Background
Methods
Population and participants
Measurements
Successful aging
Socioeconomic factors, health-related practices, visual and hearing capacity, and psychosocial support
Frailty status and chronic illness and problems
Statistical analysis
Results
Not successfully aging | Successfully aging | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
(n = 809) | (n = 94) | ||||
Mean | SD | Mean | SD | p value | |
PF | 80.99 | 20.14 | 96.17 | 4.49 | <0.001 |
RP | 83.87 | 34.17 | 100.00 | 0.00 | <0.001 |
BP | 78.57 | 21.31 | 98.45 | 5.72 | <0.001 |
GH | 59.41 | 19.60 | 84.85 | 10.05 | <0.001 |
VT | 70.90 | 18.55 | 93.99 | 6.54 | <0.001 |
SF | 91.12 | 16.27 | 100.00 | 0.00 | <0.001 |
RE | 90.40 | 27.80 | 100.00 | 0.00 | <0.001 |
MH | 79.18 | 16.18 | 97.36 | 3.29 | <0.001 |
PCS | 47.50 | 8.07 | 55.32 | 1.41 | <0.001 |
MCS | 54.61 | 7.68 | 61.31 | 1.11 | <0.001 |
Variable | Total n | Successful aging | OR | 95% CI | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
n | % | ||||
Total | 903 | 94 | 10.4 |
-
|
-
|
Socio-demographic factors
| |||||
Age (years) | |||||
≤70 | 339 | 54 | 15.93 | 1.00 | |
71–75 | 226 | 14 | 6.19 |
0.35
|
(0.19, 0.64)
|
>75 | 338 | 26 | 7.69 |
0.44
|
(0.27, 0.72)
|
Gender | |||||
Men | 477 | 61 | 12.79 | 1.00 | |
Women | 426 | 33 | 7.75 |
0.57
|
(0.37, 0.89)
|
Education | |||||
Illiterate | 103 | 3 | 2.91 | 1.00 | |
≤6 years | 229 | 16 | 6.99 | 2.50 | (0.71, 8.79) |
7–12 years | 308 | 42 | 13.64 |
5.26
|
(1.60, 17.36)
|
≥ 13 years | 240 | 33 | 13.75 |
5.31
|
(1.59, 17.75)
|
Marital status | |||||
Current | 644 | 74 | 11.49 | 1.00 | |
Others | 256 | 20 | 7.81 | 0.65 | (0.39, 1.09) |
Money use | |||||
Enough | 210 | 32 | 15.24 | 1.00 | |
Just enough | 578 | 57 | 9.86 |
0.61
|
(0.38, 0.97)
|
Not enough | 111 | 5 | 4.50 |
0.26
|
(0.10, 0.69)
|
Visual and hearing capacity
| |||||
Visual capacity | |||||
Bad/blind | 245 | 10 | 4.08 | 1.00 | |
General | 410 | 42 | 10.24 |
2.68
|
(1.32, 5.45)
|
Good | 245 | 42 | 17.14 |
4.86
|
(2.38, 9.94)
|
Hearing capacity | |||||
Bad/deaf | 152 | 9 | 5.92 | 1.00 | |
General | 308 | 17 | 5.52 | 0.93 | (0.40, 2.13) |
Good | 443 | 68 | 15.35 |
2.88
|
(1.40, 5.93)
|
Health-related practices
| |||||
Regular exercise | |||||
No | 217 | 11 | 5.07 | 1.00 | |
Yes | 683 | 83 | 12.15 |
2.59
|
(1.35, 4.96)
|
Smoking | |||||
No | 711 | 74 | 10.41 | 1.00 | |
Current | 82 | 12 | 14.63 | 1.48 | (0.76, 2.85) |
Former | 110 | 8 | 7.27 | 0.68 | (0.32, 1.44) |
Drinking | |||||
No | 727 | 70 | 9.63 | 1.00 | |
Current | 121 | 17 | 14.05 | 1.53 | (0.87, 2.71) |
Former | 55 | 7 | 12.73 | 1.37 | (0.60, 3.14) |
Psychosocial support
| |||||
Someone is listening when you talk | |||||
No | 59 | 3 | 5.08 | 1.00 | |
Yes | 842 | 91 | 10.81 | 2.26 | (0.69, 7.37) |
You see relatives/friends when you want | |||||
No | 114 | 3 | 2.63 | 1.00 | |
Yes | 786 | 90 | 11.45 |
4.78
|
(1.49, 15.38)
|
Variable | Total n | Successful aging | OR | 95% CI | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
n | % | ||||
Hypertension | |||||
Yes | 474 | 37 | 7.81 | 1.00 | |
No | 420 | 57 | 13.57 |
1.85
|
(1.2, 2.87)
|
Diabetes mellitus | |||||
Yes | 154 | 12 | 7.79 | 1.00 | |
No | 740 | 81 | 10.95 | 1.45 | (0.77, 2.74) |
Heart disease | |||||
Yes | 264 | 13 | 4.92 | 1.00 | |
No | 639 | 81 | 12.68 |
2.80
|
(1.53, 5.13)
|
Hyperlipidemia | |||||
Yes | 226 | 21 | 9.29 | 1.00 | |
No | 662 | 73 | 11.03 | 1.21 | (0.73, 2.02) |
Gout | |||||
Yes | 110 | 7 | 6.36 | 1.00 | |
No | 781 | 87 | 11.14 | 1.84 | (0.83, 4.09) |
Hyperuricemia | |||||
Yes | 105 | 4 | 3.81 | 1.00 | |
No | 786 | 89 | 11.32 |
3.22
|
(1.16, 8.97)
|
Arthritis | |||||
Yes | 178 | 7 | 3.93 | 1.00 | |
No | 691 | 82 | 11.87 |
3.29
|
(1.49, 7.25)
|
Stroke | |||||
Yes | 48 | 0 | 0.00 | 1.00 | |
No | 837 | 94 | 11.23 | - | -- |
Cataract | |||||
Yes | 421 | 32 | 7.60 | 1.00 | |
No | 477 | 62 | 13.00 |
1.82
|
(1.16, 2.84)
|
Fall history | |||||
Yes | 702 | 87 | 12.39 | 1.00 | |
No | 188 | 7 | 3.72 |
3.65
|
(1.66, 8.04)
|
Pain problem | |||||
Yes | 471 | 19 | 4.03 | 1.00 | |
No | 401 | 74 | 18.45 |
5.38
|
(3.19, 9.09)
|
Sleep disorder | |||||
Yes | 394 | 22 | 5.58 | 1.00 | |
No | 497 | 71 | 14.29 |
2.82
|
(1.71, 4.64)
|
Frailty | |||||
Non-frail | 368 | 62 | 16.85 | 1.00 | |
Pre-fail | 428 | 31 | 7.24 |
0.39
|
(0.24, 0.61)
|
Frail | 107 | 1 | 0.93 |
0.05
|
(0.01, 0.34)
|
Model I | Model II | Model III | Model IV | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Variable | Effect | OR | 95% CI | OR | 95% CI | OR | 95% CI | OR | 95% CI | ||||
Age (years) | 71–75 vs ≤70 |
0.36
|
0.18
|
0.69
|
0.36
|
0.18
|
0.70
|
0.34
|
0.17
|
0.70
|
0.27
|
0.13
|
0.58
|
>75 vs ≤70 |
0.38
|
0.22
|
0.67
|
0.41
|
0.23
|
0.74
| 0.53 | 0.28 | 1.02 | 0.60 | 0.30 | 1.21 | |
Gender | Women vs Men | 0.64 | 0.39 | 1.08 | 0.79 | 0.46 | 1.36 | 0.88 | 0.50 | 1.56 | 1.08 | 0.58 | 2.00 |
Education | ≤6 years vs Illiterate | 1.49 | 0.41 | 5.41 | 1.07 | 0.28 | 4.03 | 0.99 | 0.26 | 3.88 | 1.03 | 0.25 | 4.27 |
7–12 years vs Illiterate | 2.87 | 0.84 | 9.79 | 1.91 | 0.54 | 6.75 | 1.93 | 0.53 | 7.03 | 1.61 | 0.42 | 6.22 | |
≥ 13 years vs Illiterate | 2.86 | 0.81 | 10.11 | 2.18 | 0.60 | 7.99 | 2.18 | 0.58 | 8.28 | 1.87 | 0.46 | 7.63 | |
Money use | Just enough vs Enough | 0.76 | 0.45 | 1.27 | 0.85 | 0.50 | 1.45 | 0.90 | 0.51 | 1.60 | 1.04 | 0.56 | 1.93 |
Not enough vs Enough |
0.35
|
0.12
|
0.97
| 0.40 | 0.14 | 1.14 | 0.39 | 0.13 | 1.16 | 0.54 | 0.17 | 1.75 | |
You see relatives/friends when you want | Yes vs No | 3.08 | 0.93 | 10.22 | 2.77 | 0.82 | 9.36 | 3.45 | 1.00 | 11.89 |
3.86
|
1.09
|
13.61
|
Visual capacity | General vs Bad/Blind |
2.32
|
1.04
|
5.18
| 2.07 | 0.90 | 4.73 | 1.36 | 0.57 | 3.27 | |||
Good vs Bad/Blind |
2.15
|
1.01
|
4.60
| 2.06 | 0.94 | 4.54 | 1.67 | 0.74 | 3.79 | ||||
Hearing capacity | General vs Bad/Deaf | 2.00 | 0.84 | 4.73 | 1.57 | 0.64 | 3.81 | 1.78 | 0.70 | 4.54 | |||
Good vs Bad/Deaf | 0.66 | 0.25 | 1.77 | 0.53 | 0.19 | 1.46 | 0.48 | 0.17 | 1.36 | ||||
Regular exercise | Yes vs No |
2.71
|
1.25
|
5.87
|
2.73
|
1.24
|
6.02
| 1.53 | 0.61 | 3.79 | |||
Hypertension | No vs Yes | 1.42 | 0.84 | 2.42 | 1.38 | 0.78 | 2.42 | ||||||
Heart disease | No vs Yes |
2.07
|
1.01
|
4.26
| 2.06 | 0.96 | 4.42 | ||||||
Hyperuricemia | No vs Yes | 3.16 | 0.92 | 10.87 | 3.19 | 0.89 | 11.49 | ||||||
Arthritis | No vs Yes |
2.47
|
1.06
|
5.80
| 1.82 | 0.74 | 4.45 | ||||||
Cataract | No vs Yes | 1.05 | 0.59 | 1.86 | 1.07 | 0.59 | 1.97 | ||||||
Fall history | No vs Yes |
4.08
|
1.55
|
10.72
|
4.95
|
1.79
|
13.74
| ||||||
Pain problem | No vs Yes |
4.04
|
2.18
|
7.50
| |||||||||
Sleep disorder | No vs Yes |
2.36
|
1.30
|
4.27
| |||||||||
Frailty | Pre-fail vs Non-frail |
0.45
|
0.24
|
0.84
| |||||||||
Frail vs Non-frail | 0.14 | 0.02 | 1.13 | ||||||||||
Adjusted McFadden’s R2
| 9.1% | 16.0% | 23.4% | 32.3% | |||||||||
Likelihood ratio test†
| - | p < 0.001 | p < 0.001 | p < 0.001 |