Introduction
Historical perspective of garlic
Garlic preparations and their chemical compounds
Atherosclerosis and lipid metabolism
Animal studies
Human studies
References | Preparation | Duration | Dose |
---|---|---|---|
Ziaei et al., 2001 [26] | Garlic powder (Garlet) | 3 months | 800 mg/day |
Gardner et al., 2001 [27] | Garlic powder | 12 weeks | 500, 1000 mg/day |
Rahman et al., 2000 [28] | Aged garlic extract | 13 weeks | 5 ml/day |
Superko et al., 2000 [29] | Garlic powder | 3 months | 900 mg/day |
Byrne et al., 1999 [30] | Garlic powder (Kwai) | 6 months | 900 mg/day |
McCrindle et al., 1998 [31] | Garlic powder (Kwai) | 8 weeks | 900 mg/kg |
Berthold et al., 1998 [32] | Steam-distilled garlic oil | 12 weeks | 10 mg/day |
Isaacsohn et al., 1998 [33] | Garlic powder (Kwai) | 12 weeks | 900 mg/day |
Simons et al., 1995 [34] | Garlic powder (Kwai) | 12 weeks | 900 mg/day |
Luley et al., 1986 [25] | Commercial dried garlic | 6 weeks | 600 mg/day |
Lutomski, 1984 [24] | Commercial garlic preparation | 12 weeks | – |
Possible mechanism/s
Fibrinolytic activity
Animals studies
Human studies
References | Preparation | Duration | Effect |
---|---|---|---|
Bordia et al., 1975 [46] | Essential garlic oil | Acute effect | Increased FA |
Bordia et al., 1977 [10] | Essential garlic oil | 3 month | Increased FA |
Bordia et al., 1978 [50] | Essential garlic oil | 20 days | Increased FA |
Bordia et al., 1978 [58] | Essential garlic oil | 3 month | Increased FA |
Chutani and Bordia, 1981 [52] | Fresh and fried garlic | acute effect and 4 weeks | Increased FA |
Arora and Arora, 1981 [54] | Essential garlic oil | Acute effect | Slightly increased FA |
Arora et al., 1981 [55] | Essential garlic oil | 12 weeks | Increased FA only after 4 weeks |
Bordia et al., 1982 [51] | Essential garlic oil | 3 weeks | Increased FA |
Lutomski, 1984 [24] | Dried garlic powder | 12 weeks | No increased in FA |
Luley et al., 1986 [25] | Dried garlic powder | 6 weeks | No increased in FA |
Legnani et al., 1993 [56] | Dried garlic powder | Acute and 14 days | Increased FA |
Bordia et al., 1998 [57] | Ethyl acetate extract of garlic | 3 months | Increased FA |
Platelet aggregation
Animal studies
Human Study
References | Preparations | Duration | Effect |
---|---|---|---|
Bordia, 1978 [72] | Garlic | In-vitro | Dose-dependent Platelet aggregation |
Vanderhock et al., 1980 [73] | Garlic oil | In vitro | Inhibit PA |
Boullin, 1981 [80] | Fresh garlic | Single Dose | Inhibit PA |
Ariga et al., 1981 [85] | Methyl allyl trisulfide | In vitro | Inhibit PA |
Arora and Arora, 1981 [54] | Ether extract of garlic | Single Dose | Increased coagulation time |
Bordia et al., 1982 [51] | Ether extract of garlic | 3 weeks | Inhibit PA |
Samson, 1982 [76] | Essential garlic oil | 10 days | No PA activity |
Apitz-Castro et al., 1983 [74] | Garlic extract and 3 pure component | In vitro | Inhibit PA |
Block et al., 1984 [86] | Ajoene | In vitro | Inhibit PA |
Srivastava, 1984 [61] | Aqueous extract of garlic | In vitro | Inhibit PA |
Srivastava, 1986 [75] | Aqueous extract of garlic | In vitro | Inhibit PA |
Harenberg et al., 1988 [77] | Dried garlic powder | 4 weeks | No PA activity |
Kiesewetter et al., 1991 [78] | Garlic powder | 4 weeks | Inhibit PA |
Kiesewetter et al., 1993 [87] | Garlic powder | 4 weeks | Inhibit PA |
Legnani et al., 1993 [56] | Garlic powder | Single Dose and 14 days | Inhibit PA |
Morris et al., 1995 [88] | Oil extract (equivalent to 15 gm of raw garlic) | In-vitro and in-vivo (5 days) | Inhibit PA in in-vitro No in-vivo PA activity |
Bordia et al., 1998 [57] | Ethyl acetate extract of garlic | In-vitro study | Inhibit PA |
Sreiner and Lin, 1998 [79] | Aged garlic extract | 10 months | Inhibit PA |
Rahman and Billington, 2000 [28] | Aged garlic extract | 13 weeks | Inhibit PA |
Steiner and Li, 2001 [89] | Aged garlic extract | 6 weeks | Dose dependent inhibition of PA |
Possible mechanism/s
Blood pressure lowering effect
Animal Studies
Human study
References | Preparation | Duration | Dose | Effect |
---|---|---|---|---|
Ziaei et al., 2001 [26] | Garlic tablet (Garlet) | 3 months | 800 mg/day | ↓ hypertension |
Qidwai, 2000 [115] | Garlic in diet | Chronic intake | 134 gm/month | ↓ SBP |
McCrindle et al., 1998 [31] | Kwai | 8 weeks | 900 mg/day | No changes |
Steiner et al., 1996 [116] | Aged garlic extract | 6 months | 7.2 gm/day | ↓ SBP & DBP |
Simons et al., 1995 [34] | Kwai | 12 weeks | 900 mg/day | No changes |
Jain et al., 1993 [117] | Kwai | 12 weeks | 900 mg/day | No changes |
Mcmahan & Vargas, 1993 [118] | Garlic powder | Acute | 2400 mg | ↓ BP |
Kiesewetter et al., 1991 [78] | Garlic powder | 4 weeks | 800 mg/day | ↓ DBP |
Auer et al., 1990 [119] | Kwai | 12 weeks | 600 mg/day | ↓ SBP & DBP |
Zimmerman et al., 1990 [120] | Kwai | 3 weeks | 900 mg/day | No changes |
Vorberg et al., 1990 [121] | Kwai | 16 weeks | 900 mg/kg | ↓ SBP & DBP |
Piotrowski, 1948 [108] | Alcoholic extract of garlic | 1 week | 0.6–1.2 gm/day | ↓ SBP |
Possible mechanism/s
Diabetes mellitus
Animal studies
Human study
References | Preparation | Duration | Dose | Effect |
---|---|---|---|---|
Zhang et al., 2001 [135] | Garlic oil & Allicin | 11 weeks | 8.2 mg/day 7.8 mg/day | ↓ blood glucose |
Li et al., 2000 [137] | Garlicin | 10 days | 64 mg/day i.v. drip | ↓ blood glucose |
Bordia et al., 1998 [57] | Ethyl acetate extract | 3 months | Eq to 1 gm raw garlic/day | No change |
Ali & Thomson, 1995 [136] | Fresh garlic | 16 weeks | 3 gm/day | No change |
Jain et al., 1993 [117] | Garlic powder | 12 weeks | 900 mg/day | No change |
Kiesewetter et al., 1991 [78] | Garlic powder | 4 weeks | 800 mg/day | ↓ blood glucose |
Possible Mechanism
Other cardioprotective properties of garlic
Animal study
Human Study
References | Preparation | Duration | Dose | Effect |
---|---|---|---|---|
Li et al., 2000 [137] | Garlicin | 10 days | 64 mg/day i.v. drip | ↓ Unstable angina |
Breithaupt-Grogler et al., 1997 [155] | Garlic powder | 7 years | 300 mg/day | ↑ elastic property of blood vessels |
Kiesewetter et al; 1993 [87] | Garlic powder | 12 weeks | 800 mg/day | ↓ peripheral arterial occlusive disease |
Kiesewetter et al., 1991 [78] | Garlic powder | 4 weeks | 800 mg/day | ↓ plasma viscosity |
Jung et al., 1991 [157] | Garlic powder | Single dose | 900 mg/day | ↓ plasma viscosity & ↑ skin perfusion |
Kiesewetter et al; 1990 [156] | Garlic powder | Acute | – | ↑ capillary perfusion |