Background
Methods
Design, setting and participants
Variables
Statistical analyses
Results
Characteristicsa
| Valid cases | Norwegians | South Asians | Othersb
| Pc
|
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Primary prevention of CVD (n, %)
| 1273 (100.0) | 830 (65.2) | 265 (20.8) | 178 (14.0) | |
Males, % | 601 | 47.2 | 55.7 | 49.4 | 0.737 |
Age, years, mean ( 95% CI) | 1273 | 64.3 (63.4-65.2) | 51.0 (49.9-52.1) | 54.2 (52.6-55.7) | <0.001 |
Age at diagnosis of diabetes, years, mean (95% CI) | 1180 | 58.0 (57.1-58.9) | 44.6 (43.4-45.7) | 48.2 (46.4-50.0) | <0.001 |
Diabetes duration, years, mean (95% CI) | 1180 | 6.2 (5.8-6.6) | 6.1 (5.4-6.8) | 5.1 (4.4-5.8) | 0.077 |
Current smoker, % (95% CI) | 742 | 25.7 (22.6-28.9) | 10.8 (8.7-13.2) | 21.9 (19.0-25.0) | 0.001 |
Secondary prevention of CVD (n, %)
| 380 (100.0) | 299 (78.7) | 57 (15.0) | 24 (6.3) | |
Males, % | 227 | 57.5 | 68.4 | 66.7 | 0.238 |
Age, years, mean, (95% CI) | 380 | 72.4 (71.2-73.6) | 58.2 (55.8-60.6) | 65.5 (61.2-69.9) | <0.001 |
Age at diagnosis of diabetes, years, mean, (95% CI) | 346 | 64.7 (63.3-66.0) | 46.5 (43.8-49.3) | 54.7 (50.1-59.3) | <0.001 |
Diabetes duration, years, mean (95% CI) | 346 | 7.5 (6.7-8.2) | 11.5 (9.4-13.5) | 9.5 (7.0-11.9) | 0.001 |
Current smoker, % (95% CI) | 240 | 22.4 (17.7-28.2) | 12.1 (8.5-16.7) | 20.5 (15.8-26.0) | 0.405 |
Primary prevention of CVD
Characteristicsa
| Valid cases | Norwegians (n=830) | South Asians (n=265) | Othersb(n=178) | Pc
|
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age- and gender adjusted last available measure of risk factors for CVD (mean, 95% CI)
| |||||
HbA1c, % | 1205 | 6.9 (6.78-6.94) | 7.4 (7.24-7.53) | 7.2 (7.01-7.37) | <0.001 |
SBP, mmHg | 1142 | 137.6 (136.4-138.7) | 128.6 (126.4-130.8) | 131.0 (128.5-133.5) | <0.001 |
DBP, mmHg, | 1141 | 80.3 (79.6-80.9) | 76.5 (75.3-77.8) | 77.7 (76.2-79.0) | <0.001 |
Total chol, mmol/L | 1198 | 5.3 (5.19-5.33) | 5.1 (4.95-5.21) | 5.3 (5.14-5.45) | 0.049 |
LDL-chol, mmol/L | 793 | 3.2 (3.09-3.24) | 3.2 (3.01-3.31) | 3.2 (3.02-3.37) | 0.935 |
HDL-chol, mmol/L | 1150 | 1.4 (1.35-1.40) | 1.3 (1.22-1.32) | 1.3 (1.29-1.40) | 0.001 |
Total chol/HDL-chol | 1150 | 4.0 (3.96-4.14) | 4.2 (4.02-4.34) | 4.2 (4.03-4.41) | 0.181 |
Age- and gender adjusted proportion receiving pharmacological therapy (%, 95% CI)
| |||||
Glucose lowering | 1273 | 71.6 (68.4-74.7) | 81.4 (76.6-86.3) | 78.7 (72.7-84.8) | 0.003 |
Anti-hypertensive | 1273 | 62.2 (58.7-65.7) | 41.2 (34.7-47.7) | 42.2 (34.7-49.8) | <0.001 |
Lipid-lowering | 1273 | 35.4 (32.0-38.8) | 28.4 (22.7-34.0) | 16.2 (10.9-21.6) | <0.001 |
Age- and gender adjusted proportions not achieving treatment targets among patients receiving pharmacological therapy (%, 95% CI)
| |||||
HbA1c >7.5% | 899 | 25.7 (21.2-30.2) | 38.2 (30.5-45.9) | 29.2 (21.2-37.3) | 0.008 |
SBP > 140 mmHg | 672 | 41.9 (37.5-46.4) | 21.6 (12.2-31.0) | 24.5 (14.0-35.1) | <0.001 |
DBP > 85 mmHg | 671 | 25.4 (21.6-29.2) | 25.1 (15.9 -34.2) | 25.1 (14.7-35.3) | 0.996 |
Total Chol/HDL-chol ≥ 4.0 | 382 | 37.3 (31.4-43.1) | 33.0 (22.0- 44.1) | 48.1 (29.5-66.8) | 0.382 |
Characteristicsa
| Valid cases | Intensity of therapy | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
One agent | Two agents | Three or more agents | ||
Primary prevention of CVD
| ||||
Proportions of patients on glucose lowering therapy achieving and not achieving treatment target (%, 95
%
CI)
| ||||
HbA1c ≤ 7.5% | 595 | 63.9 (59.9-67.6) | 34.6 (30.9-38.5) | 1.5 (0.8-2.9) |
HbA1c > 7.5% | 304 | 43.4 (38.0-49.9) | 51.0 (45.4-56.6) | 5.6 (3.5-8.8) |
P < 0.001b
| ||||
Proportions of patients on anti-hypertensive therapy achieving and not achieving treatment target (%, 95% CI)
| ||||
SBP ≤ 140 mmHg | 414 | 43.7 (39.0-48.5) | 29.0 (24.8-33.5) | 27.3 (23.2-31.8) |
SBP > 140 mmHg | 258 | 35.3 (29.7-41.3) | 28.3 (23.1-34.1) | 36.4 (30.7-42.3) |
P=0.028b
| ||||
DBP ≤ 85 mmHg | 499 | 41.1 (36.9-45.5) | 28.7 (24.9-32.8) | 30.3 (26.4-34.4) |
DBP > 85 mmHg | 172 | 39.0 (32.0-46.4) | 28.5 (22.2-35.7) | 32.6 (26.0-39.9) |
P=0.834b
| ||||
Secondary prevention of CVD
| ||||
Proportions of patients on glucose lowering therapy achieving and not achieving treatment target (%, 95% CI)
| ||||
HbA1c ≤ 7.5% | 183 | 58.5 (51.2-65.4) | 37.7 (31.4-44.9) | 3.8 (1.7-7.8) |
HbA1c > 7.5% | 97 | 48.5 (38.8-58.3) | 47.4 (37.8-57.3) | 4.1 (1.3-10.5) |
P=0.269b
| ||||
Proportions of patients on anti-hypertensive therapy achieving and not achieving treatment target (%, 95% CI)
| ||||
SBP ≤ 140 mmHg | 205 | 31.7 (25.7-38.4) | 30.2 (24.4-36.9) | 38.0 (31.7-44.9) |
SBP > 140 mmHg | 114 | 21.1 (14.5-29.5) | 34.2 (26.1-43.3) | 44.7 (35.9-53.9) |
P=0.125b
| ||||
DBP ≤ 85 mmHg | 268 | 28.4 (23.3-34.0) | 31.7 (26.4-37.5) | 39.9 (34.2-45.9) |
DBP > 85 mmHg | 51 | 25.5 (15.4-39.0) | 31.4 (20.3-45.1) | 43.1 (30.5-56.7) |
P=0.888b
|
Characteristicsa
| Total | Norwegians | South Asians | Other | pb
|
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Primary cardiovascular prevention in 1273 patients without known CVD
| |||||
Proportions of patients on glucose lowering therapy, n/N (%)
| |||||
HbA1c < 6.0% | 82/899 (9.1) | 62/563 (11.0) | 7/202 (3.5) | 13/134 (9.7) | 0.006 |
Proportions of patients on anti-hypertensive therapy, n/N (%)
| |||||
SBP < 130 mmHg | 154/672 (22.9) | 98/514 (19.1) | 36/90 (40.0) | 20/68 (29.4) | <0.001 |
DBP < 65 mmHg | 25/671 (3.7) | 18/514 (3.5) | 6/89 (6.7) | 1/68 (1.5) | 0.193 |
Secondary cardiovascular prevention in 380 patients with known CVD
| |||||
Proportions of patients on glucose lowering therapy, n/N (%)
| |||||
HbA1c < 6.0% | 25/280 (8.9) | 24/209 (11.5) | 1/52 (1.9) | 0/19 (0.0) | 0.035 |
Proportions of patients on anti-hypertensive therapy, n/N (%)
| |||||
SBP < 130 mmHg | 76/319 (23.8) | 55/262 (21.0) | 17/40 (42.5) | 4/17 (23.5) | 0.012 |
DBP < 65 mmHg | 26/319 (8.2) | 16/262 (6.1) | 6/40 (15.0) | 4/17 (23.5) | 0.009 |
Secondary prevention of CVD
Characteristicsa
| Valid cases | Norwegians (n=299) | South Asians (n=57) | Othersb(n=24) | Pc
|
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age- and gender adjusted last available measure of risk factors for CVD (mean, 95% CI)
| |||||
HbA1c, % | 360 | 7.0 (6.84-7.13) | 7.9 (7.48-8.28) | 7.5 (6.96-8.08) | <0.001 |
SBP, mmHg | 356 | 135.5 (136.3-140.7) | 134.3 (128.8-139.8) | 138.9 (131–146.7) | 0.370 |
DBP, mmHg | 356 | 78.7 (77.6-79.8) | 73.7 (70.9-76.4) | 72.5 (68.6-76.4) | <0.001 |
Total chol, mmol/L | 349 | 4.7 (4.58-4.83) | 4.6 (4.30-4.87) | 4.8 (4.40-5.25) | 0.596 |
LDL-chol, mmol/L | 231 | 2.7 (2.59-2.88) | 2.6 (2.30-2.95) | 2.8 (2.21-3.34) | 0.817 |
HDL-chol, mmol/L | 332 | 1.3 (1.27-1.36) | 1.2 (1.07-1.26) | 1.2 (1.10-1.37) | 0.013 |
Total chol/HDL-chol | 332 | 3.7 (3.60-3.88) | 4.1 (3.80-4.41) | 4.1 (3.67-4.58) | 0.049 |
Age- and gender adjusted proportion receiving pharmacological therapy (%, 95% CI)
| |||||
Glucose lowering | 380 | 73.8 (68.5-79.0) | 96.5 (91.7-101.3) | 87.9 (75.0-100.9) | <0.001 |
Anti-hypertensive | 380 | 91.1 (87.8-94.4) | 86.6 (77.4-95.9) | 80.7 (64.9-96.5) | 0.345 |
Lipid-lowering | 380 | 66.3(60.4-72.1) | 60.7(46.1-75.3) | 67.5(47.5-87.5) | 0.781 |
Age- and gender adjusted proportions not achieving treatment targets among patients receiving pharmacological therapy (%, 95% CI)
| |||||
HbA1c >7.5% | 280 | 26.0 (19.4-32.6) | 47.2 (31.4- 63.0) | 39.6 (16.3-62.9) | 0.031 |
SBP > 140 mmHg | 319 | 35.5 (29.5-41.5) | 22.3 ( 7.7 – 36.8) | 56.1 (32.2 – 80.0) | 0.050 |
DBP > 85 mmHg | 319 | 16.5 (12.0-21.1) | 12.2 (2.3-22.1) | 11.6 (−3.6-26.7) | 0.645 |
Total Chol/HDL chol ≥ 4.0 | 226 | 31.8 (24.8-39.0) | 43.8 (27.6-59.9) | 28.5 (7.1 – 50.0) | 0.378 |