Introduction
Background
Methods
Very | A little | Not | Not applicable / never | |
---|---|---|---|---|
difficult | difficult | difficult | needed to see doctor | |
at all | ||||
Distance to doctor’s office / | □ | □ | □ | □ |
hospital / medical centre | ||||
Delay in getting appointment | □ | □ | □ | □ |
Waiting time to see doctor on | □ | □ | □ | □ |
day of appointment | ||||
Cost of seeing the doctor | □ | □ | □ | □ |
Australia | Japan | South Korea | Hong Kong | Taiwan-Taipei | Thailand | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Fieldwork dates
| Sept. 2009 | 11 Sept. ~ 21 Sept. | 20 Oct. ~ 10 | October 2009 ~ | 6 Oct. ~ 16 | 20 Oct. ~ 10 Nov., |
2009 | Nov., 2009 | October 2010 | Nov., 2009 | 2009 | ||
Population
| 18 years old and | 19 years old and | 18 years old and | 18 years old or | Taipei legal | 18 years old and |
over | over | over | above | citizens who | over | |
are 20 years | ||||||
old or older | ||||||
Geographic
| Nationwide | Nationwide | Nationwide | Hong Kong | Taipei | Nationwide |
coverage
| ||||||
Sampling method
| Stratified according | Regionally stratified | Multi – Stages | Quota sampling | Central | Multi – Stages |
to state population | proportional | Sampling | based on the | Location Quota | Sampling | |
random sampling | three age ranges | Sampling | ||||
Fieldwork
| Self-administered | Face to face | Face to face | Telephone | Face to face | Face to face |
Methods
| postal survey | interview | interview | interview | interview | interview |
Sample size
| 1,044 | 1,006 | 1,200 | 681 | 1,200 | 1,200 |
Results
Country | Difficulties due to distance | Difficulties in getting | Difficulty due to | Difficulties due to cost | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
an appointment | waiting times | ||||
Australia | Demographic | Married, divorced, widowed or | Female; married | Female; worked part- | Female; married or |
separated | time | cohabiting | |||
Health | Felt very unhappy with their health; | Nil | Nil | Nil | |
related | |||||
Economic | S some savings and borrowed | Just got by, spent | Just got by financially | Second-lowest income | |
money; or fell in the lowest income | savings, or spent | in the last year, spent | quartile; just got by | ||
quartile group | savings and borrowed | some savings or spent | financially or spend | ||
money | some savings and
| savings and borrowed | |||
borrowed money | money | ||||
Hong Kong | Demographic | Nil | Aged 60 years or older | Retired or pensioner | Retired/pensioner |
Health | Nil | Nil | Nil | Perceived health to be | |
related | neither important nor | ||||
unimportant | |||||
Economic | Spent some savings or fell in the lowest | Nil | Nil | Nil | |
income quartile group | |||||
Japan | Demographic | Nil | Nil | 30–39 years of age | Nil |
Health | Rated their health as very bad | Satisfied with their | Rated their health as | Rated their health as fair, or | |
related | health | good, fair, bad, or | rated their health as bad | ||
very bad | |||||
Economic | Nil | Nil | Nil | Spent some savings or spent some savings and borrowed money | |
Korea | Demographic | Nil | Nil | Nil | Female |
Health | Fair state of health, very bad health; | Nil | Nil | Nil | |
related | chronic health condition | ||||
Economic | Nil | Nil | Nil | Spent savings and borrow | |
money | |||||
Taiwan | Demographic | Divorced; part-time workers | Nil | Nil | Work part-time |
Health | Nil | Nil | Nil | Nil | |
related | |||||
Economic | Spent their savings or spent their | Nil | Spend some savings | Just got by, spent savings, | |
savings and borrowed | spent savings and
| ||||
borrowed money | |||||
Thailand | Work for their family, a | Work for their family, | Work for family | Nil | |
housewife/househusband or a | work part-time | ||||
student/unemployed/other | |||||
Rated their health as being good, fair or | Nil | Nil | Nil | ||
bad | |||||
Just got by financially, spent some | Nil | Just got by | Spend savings, or spend | ||
savings or spent some savings and
| financially, or spent | savings and borrowed | |||
borrowed money; and | their savings and
| money | |||
borrowed money |
Distance
Country | 1. AU | 2. HK | 3. JP | 4. KR | 5. TW | 6. TL |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(Models for DV1) | ||||||
Model fit χ2 (df) | 110.68 (15)** | 55.69(6)*** | 52.00(8)*** | 39.94(5)*** | 34.96(14)** | 78.43(13)*** |
N response/N total | 1029/1044 | 641/674 (95.1%) | 996/1000 (99.6%) | 955/1006 (94.9%) | 1089/1200 (90.8%) | 1185/1200 (98.8%) |
Nagelkerke R2
| 0.28 | 0.16 | 0.08 | 0.07 | 0.05 | 0.10 |
Independent Variable
|
Waldχ
2
(df) p*
|
Waldχ
2
(df) p*
|
Waldχ
2
df) p*
|
Waldχ
2
(df) p*
|
Waldχ
2
(df) p*
|
Waldχ
2
(df) p*
|
OR (95%CI)
|
OR (95%CI)
|
OR (95%CI)
|
OR (95%CI)
|
OR (95%CI)
|
OR (95%CI)
| |
Coefficient b
|
Coefficient b
|
Coefficient b
|
Coefficient
|
Coefficient b
|
Coefficient b
| |
Marital status
| 21.35 (5)** | ” | ’ | ’ | 11.17χ2(5)* | |
Never married (ref) | OR 1.00 | OR 1.00 | ||||
0 | 0 | |||||
Married | 14.69χ2 (1)*** | ’ | ’ | ’ | ’ | ’ |
0.26 (0.13–0.52) | ||||||
−1.34 | ||||||
Divorced | ‘ | ’ | ’ | ’ | 8.83χ2(1)** | ’ |
0.34 (0.17–0.69) | ||||||
−1.07 | ||||||
Widowed | 11.46χ2 (1)** | ’ | ’ | ’ | ’ | |
0.21 (0.08–0.52) | ||||||
−1.57 | ||||||
Separated | 6.75χ2 (1)** | ’ | ’ | ’ | ’ | |
0.22 (0.07–0.70) | ||||||
−1.50 | ||||||
Cohabiting | ’ | ’ | ’ | ’ | ||
Work status
| ’ | ’ | ’ | ’ | 13.73χ2(6)* | 24.24χ2(6)*** |
1.00 | 1.00 | |||||
Full-time (ref) | 0 | 0 | ||||
Part-time | ’ | ’ | ’ | ’ | 5.76χ2(1)* | ‘ |
0.50 (0.28–0.88) | ||||||
−0.70 | ||||||
Self-employed | ’ | ’ | ’ | ’ | ‘ | . |
Work for family | ’ | ’ | ’ | ’ | ‘ | 12.92χ2(1)*** |
0.47 (0.31–0.71) | ||||||
−0.76 | ||||||
Retired/ | ’ | ’ | ’ | ’ | 4.56χ2(1)* | ‘ |
Pensioner | 2.00 (1.06–3.77) | |||||
0.69 | ||||||
Housewife/ | ’ | ’ | ’ | ’ | ‘ | 10.24χ2(1)** |
Househusband | 0.42 (0.25–0.72) | |||||
−0.86 | ||||||
Student/ | ’ | ’ | ’ | ’ | ‘ | 6.42χ2(1)* |
Unemployed/ | 0.59 (0.40–0.89) | |||||
Other | −0.54 | |||||
Subjective health
| 24.67χ2 (2)*** |
’
|
Dissatisfied (ref)
|
’
|
’
|
Dissatisfied (ref)
|
Satisfaction
| 1.00 | 12.50χ2(2)** | 7.54χ2(2)* | |||
Unhappy (ref) | 0 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||
0 | 0 | |||||
Average | 14.36χ2 (1)*** |
’
|
Average
|
’
|
’
|
’
|
3.15 (1.74–5.69) | 12.34χ2(1)*** | |||||
1.15 | 2.18 (1.41–3.37) | |||||
0.54 | ||||||
Happy | 24.52χ2 (1)*** |
’
|
Satisfied
|
’
|
’
|
Satisfied
|
3.91 (2.28–6.71) | 5.32χ2(1)* | 6.35χ2(1)* | ||||
1.36 | 1.72 (1.09–2.72) | 1.85 (1.15–2.98) | ||||
0.54 | 0.61 | |||||
Financial situation in
| 12.88χ2 (3)** | 21.52χ2(3)*** |
’
|
’
| 8.71χ2(3)* | 18.71χ2(3)*** |
last year
| 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
Save money (ref) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||
Just get by | ‘ |
’
| ’ |
’
|
’
| 15.38χ2(1)*** |
0.49 (0.35–0.70) | ||||||
−0.71 | ||||||
Spent some savings | ’ | 11.11χ2(1)** | ’ | ’ | 5.82χ2(1)* | 7.72χ2(1)** |
0.37 (0.20–0.66) | 0.51 (0.29–0.88) | 0.47 (0.27–0.82) | ||||
−1.00 | −0.68 | −0.70 | ||||
Spent savings & | 11.87χ2 (1)** | ’ | ’ | ’ | 5.16χ2(1)* | 13.80χ2(1)*** |
borrowed money | 0.35 (0.19–0.63) | 0.49 (0.26–0.91) | 0.43 (0.27–0.67) | |||
−1.06 | −0.72 | −0.85 | ||||
Household annual or
| (annual) | (monthly) | ’ | ’ | ’ | ’ |
monthly adjusted
| 9.04χ2 (3)* | 16.18χ2(3)** | ||||
income quartile
| 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
4th: quartile (ref) | 0 | 0 | ||||
1st quartile | 3.83χ2 (1)* | 14.99χ2(1)*** | ’ | ’ | ’ | ’ |
0.55 (0.30–1.02) | 0.27 (0.14–0.52) | |||||
−0.59 | −1.32 | |||||
2nd quartile | 5.31χ2 (1)* | ’ | ’ | ’ | ’ | ’ |
0.54 (0.32–0.93) | ||||||
−0.62 | ||||||
3rd: quartile | ’ | ’ | ’ | ’ | ’ | ’ |
Self-rated health
| ’ | ’ | 14.76χ2(4)** | 22.13χ2(4)*** | ’ | 11.47χ2(4)* |
Very good (ref) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||
0 | 0 | 0 | ||||
Good | ’ | ’ | ’ | ’ | 8.16χ2(1)** | |
0.54 (0.35–0.82) | ||||||
−0.63 | ||||||
Fair | ’ | ’ | ’ | 13.41χ2(1)*** | ’ | 10.29χ2(1)** |
0.43 (0.28–0.68_ | 0.47 (0.30–0.75) | |||||
−0.84 | −0.76 | |||||
Bad | ’ | ’ | 8.31χ2(1)** | ’ | ’ | 4.99χ2(1)* |
0.31 (0.14–0.86) | 0.44 (0.21–0.90) | |||||
−1.19 | −0.83 | |||||
Very bad | ’ | ’ | ’ | 6.79χ2(1)** | ’ | ’ |
0.25 (0.09–0.71) | ||||||
−1.38 | ||||||
Whether respondent has
| ’ | ’ | ’ | – | ’ | ’ |
chronic health
| 1.00 | |||||
condition
| 0 | |||||
Yes (ref) | ||||||
No | ’ | ’ | ’ | 6.99(1)** | ’ | ’ |
3.34 (1.37–8.18) | ||||||
1.21 |
Monthly/annual income
Subjective health satisfaction
Financial situation
Self-rated health (Not applicable to Hong Kong & Taiwan)
Chronic health condition (Not applicable to Hong Kong, Japan & Taiwan)
Marital status
Work status
Appointment
Country | 1. AU | 2. HK | 3. JP | 4. KR | 5. TW | 6. TL |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(Models for DV2) | ||||||
Model fit χ2 (df) | 125.79 (18)*** | 103.79(5)*** | 36.87(8)*** | 18.45(4)** | 16.50(2)*** | 47.09(11)*** |
N response/N total | 816/1044 (78.2%) | 667/674 (99.0%) | 996/1000 (99.6%) | 990/1006 (98.4%) | 1157/1200 (96.4%) | 1185/1200 (98.8%) |
Nagelkerke R2
| 0.19 | 0.19 | 0.06 | 0.03 | 0.02 | 0.05 |
Independent Variable
| Waldχ2(df) p* | Waldχ2(df) p* | Waldχ2(df) p* | Waldχ2 df) p* | Waldχ2 (df) p* | Waldχ2(df) p* |
OR (95%CI) | OR (95%CI) | OR (95%CI) | OR (95%CI) | OR (95%CI) | OR (95%CI) | |
Coefficient | Coefficient | Coefficient | Coefficient | Coefficient | Coefficient | |
Sex
| - | ’ | ’ | ’ | ’ | ’ |
Male (ref) | 1.00 | |||||
0 | ||||||
Female | 18.59χ2 (1)*** | ’ | ’ | ’ | ’ | ’ |
00.50 (0.37–0.69) | ||||||
−0.69 | ||||||
Age
| 27.55χ2(5)*** | 82.60χ2(5)*** | ’ | ’ | ’ | 15.27(5)** |
< 20 (ref) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||
0 | 0 | 0 | ||||
20–29 (ref) | 20.94χ2(1)*** | ’ | 17.45χ2(4)** | ’ | ’ | ’ |
18.87 (3.69–31.65) | 1.00 | |||||
2.38 | 0 | |||||
30–39 | 12.02χ2(1)** | ’ | ’ | ’ | ’ | ’ |
6.97 (2.33–20.88) | ||||||
1.94 | ||||||
40–49 | 14.59χ2(1)*** | ’ | ’ | ’ | ’ | ’ |
7.91 (2.62–23.91) | ||||||
2.07 | ||||||
50–59 | 16.74χ2(1)*** | ’ | ’ | ’ | ’ | ’ |
10.43 (3.39–32.07) | ||||||
2.35 | ||||||
60+ | 20.83χ2(1)*** | 30.04χ2(1)*** | 11.62χ2(1)** | ’ | ’ | ’ |
13.86 (4.48–42.88) | 0.13 (0.06–0.27) | 2.37 (1.44–3.90) | ||||
2.63 | −2.04 | 0.86 | ||||
Marital status
| 15.05χ2(5)** | ’ | ’ | ’ | ’ | ’ |
Never married (ref) | 1.00 | |||||
0 | ||||||
Married | 12.56χ2(1)** | ’ | ’ | ’ | ’ | |
0.62 (0.27–0.70) | ||||||
−0.83 | ||||||
Divorced | ’ | ’ | ’ | ’ | ’ | |
Widowed | ’ | ’ | ’ | ’ | ’ | |
Separate | ’ | ’ | ’ | ’ | ’ | |
Cohabiting | ’ | ’ | ’ | ’ | ’ | |
Work status | ’ | ’ | ’ | ’ | ’ | 34.93χ2(6)*** |
Full-time | 1.00 | |||||
0 | ||||||
Part-time | ’ | ’ | ’ | ’ | ’ | 6.37χ2(1)* |
0.45 (0.24–0.84) | ||||||
−0.80 | ||||||
Self-employed | ’ | ’ | ’ | ’ | ’ | ’ |
Work for family | ’ | ’ | ’ | ’ | ’ | 31.24χ2(1)*** |
0.34 (0.23–0.49) | ||||||
−1.09 | ||||||
Retired/pensioner | ’ | ’ | ’ | ’ | ’ | ’ |
Housewife/househusband | ’ | ’ | ’ | ’ | ’ | ’ |
Student/ | ’ | ’ | ’ | ’ | ’ | ’ |
Unemployed/ | ||||||
Other | ||||||
Subjective health
| 19.14χ2(2)*** | ’ | ’ |
Dissatisfied (ref)
|
Dissatisfied (ref)
| ’ |
satisfaction
| 1.00 | 15.90χ2(2)*** | 16.73χ2(2)*** | |||
Unhappy (ref) | 0 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||
0 | 0 | |||||
Average | 3.34χ2(1) | ’ | ’ | ’ | ’ | ’ |
1.78 (0.96–3.29) | ||||||
0.57 | ||||||
Happy | 14.36χ2(1)*** | ’ | ’ |
Satisfied
|
Satisfied
| ’ |
3.10 (1.73–5.56) | 7.02χ2(1)** | 15.20χ2(1)*** | ||||
1.13 | 1.77 (1.16–2.71) | 2.31 (1.52–3.51) | ||||
0.57 | 0.84 | |||||
Financial situation in
| 12.38χ2(3)** | ’ | ’ | ’ | ’ | ’ |
last year
| 1.00 | |||||
Save money (ref) | 0 | |||||
Just get by | 9.85χ2(1)** | ’ | ’ | ’ | ’ | ’ |
0.56 (0.39–0.80) | ||||||
−0.59 | ||||||
Spent some savings | 4.97χ2(1)* | ’ | ’ | ’ | ’ | ’ |
0.62 (0.40–0.94) | ||||||
−0.49 | ||||||
Spent savings & | 5.70χ2(1)* | ’ | ’ | ’ | ’ | ’ |
borrowed money | 0.50 (0.28–0.88) | |||||
−0.69 | ||||||
Self-rated health
| ’ | ’ | 26.46χ2(4)*** | ’ | ’ | ’ |
Very dissatisfied | 1.00 | |||||
0 | ||||||
Dissatisfied | ’ | ’ | ’ | ’ | ’ | ’ |
Average | ’ | ’ | ’ | ’ | ’ | ’ |
Satisfied | ’ | ’ | 10.30χ2(1)** | ’ | ’ | ’ |
0.31 (0.15–0.64) | ||||||
−1.16 | ||||||
Very satisfied | ’ | ’ | ’ | ’ | ’ | ’ |
Chronic health
| ’ | ’ | ’ | ’ | ’ | ’ |
condition
| ||||||
(Yes ref) | ||||||
No | 3.83χ2(1)* | ’ | ’ | ’ | ’ | ’ |
1.41 (1.00–1.98) | ||||||
0.34 |
Subjective health satisfaction
Financial situation in last year
Self-rated health
Chronic health condition and appointment difficulties
Sex
Age
Marital status
Work status
Waiting time
Country (Models for DV3) | 1. AU | 2. HK | 3. JP | 4. KR | 5. TW | 6. TL |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Model fit χ2 (df) | 110.93 (21)*** | 108.49(5)*** | 94.06(10)*** | 14.49(4)** | 21.20(5)** | 48.49(14)*** |
N response/N total | 814/1044 (78%) | 666/674 (98.8%) | 994/1000 (99.4%) | 986/1006 (98%) | 1082/1200 (90.2%) | 1178/1200 (98.2%) |
Nagelkerke R2
| 0.17 | 0.20 | 0.12 | 0.02 | 0.03 | 0.05 |
Independent variable
| Waldχ2(df) p* | Waldχ2(df) p* | Waldχ2(df) p* | Waldχ2 df) p* | Waldχ2 (df) p* | Waldχ2(df) p* |
OR (95%CI) | OR (95%CI) | OR (95%CI) | OR (95%CI) | OR (95%CI) | OR (95%CI) | |
Coefficient | Coefficient | Coefficient | Coefficient | Coefficient | Coefficient | |
Sex
| - | ’ | ’ | ’ | ’ | ’ |
Male (ref) | ||||||
Female | 8.11χ2(1)** | ’ | ’ | ’ | ’ | ’ |
0.67 (0.51–0.88) | ||||||
−0.54 | ||||||
Age
| ’ | ’ | 20.63χ2(5)** | ’ | ’ | ’ |
< 20 (ref) | 1.00 | |||||
0 | ||||||
20–29 | ’ | ’ | ’ | ’ | ’ | ’ |
30–39 | ’ | ’ | 5.27χ2(1)* | ’ | ’ | ’ |
0.56 (0.34–0.92) | ||||||
−0.58 | ||||||
40–49 | ’ | ’ | ’ | ’ | ’ | ’ |
50–59 | ’ | ’ | ’ | ’ | ’ | ’ |
60+ | ’ | ’ | ’ | ’ | ’ | ’ |
Work status
| 40.22χ2(6)** | 68.04χ2(5)*** | ’ | ’ | ’ | 14.01χ2(6)* |
Full-time | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||
(ref) | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||
Part-time | 4.82χ2(1)* | ’ | ’ | ’ | ’ | ’ |
0.62 (0.41–0.95) | ||||||
−0.47 | ||||||
Self-employed | ’ | ’ | ’ | ’ | ’ | ’ |
Working for the family | ’ | ’ | ’ | ’ | ’ | 11.16χ2(1)** |
0.52 (0.35–0.76) | ||||||
−0.66 | ||||||
Retired/pensioner | 20.72χ2(1)*** | 66.34χ2(1)*** | ’ | ’ | ’ | ’ |
2.45 (1.67–3.61) | 0.68 (0.34–0.13) | |||||
0.90 | −2.69 | |||||
Housewife/househusband | ’ | ’ | ’ | ’ | ’ | ’ |
Student/ | 4.89χ2(1)* |
’
| ’ | ’ | ’ | ’ |
Unemployed/ | 1.66 (1.06–2.60) | |||||
Other | 0.51 | |||||
Subjective health
| 28.51χ2(2)*** |
’
| ’ |
Dissatisfied (ref)
|
Dissatisfied (ref)
| ’ |
satisfaction
| 1.00 | 14.41χ2(2)** | 12.68χ2(2)** | |||
Unhappy | 0 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||
0 | 0 | |||||
Fair | ’ | ’ | ’ | ’ | ’ | ’ |
Happy | 13.20χ2(1)*** | ’ | ’ |
Satisfied
|
Satisfied
| ’ |
2.57 (1.54–4.27) | 6.79χ2(1)** | 5.02χ2(1)* | ||||
0.94 | 1.78 (1.15–2.74) | 1.56 (1.06–2.29) | ||||
0.70 | 0.44 | |||||
Financial situation in last
| 15.85χ2(3)** | ’ | ’ | ’ | 8.39χ2(3)* | 14.74χ2(3)** |
year
| 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||
Save money (ref) | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||
Just get by | 5.98χ2(1)* | ’ | ’ | ’ | ’ | 7.65χ2(1)** |
0.66 (0.45–0.91) | 0.66 (0.49–0.89) | |||||
−0.45 | −0.41 | |||||
Spent some savings | 14.32χ2(1)*** | ’ | ’ | ’ | 7.26χ2(1)** | ’ |
0.38 (0.28–0.67) | 0.55 (0.36–0.85) | |||||
−0.85 | −0.59 | |||||
Spent savings & borrowed | 3.72χ2(1)* | ’ | ’ | ’ | ’ | 13.17χ2(1)*** |
money | 0.56 (0.31–1.01) | 0.48 (0.32–0.71) | ||||
−0.58 | −0.74 | |||||
Self-rated health
| ’ | ’ | 44.73χ2(4)*** | ’ | ’ | ’ |
Very good (ref) | 1.00 | |||||
0 | ||||||
Good | ’ | ’ | 8.95χ2(1)** | ’ | ’ | ’ |
0.72 (0.58–0.89) | ||||||
−0.33 | ||||||
air | ’ | ’ | 31.63χ2(1)*** | ’ | ’ | ’ |
0.53 (0.43–0.66) | ||||||
−0.63 | ||||||
Bad | ’ | ’ | 27.82χ2(1)*** | ’ | ’ | ’ |
0.43 (0.31–0.59) | ||||||
−0.85 | ||||||
Very bad | ’ | ’ | 8.34χ2(1)** | ’ | ’ | ’ |
0.41 (0.23–0.75) | ||||||
−0.88 |
Subjective health satisfaction
Financial situation in last year
Self-rated health
Sex
Age
Work status
Cost
Country | 1. AU | 2. HK | 3. JP | 4. KR | 5. TW | 6. TL |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(Models for DV4) | ||||||
Model fit χ2 (df) | 106.91 (20)*** | 121.19(13)*** | 99.37(13)*** | 102.49(15)*** | 76.75(9)*** | 29.28(8)*** |
N response/N total | 912/1044 (87.4%) | 665/674 (98.8%) | 990/1000 (99%) | 961/1006 (95.5%) | 1081/1200 (90.1%) | 1185/1200 (98.8%) |
Nagelkerke R2
| 0.16 | 0.23 | 0.13 | 0.14 | 0.12 | 0.04 |
Independent variable
|
Waldχ
2
(df) p* OR
|
Waldχ
2
(df) p* OR
|
Waldχ
2
(df) p*
|
Waldχ
2
df) p*
|
Waldχ
2
(df) p*
|
Waldχ
2
(df) p*
|
(95%CI)
|
(95%CI)
|
OR (95%CI)
|
OR (95%CI)
|
OR (95%CI)
|
OR (95%CI)
| |
Coefficient
|
Coefficient
|
Coefficient
|
Coefficient
|
Coefficient
|
Coefficient
| |
Sex
| - | ’ | ’ | ’ | ’ | |
Male (ref) | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
0 | 0 | |||||
Female | 12.82χ2(1)*** | ’ | ’ | 4.58χ2(1)* | ’ | ’ |
0.54 (0.38–0.76) | 0.72 (0.54–0.97) | |||||
−0.62 | −0.33 | |||||
Age
| ’ | ’ | (20–29 ref) | ’ | ’ | 15.90χ2(5)** |
< 20 (ref) | 1.00 | |||||
0 | ||||||
20–29 | ’ | ’ | 16.72χ2(4)** | ’ | ’ | ’ |
1.00 | ||||||
0 | ||||||
30–39 | ’ | ’ | ’ | ’ | ’ | ’ |
40–49 | ’ | ’ | ’ | ’ | ’ | ’ |
50–59 | ’ | ’ | ’ | ’ | ’ | ’ |
60+ | ’ | ’ | 8.08χ2(1)** | ’ | ’ | ’ |
1.89 (1.22–2.94) | ||||||
0.64 | ||||||
Marital status
| 15.51(5)** | 32.12(4)*** | ’ | 13.09χ2(4)** | ’ | ’ |
Never married (ref) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||
0 | 0 | 0 | ||||
Married | 9.18(1)** | ’ | ’ | 8.08χ2(1)** | ’ | ’ |
0.48 (0.30–0.77) | 0.58 (0.40–0.85) | |||||
−0.73 | −0.54 | |||||
Divorced | ’ | ’ | ’ | ’ | ’ | ’ |
Widowed | ’ | 20.12(1)*** | ’ | 7.02χ2(1)** | ’ | ’ |
19.81 (5.37– | 0.38 (0.19–0.78) | |||||
73.05) | −0.96 | |||||
2.97 | ||||||
Separated | ’ | ’ | ’ | ’ | ’ | ’ |
Cohabiting | 9.23χ2(1)** | ’ | ’ | ’ | ’ | ’ |
0.38 (0.20–0.71) | ||||||
−0.98 | ||||||
Household monthly
| 9.72χ2(3)* | ’ | ’ | ’ | ’ | ’ |
adjusted income quartile
| 1.00 | |||||
4th: quartile (ref) | 0 | |||||
1st quartile | ’ | ’ | ’ | ’ | ’ | ’ |
2nd quartile | 8.11χ2(1)** | ’ | ’ | ’ | ’ | ’ |
0.52 (0.33–0.81) | ||||||
−0.66 | ||||||
3rd quartile | ’ | ’ | ’ | ’ | ’ | ’ |
Work status
| 21.17χ2(6)** | 58.00χ2(5)*** | ’ | ’ | 21.23χ2(6)** | ’ |
Full-time | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||
(ref) | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||
Part-time | ’ | ’ | ’ | ’ | 18.30χ2(1)*** | ’ |
0.31 (0.18–0.53) | ||||||
−1.18 | ||||||
Self-employed | ’ | 0.00χ2(1) | ’ | ’ | ’ | ’ |
- (not given) | ||||||
20.39*** | ||||||
Working for the family | ’ | ’ | ’ | ’ | ’ | ’ |
Retired/pensioner | 15.92χ2(1)*** | 49–38χ2(1)*** | ’ | ’ | ’ | ’ |
3.32 (1.84–5.99) | 0.12 (0.06–0.21) | |||||
1.20 | −2.15 | |||||
Housewife/househusband | 3.90χ2(1)* | ’ | ’ | ’ | ’ | ’ |
2.03 (1.01–4.08) | ||||||
0.71 | ||||||
Student/ | ’ | ’ | ’ | ’ | ’ | ’ |
Unemployed/ | ||||||
Other | ||||||
Subjective health
| 6.28χ2(2)* |
Dissatisfied (ref)
| ’ |
Dissatisfied
| ’ | ’ |
satisfaction
| 1.00 | 10.65χ2(2)** |
(ref)
| |||
Unhappy | 0 | 1.00 | 19.55χ2(2)*** | |||
0 | 1.00 | |||||
0 | ||||||
Fair | ’ |
Average
| ’ | ’ | ’ | ’ |
5.95χ2(1)* | ||||||
2.41 (1.20–5.27) | ||||||
0.92 | ||||||
Happy | 5.99χ2(1)* |
Satisfied
| ’ |
Satisfied
| ’ | ’ |
2.01 (1.15–3.50) | 10.32χ2(1)** | 16.00χ2(1)*** | ||||
−0.70 | 3.24(1.58–6.62) | 2.68 (1.65–4.33) | ||||
1.17 | 0.98 | |||||
Financial situation in last
| 18.19χ2(3)*** | ’ | 18.44χ2(3)*** | 12.54χ2(3)** | 41.39χ(3)*** | 13.40χ2(3)** |
year
| 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |
Save money (ref) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Just get by | 2.01χ2(1)* | ’ | ’ | ’ | 24.47χ2(1)*** | 9.98χ2(10**) |
0.67 (0.45–0.99) | 0.32 (0.21–0.51) | 0.55 (0.38–0.80) | ||||
−0.40 | −1.13 | −0.61 | ||||
Spent some savings | ’ | ’ | 11.76χ2(1)** | ’ | 22.44χ2(1)*** | 7.46χ2(1)** |
0.53 (0.37–0.76) | 0.25 (0.14–0.44) | 0.45 (0.25–0.80) | ||||
−0.64 | −1.41 | −0.80 | ||||
Spent savings & borrowed | 17.73χ2(1)*** | ’ | 12.50χ2(1)*** | 12.13χ2(1)*** | 33.38χ2(1)*** | 9.22χ2(1)** |
money | 0.31 (0.18–0.4) | 0.38 (0.23–0.65) | 0.32 (0.17–0.61) | 0.16 (0.09–0.30) | 0.48 (0.30–0.77) | |
−1.17 | −0.96 | −1.13 | −1.83 | |||
Self-rated health
| ’ | ’ | 41.14χ2(4)*** | ’ | ’ | ’ |
Very good (ref) | 1.00 | |||||
0 | ||||||
Good | ’ | ’ | ’ | ’ | ’ | ’ |
Fair | ’ | ’ | 8.04χ2(1)** | ’ | ’ | ’ |
0.48 (0.29–0.80) | ||||||
−0.74 | ||||||
Bad | ’ | ’ | 14.63χ2(1)*** | ’ | ’ | ’ |
0.27 (0.14–0.53) | ||||||
−1.31 | ||||||
Very bad | 2.44χ2(1) | |||||
0.37 (0.11–1.29) | ||||||
−1.00 | ||||||
Whether respondent has
| ’ | ’ | ’ | 1.00 | ’ | ’ |
chronic health condition
| 0 | |||||
Yes (ref) | ||||||
No | ’ | ’ | ’ | χ2(1)=6.70* | ’ | ’ |
2.51 (1.25-5.04) |