol. 1990;5(Suppl. 2):115–30.PubMed

81.

Kuitunen T, Matrila MJ, Seppälä T, Aranko K, Mattila ME. Actions of zopiclone and carbamazepine, alone and in combination, on human skilled performance in laboratory and clinical tests. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 1990;30(3):453–61.PubMed

82.

Jansen EC, Wachowiak-Andersen G, Münster-Swendsen J, Valentin N. Postural stability after oral premedication with diazepam. Anesthesiology. 1985;63(5):557–9.PubMed

83.

Zammit G, Wang-Weigand S, Peng X. Use of computerized dynamic posturography to assess balance in older adults after nighttime awakenings using zolpidem as a reference. BMC Geriatr. 2008;8:15.PubMed

84.

Delcker A, Wilhelm H, Timmann D, Diener HC. Side effects from increased doses of carbamazepine on neuropsychological and posturographic parameters of humans. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol. 1997;7(3):213–8.PubMed

85.

Gupta SK, Ellinwood EH, Nikaido AM, Heatherly DG. Simultaneous modeling of the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of benzodiazepines. I: Lorazepam. J Pharmacokinet Biopharm. 1990;18(2):89–102.PubMed

86.

Gupta SK, Ellinwood EH, Nikaido AM, Heatherly DG. Simultaneous modeling of the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of benzodiazepines. II. Triazolam. Pharm Res. 1990;7(6):570–6.PubMed

87.

Mattila MJ, Patat A, Seppälä T, Kalska H, Jalava ML, Vanakoski J, et al. Single oral doses of amisulpride do not enhance the effects of alcohol on the performance and memory of healthy subjects. Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 1996;51(2):161–6.PubMed

88.

Seppälä T, Nuotto E, Dreyfus JF. Drug-alcohol interactions on psychomotor skills: zopiclone and flunitrazepam. Pharmacology. 1983;27(Suppl. 2):127–35.PubMed

89.

Mattila MJ, Mattila ME, Olkkola KT, Scheinin H. Effect of dexmedetomidine and midazolam on human performance and mood. Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 1991;41(3):217–23.PubMed

90.

Rosenzweig P, Patat A, Zieleniuk I, Cimarosti I, Allain H, Gandon J-M. Cognitive performance in elderly subjects after a single dose of befloxatone, a new reversible selective monoamine oxidase A inhibitor. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 1998;64(2):211–22.PubMed

91.

Laghrissi-Thode F, Pollock BG, Miller MC, Mulsant BH, Altieri L, Finkel MS. Double-blind comparison of paroxetine and nortriptyline on the postural stability of late-life depressed patients. Psychopharmacol Bull. 1995;31(4):659–63.PubMed

92.

Mamo DC, Pollock BG, Mulsant B, Houck PR, Bensasi S, Miller MC, et al. Effects of nortriptyline and paroxetine on postural sway in depressed elderly patients. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2002;10(2):199–205.PubMed

93.

Laghrissi-Thode F, Pollock BG, Miller MC, Altieri L, Kupfer DJ. Comparative effects of sertraline and nortriptyline on body sway in older depressed patients. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry. 1995;3(3):217–28.

94.

Perault M-C, Bergougnan L, Paillat A, Zieleniuk I, Rosenzweig P. Lack of interaction between amisulpride and lorazepam on psychomotor performance and memory in healthy volunteers. Hum Psychopharmacol. 1998;13(7):493–500.

95.

Allain H, Tessier C, Bentué-Ferrer D, Tarral A, Le Breton S, Gandon J-M, et al. Effects of risperidone on psychometric and cognitive functions in healthy elderly volunteers. Psychopharmacology. 2003;165(4):419–29.PubMed

96.

Patat A, Perault M-C, Vandel B, Danjou P, Brohier S, Zieleniuk I, et al. Assessment of the interaction between a partial agonist and a full agonist of benzodiazepine receptors, based on psychomotor performance and memory, in healthy volunteers. J Psychopharmacol. 1995;9(2):91–101.PubMed

97.

Allain H, Bentué-Ferrer D, Tarral A, Gandon J-M. Effects on postural oscillation and memory functions of a single dose of zolpidem 5 mg, zopiclone 3.75 mg and lormetazepam 1 mg in elderly healthy subjects: a randomized, cross-over, double-blind study versus placebo. Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 2003;59(3):179–88.PubMed

98.

Boyle J, Wolford D, Gargano C, McCrea JB, Cummings C, Cerchio K, et al. Next-day residual effects of gaboxadol and flurazepam administered at bedtime: a randomized double-blind study in healthy elderly subjects. Hum Psychopharmacol. 2009;24(1):61–71.PubMed

99.

Allain H, Patat A, Lieury A, LeCoz F, Janus C, Menard G, et al. Comparative study of the effects of zopiclone (7.5 mg), zolpidem, flunitrazepam and a placebo on nocturnal cognitive performance in healthy subjects, in relation to pharmacokinetics. Eur Psychiatry. 1995;10(Suppl. 3):129s–35s.PubMed

100.

Patat A, Perault M-C, Vandel B, Ulliac N, Zieleniuk I, Rosenzweig P. Lack of interaction between a new antihistamine, mizolastine, and lorazepam on psychomotor performance and memory in healthy volunteers. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 1995;39(1):31–8.PubMed

101.

Norris V, Baisley KJ, Calder N, Van Troostenburg A-R, Warrington SJ. Assessment of the AccuSwayPLUS system in measuring the effect of lorazepam on body sway in healthy volunteers. Int J Pharm Med. 2005;19(4):233–8.

102.

Patat A, Alberini H, Bonhomme D, Soubrane C, Allain H, Gandon J-M. Effects of tiapride on electroencephalograms and cognitive functions in the elderly. Int Clin Psychopharmacol. 1999;14(4):199–208.PubMed

103.

Patat A, Molinier P, Hergueta T, Brohier S, Zieleniuk I, Danjou P, et al. Lack of amnestic, psychotomimetic or impairing effect on psychomotor performance of eliprodil, a new NMDA antagonist. Int Clin Psychopharmacol. 1994;9(3):155–62.PubMed

104.

Krupka E, Venisse N, Lafay C, Gendre D, Diquet B, Bouquet S, et al. Probe of CYP3A by a single-point blood measurement after oral administration of midazolam in healthy elderly volunteers. Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 2006;62(8):653–9.PubMed

105.

Boyle J, Danjou P, Alexander R, Calder N, Gargano C, Agrawal NGB, et al. Tolerability, pharmacokinetics and night-time effects on postural sway and critical flicker fusion of gaboxadol and zolpidem in elderly subjects. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2009;67(2):180–90.PubMed

106.

Patat A, Klein MJ, Hucher M, Granier J. Acute effects of amitriptyline on human performance and interactions with diazepam. Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 1988;35(6):585–92.PubMed

107.

Patat A, Foulhoux P. Effect on postural sway of various benzodiazepine tranquillizers. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 1985;20(1):9–16.PubMed

108.

Ghoneim MM, Mewaldt SP, Hinrichs JV. Dose-response analysis of the behavioral effects of diazepam: II. Psychomotor performance, cognition and mood. Psychopharmacology. 1984;82(4):296–300.PubMed

109.

Dorian P, Sellers EM, Reed KL, Warsh JJ, Hamilton C, Kaplan HL, et al. Amitriptyline and ethanol: pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interaction. Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 1983;25(3):325–31.PubMed

110.

Corbeil P, Rodrigue J, Simoneau M, Cohen H, Pourcher E. Influence of risperidone on balance control in young healthy individuals. Psychopharmacology. 2012;222(1):59–69.PubMed

111.

Nakamura M, Ishii M, Niwa Y, Yamazaki M, Ito H. Temporal changes in postural sway caused by ultrashort-acting hypnotics: triazolam and zolpidem. ORL J Oto-Rhino-Laryngol Relat Spec. 2005;67(2):106–12.

112.

Draganich LF, Zacny J, Klafta J, Karrison T. The effects of antidepressants on obstructed and unobstructed gait in healthy elderly people. J Gerontol Ser A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2001;56(1):M36–41.

113.

Paleacu D, Shutzman A, Giladi N, Herman T, Simon ES, Hausdorff JM. Effects of pharmacological therapy on gait and cognitive function in depressed patients. Clin Neuropharmacol. 2007;30(2):63–71.PubMed

114.

Hill SY, Goodwin DW, Reichman JB, Mendelson WB, Hopper S. A comparison of two benzodiazepine hypnotics administered with alcohol. J Clin Psychiatry. 1982;43(10):408–10.PubMed

115.

Campbell AJ, Somerton DT. Benzodiazepine drug effect on body sway in elderly subjects. J Clin Exp Gerontol. 1982;4(4):341–7.

116.

Tazaki T, Tada K, Nogami Y, Takemura N, Ishikawa K. Effects of butoctamide hydrogen succinate and nitrazepam on psychomotor function and EEG in healthy volunteers. Psychopharmacology. 1989;97(3):370–5.PubMed

117.

Tada K, Sato Y, Sakai T, Ueda N, Kasamo K, Kojima T. Effects of zopiclone, triazolam, and nitrazepam on standing steadiness. Neuropsychobiology. 1994;29(1):17–22.PubMed

118.

Muraoka M, Tada K, Nogami Y, Ishikawa K, Nagoya T. Residual effects of repeated administration of triazolam and nitrazepam in healthy volunteers. Pharmacopsychiatry. 1992;25(3):134–9.

119.

Noachtar S, Von Maydell B, Fuhry L, Büttner U. Gabapentin and carbamazepine affect eye movements and posture control differently: a placebo-controlled investigation of acute CNS side effects in healthy volunteers. Epilepsy Res. 1998;31(1):47–57.PubMed

120.

Hindmarch I. Some aspects of the effects of clobazam on human psychomotor performance. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 1979;7:77S–82S.PubMed

121.

Orr J, Dussault P, Chappel C, Goldberg L, Reggiani G. Relation between drug-induced central nervous system effects and plasma levels of diazepam in man. Mod Probl Pharmacopsychiatry. 1976;11:57–67.PubMed

122.

Nikaido AM, Ellinwood EH, Heatherly DG, Dubow D. Differential CNS effects of diazepam in elderly adults. Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 1987;27(2):273–81.PubMed

123.

Nikaido AM, Ellinwood EH. Comparison of the effects of quazepam and triazolam on cognitive-neuromotor performance. Psychopharmacology. 1987;92(4):459–64.PubMed

124.

Nikaido AM, Ellinwood EH, Heatherly DG, Gupta SK. Age-related increase in CNS sensitivity to benzodiazepines as assessed by task difficulty. Psychopharmacology. 1990;100(1):90–7.PubMed

125.

McClelland GR, Cooper SM, Pilgrim AJ. A comparison of the central nervous system effects of haloperidol, chlorpromazine and sulpiride in normal volunteers. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 1990;30(6):795–803.PubMed

126.

Beuzen JN, Taylor N, Wesnes K, Wood A. A comparison of the effects of olanzapine, haloperidol and placebo on cognitive and psychomotor functions in healthy elderly volunteers. J Psychopharmacol. 1999;13(2):152–8.PubMed

127.

Schuckit MA, Greenblatt D, Gold E, Irwin M. Reactions to ethanol and diazepam in healthy young men. J Stud Alcohol. 1991;52(2):180–7.PubMed

128.

Seppälä T, Aranko K, Mattila MJ, Shrotriya RC. Effects of alcohol on buspirone and lorazepam actions. Clin Pharm Ther. 1982;32(2):201–7.

129.

Van Vaerenbergh J, Broos P. Positive Romberg test and the probability of falls in the aged. Tijdschrift voor Gerontologie en Geriatrie. 1990;21(2):71–4.PubMed

130.

Wright B. A simple mechanical ataxia-meter. J Physiol. 1971;218(Suppl.):27P–8P.PubMed

131.

Piirtola M, Era P. Force platform measurements as predictors of falls among older people: a review. Gerontologia. 2006;52(1):1–16.

132.

Caron O, Gelat T, Rougier P, Blanchi JP. A comparative analysis of the center of gravity and center of pressure trajectory path lengths in standing posture: an estimation of active stiffness. J Appl Biomech. 2000;16(3):234–47.PubMed

133.

Thapa PB, Gideon P, Brockman KG, Fought RL, Ray WA. Clinical and biomechanical measures of balance as fall predictors in ambulatory nursing home residents. J Gerontol Ser A Biol Sci Med Sci. 1996;51(5):M239–46.

134.

Hausdorff JM, Rios DA, Edelberg HK. Gait variability and fall risk in community-living older adults: a 1-year prospective study. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2001;82(8):1050–6.PubMed

135.

Maki BE. Gait changes in older adults: predictors of falls or indicators of fear. J Am Geriatr Soc. 1997;45(3):313–20.PubMed

136.

Hausdorff JM, Edelberg HK, Cudkowicz ME, Singh MAF, Wei JY. The relationship between gait changes and falls. J Am Geriatr Soc. 1997;45(11):1406.PubMed

137.

Plotnik M, Giladi N, Balash Y, Peretz C, Hausdorff JM. Is freezing of gait in Parkinson’s disease related to asymmetric motor function? Ann Neurol. 2005;57(5):656–63.PubMed

138.

Glassman AH, Bigger JT. Cardiovascular effects of therapeutic doses of tricyclic antidepressants: a review. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1981;38(7):815–20.PubMed

139.

Pacher P, Kecskemeti V. Cardiovascular side effects of new antidepressants and antipsychotics: new drugs, old concerns? Curr Pharm Des. 2004;10(20):2463–75.PubMed

140.

Gill HS, DeVane CL, Risch SC. Extrapyramidal symptoms associated with cyclic antidepressant treatment: a review of the literature and consolidating hypotheses. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 1997;17(5):377–89.PubMed

141.

Liu B, Anderson G, Mittmann N, To T, Axcell T, Shear N. Use of selective serotonin-reuptake inhibitors or tricyclic antidepressants and risk of hip fractures in elderly people. Lancet. 1998;351(9112):1303–7.PubMed

142.

Thapa PB, Gideon P, Cost TW, Milam AB, Ray WA. Antidepressants and the risk of falls among nursing home residents. N Engl J Med. 1998;339(13):875–82.PubMed

143.

Tinetti ME. Clinical practice: preventing falls in elderly persons. N Engl J Med. 2003;348(1):42–9.PubMed

144.

Rubenstein LZ, Josephson KR. The epidemiology of falls and syncope. Clin Geriatr Med. 2002;18(2):141–58.PubMed

145.

Hausdorff JM, Yogev G, Springer S, Simon ES, Giladi N. Walking is more like catching than tapping: gait in the elderly as a complex cognitive task. Exp Brain Res. 2005;164(4):541–8.PubMed

146.

Jorm AF, Grayson D, Creasey H, Waite L, Broe GA. Long-term benzodiazepine use by elderly people living in the community. Aust N Z J Public Health. 2000;24(1):7–10.PubMed

147.

Voyer P, Préville M, Cohen D, Berbiche D, Béland S-G. The prevalence of benzodiazepine dependence among community-dwelling older adult users in Quebec according to typical and atypical criteria. Can J Aging. 2010;29(2):205–13.PubMed

148.

Conn DK, Madan R. Use of sleep-promoting medications in nursing home residents: risks versus benefits. Drugs Aging. 2006;23(4):271–87.PubMed

149.

Ray WA. Psychotropic drugs and injuries among the elderly: a review. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 1992;12(6):386–96.PubMed

150.

Barker MJ, Greenwood KM, Jackson M, Crowe SF. Cognitive effects of long-term benzodiazepine use. CNS Drugs. 2004;18(1):37–48.PubMed

151.

Madhusoodanan S, Bogunovic OJ. Safety of benzodiazepines in the geriatric population. Expert Opin Drug Saf. 2004;3(5):485–93.PubMed

152.

Vermeeren A. Residual effects of hypnotics: epidemiology and clinical implications. CNS Drugs. 2004;18(5):297–328.PubMed

153.

Cloyd JC, Lackner TE, Leppik IE. Antiepileptics in the elderly: pharmacoepidemiology and pharmacokinetics. Arch Fam Med. 1994;3(7):589–98.PubMed

154.

Garrard J, Cloyd JC, Gross C, Hardie N, Thomas L, Lackner TE, et al. Factors associated with antiepileptic drug use among elderly nursing home residents. J Gerontol Ser A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2000;55A(7):M384–92.

155.

Persson HBI, Alberts KA, Farahmand BY, Tomson T. Risk of extremity fractures in adult outpatients with epilepsy. Epilepsia. 2002;43(7):768–72.PubMed

156.

Mattson RH, Gidal BE. Fractures, epilepsy, and antiepileptic drugs. Epilepsy Behav. 2004;5(Suppl. 2):S36–40.PubMed

157.

Fife TD, Sirven J. Antiepileptic drugs and their impact on balance. Aging Health. 2005;1(1):147–55.

158.

Nakken KO, Taubøll E. Bone loss associated with use of antiepileptic drugs. Expert Opin Drug Saf. 2010;9(4):561–71.PubMed

159.

Aung K, Htay T. Thiazide diuretics and the risk of hip fracture. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2011;10:CD005185.PubMed

160.

Morton DJ, Barrett-Connor EL, Edelstein SL. Thiazides and bone mineral density in elderly men and women. Am J Epidemiol. 1994;139(11):1107–15.PubMed

161.

Van der Velde N, Stricker BHC, Pols HAP, Van der Cammen TJM. Withdrawal of fall-risk-increasing drugs in older persons: effect on mobility test outcomes. Drugs Aging. 2007;24(8):691–9.PubMed

162.

Tsunoda K, Uchida H, Suzuki T, Watanabe K, Yamashima T, Kashima H. Effects of discontinuing benzodiazepine-derivative hypnotics on postural sway and cognitive functions in the elderly. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2010;25(12):1259–65.PubMed

163.

Huang M-Y, Matsuura N, Kaneko Y, Ichinohe T. Midazolam increases bite force during intravenous sedation. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2012;70(8):e458–63.PubMed

164.

Alexander NB. Postural control in older adults. J Am Geriatr Soc. 1994;42(1):93–108.PubMed

165.

Gangavati A, Hajjar I, Quach L, Jones RN, Kiely DK, Gagnon P, et al. Hypertension, orthostatic hypotension, and the risk of falls in a community-dwelling elderly population: the maintenance of balance, independent living, intellect, and zest in the elderly of Boston study. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2011;59(3):383–9.PubMed

166.

Louter M, Tromp SC. Parkinsonism due to the medication. Nederlands Tijdschrift voor Geneeskunde. 2009;153:A336.PubMed

167.

Montero-Odasso M, Verghese J, Beauchet O, Hausdorff JM. Gait and cognition: a complementary approach to understanding brain function and the risk of falling. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2012;60(11):2127–36.PubMed

168.

Massion J. Postural control system. Curr Opin Neurobiol. 1994;4(6):877–87.PubMed

169.

Barker MJ, Greenwood KM, Jackson M, Crowe SF. Persistence of cognitive effects after withdrawal from long-term benzodiazepine use: a meta-analysis. Arch Clin Neuropsychol. 2004;19(3):437–54.PubMed

170.

Lader M, Tylee A, Donoghue J. Withdrawing benzodiazepines in primary care. CNS Drugs. 2009;23(1):19–34.PubMed

Titel: The Effects of Fall-Risk-Increasing Drugs on Postural Control: A Literature Review
verfasst von: Maartje H. de Groot
Jos P. C. M. van Campen
Marije A. Moek
Linda R. Tulner
Jos H. Beijnen
Claudine J. C. Lamoth
Publikationsdatum: 01.11.2013
Verlag: Springer International Publishing
Erschienen in: Drugs & Aging / Ausgabe 11/2013
Print ISSN: 1170-229X
Elektronische ISSN: 1179-1969
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40266-013-0113-9

Leitlinien kompakt für die Innere Medizin

Mit medbee Pocketcards sicher entscheiden.

^{Seit 2022 gehört die medbee GmbH zum Springer Medizin Verlag}

Kostenlos registrieren

Neu im Fachgebiet Innere Medizin

25.04.2024 | Hypotonie | Nachrichten

Update Innere Medizin

Bestellen Sie unseren Fach-Newsletter und bleiben Sie gut informiert.

Newsletter bestellen

Springer Medizin

The Effects of Fall-Risk-Increasing Drugs on Postural Control: A Literature Review

Abstract

Leitlinien kompakt für die Innere Medizin

Neu im Fachgebiet Innere Medizin

Niedriger diastolischer Blutdruck erhöht Risiko für schwere kardiovaskuläre Komplikationen

Therapiestart mit Blutdrucksenkern erhöht Frakturrisiko

Adjuvante Immuntherapie verlängert Leben bei RCC

Alectinib verbessert krankheitsfreies Überleben bei ALK-positivem NSCLC

Update Innere Medizin

Springer Medizin

Abstract

Bitte loggen Sie sich ein, um Zugang zu diesem Inhalt zu erhalten

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 11/2013

Management of Inflammatory Bowel Disease in the Elderly: Do Biologicals Offer A Better Alternative?

What Analgesics Do Older People Use Prior to Initiating Oxycodone for Non-Cancer Pain? A Retrospective Database Study

Anticholinergic Component of the Drug Burden Index and the Anticholinergic Drug Scale as Measures of Anticholinergic Exposure in Older People in New Zealand: A Population-Level Study

Rheumatoid Arthritis in the Elderly in the Era of Tight Control

Targeted Therapy for Advanced Hepatocellular Cancer in the Elderly: Focus on Sorafenib

A Comparison of Prescribing Criteria When Applied to Older Community-Based Patients

Leitlinien kompakt für die Innere Medizin

Neu im Fachgebiet Innere Medizin

Niedriger diastolischer Blutdruck erhöht Risiko für schwere kardiovaskuläre Komplikationen

Therapiestart mit Blutdrucksenkern erhöht Frakturrisiko

Adjuvante Immuntherapie verlängert Leben bei RCC

Alectinib verbessert krankheitsfreies Überleben bei ALK-positivem NSCLC

Update Innere Medizin