Background
Methods
Study 1: item detection, reliability and validity
Study 1 | Study 2 | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Cancer
|
Control
|
BC 1
|
CRC 3
| ||
Age (y)
| mean ± SD | 58.8 ± 11.6 | 59.9 ± 10.3 | 54.3 ± 11.6 | 62.4 ± 10.6 |
min/max | 30/83 | 32/81 | 37/71 | 33/76 | |
Gender
| women | 41 | 41 | 17 | 13 |
men | 16 | 16 | 0 | 12 | |
Marital status
| married | 41 | 20 | 4 | 17 |
stable partnership | 2 | 4 | 4 | 3 | |
single | 2 | 6 | 2 | 1 | |
divorced | 7 | 11 | 4 | 1 | |
widowed | 5 | 6 | 1 | 3 | |
missing | 0 | 10 | 2 | 0 |
Study 1: Cancer group | Study 2: | BC | CRC | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Metastasis or generalised stage
| ||||
yes
| 35 (61.4%) | 2 | 3 | |
No
| 24 (38.6%) | Stage 1 | 3 | 0 |
Stage 2 | 8 | 2 | ||
Stage 3 | 4 | 18 | ||
missing | 0 | 2 | ||
Initial diagnosis (years)
|
Initial diagnosis (months)
| |||
Mean (SD) | 2.9 (3.1) | 1.3 (1.0) | 1.4 (0.5) | |
Median | 2.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | |
Min/Max | 0/12 | 1/5 | 1/2 | |
Karnofsky-Index (%)
| ||||
Mean (SD) | 81.8 (11.6) | 86.7 (10.5) | 88.7 (9.2) | |
Median | 90 | 90 | 90 | |
Haemoglobin (gr/dl)
| ||||
Mean (SD) | 12.1 (1.84) | 13.0 (1.28) | 13.7 (6.8) | |
Median | 12.5 | 13.2 | 12.65 | |
Anemia (<12) | 22 (38.5%) | 2 (11.1%) | 9 (36.0%) | |
Therapies at the point of questioning | Therapies after first questioning | |||
Operation because of cancer
| 39 (68.4%) | 14 (82.3%) | 25 (100%) | |
Chemotherapy
| 31 (54.4%) | 17 (100%) | 25 (100%) | |
Chemotherapy Scheme
| ||||
CMF+RAD | 2 | |||
EC or EC+RAD | 7 | |||
EC/CMF or EC/CMF +RAD | 3 | |||
FEC or FEC + RAD | 1 | |||
EC/Tac | 2 | |||
Tac/other | 2 | |||
5FU (Mayo mod/Ardalan) | 5 | |||
5FU + RAD | 5 | |||
FOLFOX | 12 | |||
FOLFOX+RAD | 1 | |||
OXALI mono or others | 2 | |||
Radiotherapy
| 14 (24.6%) | 6 (35.2%) | 7 (28.0%) | |
Antihormonal therapy
| 13 (22.8%) | 6 (35.2%) | 0 (0) | |
Mistletoe therapy
| 57 (100%) | 17 (100) | 25 (100) |
Included | N | % |
---|---|---|
B-chronic lymphatic leukaemia (B-CLL) | 1 | 1.8 |
B-cell Lymphoma (NHL) | 2 | 3.5 |
Breast cancer | 16 | 28.1 |
Bronchial carcinoma (NSCLC) | 5 | 8.8 |
Carcinoma unclear primary (CUP) | 1 | 1.8 |
Cervix carcinoma | 1 | 1.8 |
Colon carcinoma | 4 | 7.0 |
Gallbladder carcinoma | 1 | 1.8 |
Hypernephroma | 1 | 1.8 |
Leiomyosarcoma | 1 | 1.8 |
Melanoma | 1 | 1.8 |
Ovarian carcinoma | 2 | 3.5 |
Ovarian sarcoma | 1 | 1.8 |
Pancreatic cancer | 2 | 3.5 |
Pharyngeal cancer | 1 | 1.8 |
Plasmocytoma | 4 | 7.0 |
Pleural mesotelioma | 3 | 5.3 |
Prostatic cancer | 3 | 5.3 |
Rectum carcinoma | 2 | 3.5 |
Thymic carcinoma | 1 | 1.8 |
Thyroid carcinoma | 2 | 3.5 |
Tonsillar carcinoma | 1 | 1.8 |
Urethral cancer | 1 | 1.8 |
Total
|
57
|
100.0
|
Item | Answer Scores | Mean values ± SD | Item-Total Correlation | Factor 1 Inner Resilience & Coherence | Factor 2 Thermo Coherence | Alpha if item deleted | Item-Scale Correlation Self Regulation |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1) There were times last week when I felt good | 5 - 1 | 3.55 ± 1.04 | 0.774 |
0.724
| 0.415 | 0.889 | 0.531 |
2) I felt cold without reason. (inverse focusing)
| 1 – 5 | 4.21 ± 1.05 | 0.527 | 0.156 |
0.897
| 0.905 | 0.312 |
3) I felt pleasantly warm | 5 - 1 | 3.91 ± 1.13 | 0.579 | 0.219 |
0.892
| 0.902 | 0.372 |
4) I felt my health was... | 5 - 1 | 3.30 ± 1.07 | 0.727 |
0.642
| 0.478 | 0.892 | 0.498 |
5) I was able to face the day with confidence. | 5 - 1 | 3.80 ± 1.75 | 0.816 |
0.860
| 0.269 | 0.886 | 0.664 |
6) I felt confident enough to solve problems in my daily life. | 1 – 5 | 3.86 ± 1.00 | 0.594 |
0.580
| 0.335 | 0.900 | 0.322 |
7) I came up with good ways of solving new problems | 1 – 5 | 3.67 ± 0.94 | 0.569 |
0.728
| 0.051 | 0.902 | 0.575 |
8) What I did every day was consistent with my inner wishes | 5 - 1 | 3.38 ± 1.09 | 0.719 |
0.769
| 0.253 | 0.892 | 0.566 |
9) Deep down I felt secure. | 1 – 5 | 3.68 ± 0.98 | 0.753 |
0.843
| 0.196 | 0.891 | 0.604 |
10) I felt I was moving in the right direction. | 5 - 1 | 3.90 ± 0.87 | 0.585 |
0.712
| 0.106 | 0.901 | 0.532 |
Score
|
Sum Scale
|
Inner R. & C. |
Thermo C. |
0,661
| |||
Cronbach-α
|
r
α
= 0.91
|
r
α
= 0.91
|
r
α
= 0.85
| ||||
Retest-Reliability
|
r
rt
= 0.80
|
r
rt
= 0.74
|
r
rt
= 0.54
|
Study 2: ICS responsiveness for chemotherapy treatment
Results
Part 1 of the study
Participants
Analysis of reliability
Principal component analysis
Internal Coherence (ICS) | Inner Resilience & Coherence | Thermo Coherence | |
---|---|---|---|
Study 1: Inner Resilience and Coherence |
.97*
| ||
Study 1: Thermo Coherence |
.63*
|
.50*
| |
Study 1: Self-regulation |
.66*
|
.66*
|
.32*
|
Study 1: Achieve a change in behaviour |
.52*
|
.52*
|
.32*
|
Study 1: Achieve satisfaction |
.70*
|
.70*
|
.31*
|
Study 1: aR sum-scale |
.41*
|
.37*
|
.27*
|
Study 1: aR orthostatic-circulatory |
.30*
|
.26*
|
.19*
|
Study 1: aR rest/activity |
.44*
|
.42*
|
.28*
|
Study 1: aR digestive | .09 | .05 | .09 |
Study 1: Karnofsky-Index |
.53*
|
.50*
|
.32*
|
Study 1: HADS Anxiety |
-.56*
|
-.56*
|
-.31*
|
Study 1: HADS Depression |
-.63*
|
-.65*
|
-.33*
|
Study 1: less cold hands even in warmer months |
.26*
|
.22*
|
.36*
|
Study 1: less perspiration |
.29*
|
.29*
|
.32*
|
Study 1: less feeling cold |
.34*
|
.25*
|
.22*
|
Study 2: EORTC Physical Functioning |
.48*
|
.47*
| .20 |
Study 2: EORTC Role Functioning |
.39*
|
.36*
| .23 |
Study 2: EORTC Emotional Functioning |
.73*
| .21 |
.71*
|
Study 2: EORTC Cognitive Functioning |
.36*
|
.35*
| .15 |
Study 2: EORTC Social Functioning |
.31*
| .26 | .25 |
Study 2: EORTC Global Health |
.66*
|
.58*
|
.47*
|
Study 2: EORTC Fatigue |
-.34*
|
-.32*
|
-.31*
|
Study 2: EORTC Sleep Disturbances |
-.20 | -.19 | -.10 |
Study 2: EORTC Nausea | -.18 | -.27 | -.12 |
Study 2: EORTC Pain |
.35*
|
.40*
| .11 |
Study 2: EORTC Dyspnea |
.33*
| .29 |
.44*
|
Study 2: EORTC Appetite loss |
.53*
|
.48*
|
.34*
|
Study 2: EORTC Constipation | .11 | .11 | .19 |
Study 2: EORTC Diarrhea | .28 | .18 | .25 |
Study 2: EORTC Financial Difficulties | .25 | .21 | .21 |
Internal Coherence Scale | Inner Resilience and Coherence | Thermo Coherence | Self regulation | |
---|---|---|---|---|
STUDY 1
| ||||
Gender
| ||||
Female (71.9%) | 36.52 (7.82) | 28.67 (6.44) | 7.91 (1.53) | 4.05 (0.80) |
Male (28.1%) | 38.84 (7.17) | 30.32 (5.91) | 7.94 (1.46) | 4.25 (0.65) |
Individuals
| ||||
Healthy controls (SD) |
40.12 (5.12)
|
31.43 (4.48)
|
8.25 (1.30)
| 4.27 (0.72) |
Cancer (SD) |
34.23 (8.68)
|
26.80 (7.07)
|
7.60 (1.64)
| 3.97 (0.78) |
p-value * |
<0.001
|
<0.001
|
0.028
| 0.079 |
STUDY 2
| ||||
Breast cancer group 1 T0 | 36.12 (7.64) | 28.41 (6.54) | 7.70 (2.28) | |
Breast cancer group 1 T1 | 34.88 (7.53) | 27.29 (6.25) | 7.58 (1.97) | |
Breast cancer group 1 T2 | 35.35 (6.38) | 27.94 (5.99) | 7.41 (1.97) | |
Colorectal cancer T0 | 38.87 (6.49) | 30.43 (5.81) | 8.30 (1.94) | |
Colorectal cancer T1 | 35.88 (9.36) | 28.47 (7.79) | 7.12 (2.33) | |
Colorectal cancer T2 | 38.96 (6.75) | 32.04 (5.44) | 7.48 (2.27) | |
p-value T0 vs T1 ** |
0.026
|
0.043
|
0.020
| |
p-value T1 vs T2** |
0.009
|
0.008
| 0.268 |
Part 2 of the study
STUDY 2 | Quality of Life (EORTC) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
physical
|
role
|
emotional
|
cognitive
|
social
|
Global
| |
Breast cancer group 1 T0 | 78.75 (26.47) | 66.67 (30.21) | 54.17 (25.89) | 85.42 (19.12) | 67.78 (30.52) | 60.42 (21.62) |
Breast cancer group 1 T1 | 72.94 (23.27) | 55.88 (30.01) | 50.00 (21.73) | 77.08 (22.27) | 56.67 (33.21) | 51.56 (22.20) |
Breast cancer group 1 T2 | 76.86 (20.43) | 64.71 (33.27) | 46.08 (23.59) | 68.63 (29.39) | 57.84 (33.39) | 58.33 (26.19) |
Colorectal cancer T0 | 77.22 (23.42) | 58.67 (38.53) | 60.33 (26.60) | 80.67 (19.65) | 62.32 (28.07) | 57.00 (22.91) |
Colorectal cancer T1 | 69.07 (25.16) | 60.00 (35.35) | 63.19 (24.19) | 71.33 (24.31) | 67.33 (32.80) | 54.71 (23.14) |
Colorectal cancer T2 | 75.83 (19.67) | 78.26 (27.26) | 71.01 (25.85) | 79.17 (19.19) | 76.09 (25.04) | 63.04 (25.48) |
p-value T0 vs T1 ** |
0.008
| 0.396 | 0.434 |
0.013
| 0.486 | 0.126 |
p-value T1 vs T2** |
0.024
|
0.012
| 0.169 | 0.303 | 0.175 |
0.016
|