Background
Methods
Study design, settings and sampling
Ethical approval
Study instrument
Statistical analysis
Results
Demographic characteristics
Description | Frequency (390) | Percentage |
---|---|---|
Age (39.02 ± 9.23) years | ||
18-27 | 85 | 21.8 |
28-37 | 125 | 32.1 |
38-47 | 136 | 34.9 |
48-57 | 35 | 9.0 |
58 < year | 9 | 2.3 |
Gender
| ||
Male | 232 | 59.5 |
Female | 158 | 40.5 |
Education
| ||
Illiterate | 19 | 4.8 |
Religious Education | 67 | 17.2 |
Primary | 104 | 26.7 |
Metric | 54 | 13.8 |
Intermediate | 67 | 17.2 |
Graduation | 55 | 14.1 |
Post-Graduation | 24 | 6.2 |
Occupation
| ||
Unemployed | 162 | 41.5 |
Government Servant | 33 | 8.5 |
Private Servant | 111 | 28.5 |
Self Employed | 84 | 21.5 |
Income
| ||
No Income * | 151 | 38.7 |
< Pak Rs. 5000 | 51 | 13.1 |
5001-10000 | 36 | 9.1 |
10001-15000 | 81 | 20.8 |
>15001 | 71 | 18.2 |
Locality
| ||
Urban | 273 | 70.0 |
Rural | 117 | 30.0 |
EQ-5D health status
S No | EQ-5D | Frequency | Percentage |
---|---|---|---|
1 | 11212 | 10 | 2.56 |
2 | 11222 | 11 | 2.82 |
3 | 12222 | 8 | 2.05 |
4 | 12321 | 11 | 2.82 |
5 | 12322 | 15 | 3.85 |
6 | 12323 | 8 | 2.05 |
7 | 12331 | 18 | 4.62 |
8 | 13223 | 1 | 0.26 |
9 | 21121 | 57 | 14.62 |
10 | 21122 | 8 | 2.05 |
11 | 21123 | 4 | 1.03 |
12 | 21132 | 3 | 0.77 |
13 | 21221 | 5 | 1.28 |
14 | 21222 | 63 | 16.15 |
15 | 21223 | 15 | 3.85 |
16 | 21232 | 8 | 2.05 |
17 | 21233 | 4 | 1.03 |
18 | 21312 | 8 | 2.05 |
19 | 21323 | 7 | 1.79 |
20 | 21332 | 5 | 1.28 |
21 | 21333 | 1 | 0.26 |
22 | 22111 | 1 | 0.26 |
23 | 22112 | 1 | 0.26 |
24 | 22113 | 4 | 1.03 |
25 | 22122 | 10 | 0.56 |
26 | 22211 | 4 | 1.03 |
27 | 22222 | 9 | 2.31 |
28 | 22232 | 6 | 1.54 |
29 | 22322 | 5 | 1.28 |
30 | 22333 | 9 | 2.31 |
31 | 23113 | 5 | 1.28 |
32 | 23122 | 4 | 1.03 |
33 | 23123 | 8 | 2.05 |
34 | 23212 | 7 | 1.79 |
35 | 23222 | 6 | 1.54 |
36 | 23223 | 5 | 1.28 |
37 | 23233 | 4 | 1.03 |
38 | 23322 | 8 | 2.05 |
39 | 31222 | 5 | 1.28 |
40 | 32113 | 6 | 1.54 |
41 | 32222 | 13 | 3.33 |
EQ-5D Domain | Frequency | Percentage |
---|---|---|
First Domain (Mobility)
| ||
No Problem in walking about | 82 | 21.0 |
Some Problem in Walking about | 283 | 72.6 |
Confined to bed | 25 | 6.4 |
Second Domain (Self-care)
| ||
No Problem in self care | 215 | 55.1 |
Some Problem in washing and dressing myself | 127 | 32.6 |
wash and dress myself | 48 | 12.3 |
Third Domain (Usual Work)
| ||
No Problem in performing usual activities | 110 | 28.2 |
Some Problems in performing usual activities | 186 | 47.7 |
Unable to perform usual activities | 48 | 24.1 |
Forth Domain (Pain and Discomfort)
| ||
No pain and discomfort | 45 | 11.5 |
Some pain and discomfort | 288 | 73.8 |
Extreme pain and discomfort | 57 | 14.6 |
Fifth Domain (Anxiety and Depression)
| ||
Not anxious or depress | 97 | 24.9 |
Moderately anxious or depress | 213 | 54.6 |
Extremely anxious or depress | 80 | 20.5 |
Description | N | Mean EQ5D | Std | p Value |
---|---|---|---|---|
Score | Deviation | |||
Age* (36.62 ± 9.597) | ||||
18-27 | 85 | 0.3811 | 0.29440 | |
28-37 | 125 | 0.3775 | 0.29613 | |
38-47 | 136 | 0.3925 | 0.29432 |
0.056
|
48-57 | 35 | 0.2503 | 0.34559 | |
58 < year | 9 | |||
Gender**
| ||||
Male | 232 | 0.3636 | 0.31061 |
0.584
|
Female | 158 | 0.3850 | 0.28596 | |
Education*
| ||||
Illiterate | 19 | 0.3178 | 0.28567 | |
Religious Only | 67 | 0.3609 | 0.30195 | |
Primary | 104 | 0.3731 | 0.31979 | |
Metric | 54 | 0.4130 | 0.27255 |
0.613
|
Intermediate | 67 | 0.3287 | 0.30961 | |
Graduation | 55 | 0.3812 | 0.29382 | |
Post-Graduation | 24 | 0.4517 | 0.27869 | |
Occupation*
| ||||
Unemployed | 162 | 0.3849 | 0.29687 | |
Government Servant | 33 | 0.4340 | 0.32251 |
0.521
|
Private Servant | 111 | 0.3472 | 0.29438 | |
Self Employed | 84 | 0.3565 | 0.30805 | |
Income*
| ||||
Nil | 151 | 0.3876 | 0.29377 | |
< Pak Rs. 5000 | 51 | 0.3360 | 0.32486 | |
5001-10000 | 36 | 0.3889 | 0.29434 |
0.652
|
10001-15000 | 81 | 0.3565 | 0.30586 | |
>15001 | 71 | 0.3752 | 0.29992 | |
Locality**
| ||||
Urban | 273 | 0.3751 | 0.30002 |
0.795
|
Rural | 117 | 0.3655 | 0.30339 | |
Total
|
390
|
0.3722
|
0.30068
|
Description | N | Mean | Std | p Value |
---|---|---|---|---|
EQ VAS | Deviation | |||
Age* (39.02 ± 9.2) | ||||
18-27 | 85 | 56.9 | 11.406 |
0.291
|
28-37 | 125 | 57.4 | 10.475 | |
38-47 | 136 | 58.0 | 10.953 | |
48-57 | 35 | 54.2 | 9.997 | |
58 < year | 9 | 53.2 | 10.215 | |
Gender**
| ||||
Male | 232 | 58.3 | 10.692 |
0.014
|
Female | 158 | 55.5 | 11.002 | |
Education*
| ||||
Illiterate | 19 | 53.8 | 8.719 |
0.112
|
Religious Only | 67 | 55.4 | 10.418 | |
Primary | 104 | 56.4 | 11.525 | |
Metric (SSC) | 54 | 58.3 | 10.907 | |
Intermediate (HSC) | 67 | 58.6 | 10.321 | |
Graduation | 55 | 59.3 | 9.438 | |
Post-Graduation | 24 | 56.2 | 14.441 | |
Occupation*
| ||||
Unemployed | 162 | 56.5 | 10.591 |
0.274
|
Government Servant | 33 | 56.4 | 9.584 | |
Private Servant | 111 | 59.0 | 11.186 | |
Self Employed | 84 | 56.4 | 9.819 | |
Income*
| ||||
No Income | 151 | 56.4 | 10.962 |
0.838
|
< Pak Rs. 5000 | 51 | 56.4 | 12.025 | |
5001-10000 | 36 | 57.4 | 11.126 | |
10001-15000 | 81 | 58.8 | 10.774 | |
>15001 | 71 | 57.3 | 9.991 | |
Locality**
| ||||
Urban | 273 | 57.6 | 10.906 |
0.227
|
Rural | 117 | 56.2 | 10.831 | |
Total
|
390
|
57.2
|
10.888
|
Predictor Variable | Beta | P-Value |
---|---|---|
Age | 0.011 | 0.566 |
Gender | -0.025 | 0.721 |
Education | 0.399 |
0.025
|
Occupation | 0.043 | 0.470 |
Income | 0.010 | 0.551 |
Locality | 0.009 | 0.241 |