Background
Methods
Data
Sampling design
Variables used in the analyses
Statistical methods
Results
Age group: | 20-74 | 75-99 | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Gender: | Women | Men | All | Women | Men | All | ||||
Area | N*
| n†
| N*
| n†
| %‡
| N*
| n†
| N*
| n†
| %‡
|
Continental Finland | 1,824,368 | 1,943 | 1,805,153 | 2,057 | 0.1 | 257,680 | 638 | 145,886 | 362 | 0.2 |
Kainuu | ||||||||||
Kajaani area | 14,737 | 1,117 | 14,929 | 1,229 | 7.9 | 2,344 | 422 | 1,287 | 232 | 18.0 |
Kuhmo-Sotkamo | 6,665 | 1,015 | 7,261 | 1,206 | 15.9 | 1,254 | 469 | 827 | 310 | 37.4 |
Upper Kainuu | 4,903 | 916 | 5,560 | 1,177 | 20.0 | 1,141 | 555 | 725 | 352 | 48.6 |
Ostrobothnia | ||||||||||
Southern Oulu region | 16,629 | 1,074 | 17,654 | 1,236 | 6.7 | 2,769 | 428 | 1,695 | 262 | 15.5 |
Oulu region | 74,303 | 2,090 | 74,981 | 2,207 | 2.9 | 7,232 | 448 | 4,119 | 255 | 6.2 |
Turku | ||||||||||
Keskusta | 20,373 | 385 | 17,710 | 369 | 2.0 | 3,675 | 170 | 1,632 | 76 | 4.6 |
Hirvensalo-Kakskerta | 2,532 | 483 | 2,285 | 441 | 19.2 | 117 | 46 | 74 | 30 | 39.8 |
Skanssi-Uittamo | 8,591 | 380 | 7,291 | 352 | 4.6 | 1,615 | 176 | 843 | 92 | 10.9 |
Varissuo-Lauste | 6,680 | 438 | 6,027 | 416 | 6.7 | 676 | 98 | 328 | 48 | 14.5 |
Nummi-Halinen | 7,355 | 427 | 7,368 | 445 | 5.9 | 638 | 82 | 368 | 46 | 12.7 |
Runosmäki-Raunistula | 5,825 | 398 | 5,287 | 388 | 7.1 | 872 | 140 | 464 | 74 | 16.0 |
Länsikeskus | 7,111 | 386 | 6,562 | 386 | 5.6 | 1,150 | 150 | 602 | 78 | 13.0 |
Pansio-Jyrkkälä | 3,364 | 422 | 3,422 | 450 | 12.8 | 301 | 84 | 160 | 44 | 27.8 |
Maaria-Paattinen | 2,185 | 454 | 2,182 | 462 | 21.0 | 114 | 50 | 79 | 34 | 43.5 |
Women | Men | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Variable | Group | n*
| Participation (%)†
| n*
| Participation (%)†
|
Age | 20-24 | 1,063 | 40.4 | 1,158 | 22.5 |
25-34 | 2,208 | 43.9 | 2,486 | 27.0 | |
35-44 | 2,013 | 45.0 | 2,216 | 31.2 | |
45-54 | 2,435 | 53.7 | 2,720 | 39.5 | |
55-64 | 2,547 | 62.2 | 2,746 | 52.2 | |
65-74 | 1,662 | 67.1 | 1,495 | 60.4 | |
75-84 | 2,940 | 57.4 | 1,907 | 60.6 | |
85-99 | 1,016 | 43.2 | 388 | 43.8 | |
Area | Continental Finland | 2,581 | 51.6 | 2,419 | 39.7 |
Kainuu | |||||
Kajaani area | 1,539 | 56.5 | 1,461 | 46.0 | |
Kuhmo-Sotkamo | 1,484 | 57.2 | 1,516 | 45.3 | |
Upper Kainuu | 1,471 | 59.6 | 1,529 | 47.7 | |
Ostrobothnia | |||||
Southern Oulu region | 1,502 | 53.7 | 1,498 | 40.7 | |
Oulu region | 2,538 | 50.9 | 2,462 | 39.2 | |
Turku | |||||
Keskusta | 555 | 52.4 | 445 | 43.4 | |
Hirvensalo-Kakskerta | 529 | 45.0 | 471 | 37.2 | |
Skanssi-Uittamo | 556 | 55.8 | 444 | 48.0 | |
Varissuo-Lauste | 536 | 52.6 | 464 | 36.6 | |
Nummi-Halinen | 509 | 50.3 | 491 | 37.7 | |
Runosmäki-Raunistula | 538 | 53.5 | 462 | 43.3 | |
Länsikeskus | 536 | 55.2 | 464 | 47.2 | |
Pansio-Jyrkkälä | 506 | 42.5 | 494 | 36.0 | |
Maaria-Paattinen | 504 | 47.2 | 496 | 41.1 | |
Married | Unmarried | 8,729 | 49.8 | 7,256 | 32.9 |
Married | 7,155 | 57.2 | 7,860 | 50.6 | |
Language | Other | 535 | 47.9 | 473 | 40.4 |
Finnish | 15,349 | 53.3 | 14,643 | 42.1 | |
Education | Basic or unknown | 5,561 | 48.4 | 4,899 | 41.9 |
Vocational | 5,954 | 51.8 | 6,624 | 37.1 | |
Lowest academic | 1,843 | 62.8 | 1,275 | 56.2 | |
Lower academic | 1,332 | 57.7 | 1,223 | 47.4 | |
Higher academic | 1,085 | 61.8 | 930 | 50.0 | |
Researcher | 109 | 60.6 | 165 | 50.9 |
Model*
| BIC†
|
---|---|
Main effects + Gender*Age + Gender*Married | 40356 |
Main effects + Gender*Married | 40361 |
Main effects + Gender*Married + Gender*Education | 40365 |
Main effects + Age*Gender | 40367 |
Main effects + Gender*Married + Married*Language | 40369 |
Main effects + Gender*Married + Gender*Language | 40371 |
Main effects + Age*Gender + Married*Language | 40376 |
Main effects + Age*Gender + Gender*Language | 40377 |
Main effects | 40379 |
OR*
| (95% CI)†
| OR*
| (95% CI)†
| ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Intercept
| 0.64 | (0.53 - 0.77) |
Gender
| ||
Age group
| Men | 1.00 | |||
20-24 | 0.62 | (0.53 - 0.73) | Women | 1.90 | (1.67 - 2.15) |
25-34 | 0.62 | (0.55 - 0.7) |
Marriage status
| ||
35-44 | 0.69 | (0.61 - 0.78) | Not married | 1.00 | |
45-54 | 1.00 | Married | 1.53 | (1.43 - 1.65) | |
55-64 | 1.78 | (1.59 - 1.98) |
Language
| ||
65-74 | 2.73 | (2.38 - 3.12) | Other | 1.00 | |
75-84 | 3.02 | (2.66 - 3.43) | Finnish | 1.19 | (1.04 - 1.37) |
85-99 | 1.71 | (1.37 - 2.14) |
Education
| ||
Area
| Basic or unknown | 0.37 | (0.33 - 0.42) | ||
Continental Finland | 1.00 | Vocational | 0.59 | (0.54 - 0.66) | |
Kainuu | Lowest academic | 0.89 | (0.79 - 1.00) | ||
Kajaani area | 1.24 | (1.12 - 1.36) | Lower academic | 0.89 | (0.78 - 1.00) |
Kuhmo-Sotkamo | 1.19 | (1.08 - 1.31) | Higher academic | 1.00 | |
Upper Kainuu | 1.33 | (1.21 - 1.46) | Researcher | 0.87 | (0.67 - 1.14) |
Ostrobothnia | |||||
Southern Oulu region | 1.06 | (0.97 - 1.17) |
Interaction between age and gender
| ||
Oulu region | 0.99 | (0.92 - 1.08) | 20-24 Women | 1.22 | (0.98 - 1.53) |
Turku | 25-34 Women | 1.12 | (0.95 - 1.33) | ||
Keskusta | 1.15 | (1.00 - 1.33) | 35-44 Women | 0.99 | (0.84 - 1.17) |
Hirvensalo-Kakskerta | 0.75 | (0.65 - 0.87) | 45-54 Women | 1.00 | |
Skanssi-Uittamo | 1.22 | (1.06 - 1.41) | 55-64 Women | 0.92 | (0.78 - 1.08) |
Varissuo-Lauste | 1.03 | (0.89 - 1.19) | 65-74 Women | 0.88 | (0.73 - 1.06) |
Nummi-Halinen | 1.04 | (0.90 - 1.21) | 75-84 Women | 0.6 | (0.51 - 0.71) |
Runosmäki-Raunistula | 1.13 | (0.98 - 1.30) | 85-99 Women | 0.64 | (0.49 - 0.84) |
Länsikeskus | 1.18 | (1.03 - 1.37) |
Interaction between gender and marital status
| ||
Pansio-Jyrkkälä | 0.87 | (0.75 - 1.01) | Women Married | 0.79 | (0.72 - 0.87) |
Maaria-Paattinen | 1.06 | (0.92 - 1.22) |
True results | Reported by respondents in ATH | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Area | True*
| Self-reporting bias added#
| Crude†
| 95% CI§
| Weighted‡
| 95% CI§
| ||
Continental Finland | 61.3 | 70.7 | 78.2 | (76.5 | 80.0) | 72.9 | (70.6 | 75.1) |
Turku | 58.6 | 68.8 | 77.3 | (76.0 | 78.6) | 72.9 | (71.0 | 74.8) |
Kainuu | 53.7 | 65.2 | 71.9 | (70.6 | 73.3) | 68.5 | (66.9 | 70.1) |
Southern Oulu region | 63.5 | 72.4 | 78.0 | (75.8 | 80.3) | 73.5 | (70.8 | 76.1) |
Oulu region | 58.3 | 68.6 | 74.6 | (72.8 | 76.5) | 69.6 | (67.3 | 71.8) |
Area | Crude mean | (95% CI)*
| Weighted mean§
| (95% CI)*§
| Difference | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Continental Finland | 27.8 | 26.9 | 28.7 | 27.7 | 26.8 | 28.7 | −0.1 |
Kainuu, Kajaani area | 27.0 | 25.9 | 28.2 | 27.3 | 26.2 | 28.4 | 0.3 |
Kainuu, Kuhmo-Sotkamo | 28.0 | 26.8 | 29.2 | 28.1 | 26.9 | 29.3 | 0.1 |
Kainuu, Upper Kainuu | 26.3 | 25.4 | 27.3 | 26.2 | 25.2 | 27.1 | −0.1 |
Southern Oulu region | 27.1 | 25.9 | 28.2 | 27.0 | 25.8 | 28.2 | −0.1 |
Oulu region | 26.5 | 25.7 | 27.4 | 26.3 | 25.5 | 27.2 | −0.2 |
Turku | 27.6 | 26.9 | 28.4 | 27.0 | 26.3 | 27.7 | −0.6 |
Subset | True | Crude§
| 95% CI*
| SW#
| 95% CI | IPW†
| 95% CI*
| DR‡
| 95% CI*
| ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Diabetes
| |||||||||||||
Continental Finland |
6
|
7.6
| 6.5 | 8.7 |
6.6
| 5.6 | 7.6 |
6.2
| 5.2 | 7.2 |
6.4
| 5.6 | 7.1 |
Turku |
4.6
|
6.7
| 6 | 7.5 |
5.9
| 5.1 | 6.7 |
5.4
| 4.6 | 6.2 |
5.3
| 4.8 | 5.8 |
Kainuu |
6.6
|
8.9
| 8 | 9.7 |
7.3
| 6.5 | 8.1 |
6.8
| 6 | 7.5 |
6.7
| 6.2 | 7.3 |
Southern Oulu region |
6.9
|
9.3
| 7.7 | 10.8 |
7.5
| 6.2 | 8.8 |
6.5
| 5.4 | 7.7 |
6.8
| 5.9 | 7.6 |
Oulu region |
4.4
|
5.8
| 4.9 | 6.8 |
4.9
| 4.1 | 5.8 |
4.2
| 3.4 | 5 |
4.4
| 3.9 | 5 |
Men |
6.7
|
7.2
| 6.6 | 7.7 |
8.2
| 6.7 | 9.8 |
5.1
| 4.5 | 5.7 |
7.3
| 6.9 | 7.8 |
Women |
5.3
|
8.2
| 7.5 | 8.8 |
5.3
| 4.2 | 6.4 |
5.6
| 5 | 6.2 |
5.2
| 4.8 | 5.6 |
Age group 20-54 |
2.6
|
2.5
| 2.1 | 2.9 |
3.2
| 2.2 | 4.1 |
2.3
| 1.9 | 2.8 |
3.8
| 3.4 | 4.1 |
Age group 55-74 |
10.2
|
9.6
| 8.8 | 10.4 |
8.8
| 7 | 10.6 |
9.3
| 8.3 | 10.2 |
9.2
| 8.5 | 9.8 |
Age group 75-99 |
14.4
|
14.5
| 13.3 | 15.7 |
14.3
| 11.6 | 17.1 |
14
| 12.6 | 15.3 |
14.3
| 13.4 | 15.2 |
Other neurological diseases
| |||||||||||||
Continental Finland |
2.2
|
2.4
| 1.8 | 3.1 |
2
| 1.4 | 2.5 |
2
| 1.4 | 2.7 |
2
| 1.6 | 2.5 |
Turku |
2
|
1.9
| 1.5 | 2.3 |
1.8
| 1.3 | 2.2 |
1.6
| 1.2 | 2.1 |
1.6
| 1.4 | 1.9 |
Kainuu |
2.7
|
2.5
| 2.1 | 3 |
2.3
| 1.8 | 2.8 |
2.4
| 1.9 | 2.9 |
2.5
| 2.1 | 2.9 |
Southern Oulu region |
2.3
|
2.4
| 1.6 | 3.2 |
2.1
| 1.4 | 2.9 |
2.1
| 1.3 | 2.8 |
2
| 1.5 | 2.5 |
Oulu region |
2.3
|
2.6
| 2 | 3.3 |
2.3
| 1.7 | 2.9 |
2.3
| 1.6 | 2.9 |
2.3
| 1.9 | 2.8 |
Men |
2.5
|
2.3
| 2 | 2.7 |
2.5
| 1.6 | 3.4 |
1.9
| 1.5 | 2.3 |
2.2
| 1.9 | 2.5 |
Women |
1.9
|
2.4
| 2 | 2.7 |
1.6
| 1 | 2.2 |
2.2
| 1.8 | 2.6 |
1.8
| 1.6 | 2.1 |
Age group 20-54 |
1.6
|
1.5
| 1.2 | 1.8 |
1.4
| 0.7 | 2 |
1.5
| 1.2 | 1.9 |
1.6
| 1.4 | 1.8 |
Age group 55-74 |
2.6
|
2.6
| 2.2 | 3 |
1.9
| 1 | 2.7 |
2.6
| 2.1 | 3.1 |
1.9
| 1.6 | 2.2 |
Age group 75-99 |
4.5
|
3.6
| 2.9 | 4.2 |
5.3
| 3.5 | 7 |
4
| 3.2 | 4.8 |
5.2
| 4.6 | 5.8 |
Psychosis
| |||||||||||||
Continental Finland |
2.2
|
2
| 1.4 | 2.6 |
2
| 1.4 | 2.6 |
2.3
| 1.5 | 3.1 |
2.5
| 1.8 | 3.2 |
Turku |
1.5
|
1.2
| 0.9 | 1.6 |
1.2
| 0.8 | 1.6 |
1.3
| 0.9 | 1.7 |
1.3
| 1 | 1.5 |
Kainuu |
2.7
|
2.2
| 1.8 | 2.6 |
2.2
| 1.8 | 2.7 |
2.5
| 1.9 | 3.1 |
2.6
| 2.2 | 3.1 |
Southern Oulu region |
2.8
|
2
| 1.3 | 2.7 |
2
| 1.2 | 2.7 |
1.9
| 1.2 | 2.6 |
1.9
| 1.4 | 2.5 |
Oulu region |
1.9
|
1.1
| 0.7 | 1.5 |
1
| 0.6 | 1.4 |
1
| 0.6 | 1.5 |
1
| 0.7 | 1.3 |
Men |
2.1
|
1.7
| 1.4 | 2 |
2.4
| 1.4 | 3.3 |
1.6
| 1.2 | 1.9 |
2.9
| 2.5 | 3.3 |
Women |
2.3
|
1.7
| 1.4 | 2 |
1.7
| 1 | 2.3 |
1.6
| 1.2 | 1.9 |
1.6
| 1.4 | 1.8 |
Age group 20-54 |
1.8
|
1.5
| 1.2 | 1.8 |
1.9
| 1.1 | 2.6 |
1.4
| 1.1 | 1.8 |
2.2
| 1.9 | 2.4 |
Age group 55-74 |
2.7
|
1.9
| 1.5 | 2.3 |
2.1
| 1.1 | 3 |
1.7
| 1.3 | 2.1 |
2.4
| 2 | 2.7 |
Age group 75-99 |
3.1
|
1.9
| 1.4 | 2.4 |
1.9
| 0.9 | 3 |
2
| 1.4 | 2.6 |
2.1
| 1.7 | 2.5 |
Any entitlement to reimbursed medication
| |||||||||||||
Continental Finland |
31
|
40.9
| 38.9 | 42.9 |
35.8
| 33.9 | 37.8 |
32.7
| 30.7 | 34.7 |
32.9
| 31.5 | 34.3 |
Turku |
26.3
|
35
| 33.5 | 36.4 |
31.8
| 30 | 33.5 |
27.8
| 26.1 | 29.4 |
27.8
| 26.9 | 28.7 |
Kainuu |
39
|
49.7
| 48.2 | 51.1 |
43.5
| 41.9 | 45.1 |
40.6
| 39.1 | 42.2 |
40.1
| 39 | 41.1 |
Southern Oulu region |
39.1
|
48.3
| 45.7 | 50.9 |
43
| 40.4 | 45.7 |
38.7
| 36.1 | 41.3 |
39.3
| 37.5 | 41.1 |
Oulu region |
29.8
|
37.5
| 35.5 | 39.5 |
33.3
| 31.4 | 35.3 |
29
| 27.1 | 30.9 |
29.8
| 28.6 | 31 |
Men |
29.6
|
41.9
| 40.7 | 43 |
38.3
| 35.5 | 41.1 |
31
| 29.7 | 32.3 |
32.7
| 31.9 | 33.5 |
Women |
32.2
|
42.6
| 41.4 | 43.7 |
34.1
| 31.8 | 36.4 |
32
| 30.7 | 33.3 |
32.7
| 31.9 | 33.4 |
Age group 20-54 |
15.5
|
19
| 18 | 19.9 |
18.5
| 16.3 | 20.6 |
17.1
| 16 | 18.2 |
19.1
| 18.4 | 19.7 |
Age group 55-74 |
48.9
|
50
| 48.7 | 51.4 |
48.1
| 44.8 | 51.4 |
49.6
| 47.9 | 51.2 |
49.2
| 48.1 | 50.3 |
Age group 75-99 |
75.3
|
74.5
| 73 | 76 |
74.6
| 71.1 | 78 |
74.5
| 72.8 | 76.3 |
74.6
| 73.5 | 75.8 |